HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
INDEX
What is Human Development
Index?
-It is the statistics of the life expectancy ,education
and per capita income indicators, used into four
tries of human development.
-When Lifespan,Education level and GDP per
capita is higher the country scores higher HDI.
Origin of HDI
-Developed by Indian Economist Amartya Sen
and Pakistani Economist Mahbub Ul Haq.
-It was further used to measure the countries
developed by United Nations Development
Program(UNDP).
Factors Consider for HDI
-The Human Development Index examines
three important criteria of economic
development:
1)Life Expectancy
2)Education
3)Income Level
-Create an overall score between 0 and 1.
-1 indicates a high level of economic
development, 0 a very low level.
Calculation of HDI
1.Life Expectancy Index(LEI) =(LE-20)/(85-20)
2.Educational Index(EI)=(MYSI+EYSI)/2
-Mean Years of Schooling Index=MYS/15
-Expected Years of Schooling Index=EYS/18
3.Income Index(II)=[In(GNIpc)-In(100)]/[In(75000)-In(100)]
HDI=3 /(LEI*EI*II)
-The Human Development
Index(HDI) ranks the countries
based on their performance in the
key areas of health,education and
access to resources.
HEALTH
Measuring of
The indicators chosen to assess
HDI health is the life expectancy at birth.
A higher life expectancy means that
people have a greater chance of
living longer and healthier lives.
Education
The adult literacy rate and the gross
enrolment ratio represent access to
knowledge.
The number of adult who are able to
Measuring of read and write and the number of
children enrolled in schools show
HDI how easy or difficult it is to access
knowledge in a particular country.
Access to resources
It is measured in terms of purchasing
power(in U.S Dollars).
Drawbacks of Human Development
Index
-It does not shows how income is spent by the Government.
-Economic welfare depends on several other factors such as threat of
war,levels of population,access to clean drinking water.
-The variation in life expectancy value for a country is given on an average
of total population.Although many do not get access to good health care
services,so there will be a variation.
Need of Human Development
Index
-Necessary for developing the economic welfare of a country.
-Gives an overall index of Economic Development.
-It gives the idea regarding areas of development which require
improvement.
-It focuses on social and human development rather than only capital
growth.
Criticism Faced By HDI
-Lack of consideration of technological development or
contributions to the human civilisation.
-Focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking.
-Lack of attention to development from global
-Unique in it`s own kind.
HDI -Preparation of not only national report,but also
sub-national human development reports(HDR).
Programme
-Decentralized and integrated the human
In India development concept into its development
agenda at national,states,as well as district level.
-More HDRs have been produced in India than the
total number of global HDRs.
-Plan is made by Planning Commission -United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
partnership through the preparation of State
Human Development Reports(SHDR) and District
Human Development Reports(DHDR).
- Human Development Programme started in
HDI 8th five year plan(1992-1997).
Programme -First State Madhya Pradesh.
In India -The World`s first state HDR was published in
Madhya Pradesh in 1995.
- Computation of the state`s HDI as well as
HDI for all the districts in the state govt.
-So far 21 states have prepared HDRs.
2009-The First city
HDR(Mumbai) was -State Governments have initiated the work
launched.
on districts HDRs for 80 districts of which 23
HDRs have been released till date.
-The HDI gives an overall index of
economic development.
-There are certain differences among
different states development
conditions so there must be equal
Conclusion opportunities for development for all.
-Some important issues are missing in
HDI such as infrastructure and some
economic factors.
