RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

SESSION NO. 2 / WEEK NO. 2

MODULE NO. 2: STRUCTURES OF BODY

List of topics that to be discussed in this module:

 Body Parts
 Key to good posture, Correct Alignment and Proper placement
Overview
 Body Types
 Man’s Biological Make-up and Fitness
a. Muscular System
b. Skeletal System
 Anatomical Structure

This module is designed to provide information and knowledge to achieve

competence in maintaining healthy and physical condition. Mainly the focus of
Physical Education is the importance of a healthy lifestyle and physical activity by
knowing the body parts and its types for us to execute good posture, knowing the
importance of correct alignment and benefits of proper placement. In addition, it will
also discuss man’s biological make-up and fitness and use different anatomical
terminology to describe our body. Moreover, it aims to obtain knowledge about the
importance of human movement.

Grading System

Major Examination 20%

Quizzes 15%
Total:
Oral 100%
and Written Responses 15%
Assignment Performance Task 50%

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 1

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

POLICY

Virtual Class Etiquette

 Stick to the Schedule. You’re given five to 10 minutes grace period to prepare
for the class.
 Mute your microphone when you ’re not talking. But if you are going to recite
you may unmute it.
 Keep your video turned on, so teachers can see you well. However, for
students who have trouble with internet connection, you’re allowed to turn it
off.
 Dress Appropriately. Make sure to wear comfortable and decent clothing while
on class.
 Be aware of your surroundings. Stay on safe area, if possible, look for a quiet/
noiseless part of your home to lessen distractions.
 No food allowed. Take your meals before or after your class.
 Be respectful. Be careful with your language, humor and sarcasm.

VMGO

VISION

A leading technology-driven university responsive to the developmental needs of

changing societies.

MISSION

To develop globally competitive and socially responsible professionals through

technology-driven instructions, innovative researches, sustainable extension
programs that will enhance the lives of people in the communities.

COLLEGE GOAL
The Institute of Physical Education develops three goals that are continuum of the
existing RTU goals will sharpen the focus of the department on student’s
achievement over the next five years as the Rizal Technological University continues
the path to excellence.
Goals – Students Achievement
Goals – Fiscal Responsibility
Goals – Stakeholders Community

COLLEGE OBJECTIVES

1. Prepare the students to become world-class physical education teachers,

coaches, trainers, and dance fitness instructors and administrators.
2. Inoculate physical fitness awareness among practitioners, students and
members of the community.

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 2

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

3. Develop the students and practitioners as partners of government in

producing a healthy citizenry and implementers of the program of local
and international sports organizations.

Study Guide

In this module, students are recommended to:

1. Open the links and read the attachments for further readings that is
posted in this unit;
2. Answer the following questions/activities and send via email,
messenger, Facebook Page or any education platform preferred by
the RTU Flexible Learning Solution Committee, answer the quiz via
Google forms
3. Study and Complete the given activities

Learning Outcomes

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 3

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

 Identify the major body parts, body types and different body system and its
function
 Discuss the importance of good posture, correct alignment and proper
placement and human anatomy and its movement.

Topic Presentation

PARTS OF THE BODY

 Our body is an ultimate mover that makes us either enjoy or hate life.
 ; and each part has its own function that depends on one another.
 Knowing the parts of the body, its system, and capabilities and limitation are essential
for physical education and for effective performance in physical activities.

KEY TO GOOD POSTURE, CORRECT ALIGNMENT and PROPER PLACEMENT

 Posture is the position, pose, or figure of the body, specifically in sitting and standing
position.
 Alignment is the proper positioning or state of adjustment of parts in relation to each
other.
 Placement is an accurately and suitable place of different parts of the body

Things to remember for Good Posture:

In Standing Position
- Head should be facing straight ahead
- Feet should be about shoulder with and pointing slightly outward
- Stand with your weight
- Avoid locking your knees
- Keep your shoulder straight, and don’t let them slouch forward
- Do not bend over a table or desk without bending your knees

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 4

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

- if standing for a long period of time, shift weight from one foot the other

In Sitting Position
- The head should be in position
- Sit back straight and shoulders back
- Tighten the abdominal muscles and cross legs to the ankle
- Distribute the body weight evenly on both hips
- Keep feet flat on the floor
- When driving, sit close to the pedals
- Avoid sitting in the same position for a long period of time

In Lifting Position
- Bend the knees and hips

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 5

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

- Bend from the waist with legs straight

- Hold objects close to the body

Importance of Correct Alignment

It is important to have a correct alignment to avoid strain on the muscles, fatigue or injury.
Muscles must be in condition and in balance to avoid misalignment of skeletal framework.

