ENERGY EFFICIENCY ARCHITECTURE
J.NAJEELA BANU
911518251016
What are smart material?
• Smart Materials are those materials that possess
the ability to change their physical properties in a
specific manner in response to specific stimulus
input
• Stimuli could be pressure, temperature, electric
and magnetic fields, chemicals, nuclear radiations
etc.
• The associated changeable physical properties
could be shape, stiffness, viscosity, damping etc
DEFINITION
Smart materials are defined as materials that sense and react to environmental conditions or
stimulilating
(e.g., mechanical, chemical, electrical, or magnetic signals).
TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF SMART MATERIALS
• Piezo-electric polymers and ceramics (
silk,DNA,ZnO etc.)
• Electro-rheological (ER) fluids (mixing
cornflour in a light vegetable oil or (better)
Silicone oil etc.)
• Magneto-strictive materials ( cobalt, Terfenol-
D etc.)
• Shape memory alloys (SMAs) (copper-
aluminium-nickel, and nickel-titanium (NiTi)
alloys etc.) PROPERTIES OF SMART MATERIALS
• Optic fibre • Sensing materials and devices
• Actuation materials and
devices
• Control devices and techniques
• Self-detection, self-diagnostic
• Self-corrective, self-controlled,
self-healing • Shock-absorbers,
damage arrest
SMART MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
In 2005 addington and shodek introduced the new system that classifies materials
according to the way they function dividing them into
Type 1 – Property Change Material Types
Type 2 – Energy Exchange Materials Types
CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
Active smart material Passive Smart Materials
• Possess the capability of • Lack the inherent capability to
modifying their geometric and transduce energy
material properties under the
• Example : Fibre optic
application of electric,
thermal or magnetic fields, cable
thereby acquiring an inherent • Can act as sensors not as
capacity to transduce energy actuators or transducers
• Examples : Piezo-electric
materials, Magneto-stictive
materials, SMAs, ER fluids
• Can be used as force
transducers and actuator
Magneto-stictive materials
A. Smart materials classification is multi-layered.
B. One layer reflects the physical behavior of the material (what it does), and
the other reflects the phenomenological behavior (the effect of physical
behavior).
C. Smart materials have a number of characteristics that distinguish them from
the known traditional materials. Whether as a single material or on a
system’s level, small as a molecule or big as a building shell, smart materials
will express the following characteristics .
• IMMEDIACY – Smart materials respond to the stimuli in real-time.
• TRANSIENCY – Smart materials respond to more than one stimulus or
environmental effect.
• SELF-ACTUATION – What controls the smart material to respond (the
material's intelligence) is internal to the material rather than being external.
• Selectivity – Smart materials' response is distinct and can be predicted.
• Directness – Smart materials' response is confined to the ‘activating’ event.
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Photochromic inks Light sensitive-change colour Sunglasses-gets darker with more
depending on light light /uv
Thermo-chromic inks Temparature sensitive-change colour A kettle-change when hot
depending on temparature
Hydro-chromic inks Change colour as they dry out Umbrell-changes when wet
Phosphorescent inks Glow in the dark-absorbs energy Nigth lights,emergency exit strips
quickly fro light,radiates light slowly
when dark
Shapes memory alloy(SMA’S Will return to their oringinal shape Cable tiles in the telecoms industry
when current is passed through them
Polymorph Softens at 62 degrees C.usually Prototype models
sold in bed form
Piezoelectric Change a movement into an An electric drum kit
electrical signal
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
• Alloys that have 2 states
• When cold they are set in an oringinal
position.
• They can be deformed and will not
break.
• When heated they return to their
oringinal position