Benefits of Proper Placement:

- Perform task or activity with proper form.
- Prevent stress, anxiety, or fatigue.
- Prevent postural deviation.
- Prevent muscles strain and pain.
- Contribute to good appearance

BODY TYPES

 Body types or physique classification distinguish certain physiological and personality

traits.
 Good physique boosts an individual morale and self-confidence. On the other hand,
people who does not have good physique are more conscious and have low self-
esteem.

Ernst Kretschmer, a German psychiatrist who proposed the types of physique similar to
Sheldon’s classification. Namely,
Asthenic (thin, small, weak)
Athletic (muscular, large-boned)
Pyknic (stocky, fat)

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 6

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

William Sheldon, an American psychologist known for his theory on associating physique with
personality and delinquency.

Ectomorph (Asthenic) Mesomorph (Athletic) Endomorph (Pyknic)

- Lean - Muscular individual with - Broad
- Slim broad shoulders - Rounded figure
- Shallow-chested - Well-developed chest, - Large head
- Tall in proportion to their - Robust and strong - Heavy neck
weight - Has a good metabolism - Ruddy face
- Has a difficult in building and responsive muscle - Has a high tendency to
muscle. cells store body fat

MAN’S BIOLOGICAL MAKE-UP AND FITNESS

Body system is an arrangement of organs closely allied or related to each other to do
particular job.
A System is made up of organs (collection of tissues with similar function) which in turn are
made up of cells (basic structural unit of all living organisms).
Cell is the biological basis of life.

SKELETAL SYSTEM
- Protects the body organs
- Storing minerals that the body utilizes.
- Provides form and structure for the muscle to work against.
- Support the body

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 7

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

TYPES OF BONES:
1. Long bones – Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Fibula, Tibia, Femur, Metacarpals, Phalanges
2. Short bones – Carpal bones, Tarsal bones
3. Flat bones – Skull bones, Ribs, Sternum, Scapulae
4. Note: The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.
The thoracic cage is formed by the (a) sternum and (b) 12 pairs of ribs with their costal
cartilages. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum
consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The ribs are classified as true ribs
(1–7) and false ribs (8–12). The last two pairs of false ribs are also known as floating ribs
(11–12).

5. Irregular bones – Skull, Vertebrae, Hip

6. Sesamoid bones – Patella

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
- The body system that is composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue and
functions in movement of the body or of materials through the body.
- Maintenance of posture
- Responsible for heat production

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 8

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES
1. Cardiac Muscles (Involuntary muscles) – These muscles form the walls of the heart and
contacts to circulate the blood.
2. Visceral / Smooth muscles (involuntary muscles) – Found in organs or organ system such
as the digestive or respiratory system.
3. Skeletal muscles – Attach to the skeleton with the ability to move.

Anatomical Structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its
surroundings. It can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
Anterior (ventral) – At or near the front of the body (front view)
Posterior (dorsal) – At or near the back of the body (back view)
Midline – An imaginary vertical line that divides the body equally (right down the middle)
Lateral – Farther from midline (side view)
Medial – Nearer to midline (side view)
Superior (cephalic) – Toward the head/upper part of a structure (bird’s-eye view, looking down)
Inferior (caudal) – Away from the head /lower part of a structure (bottom view, looking down)
Superficial – Close to the surface of the body
Deep – Away from the surface of the body
Proximal – Nearer to the origination of a structure
Distal – Farther from the origination of a structure

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 9

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

Guided Exercises / Learning Activities

Activity No.1
Describe the different characteristics of each body types.

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COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 10

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

ACTIVITY NO 2 .
• Identify the Muscle Groups and Skeletal System

Assessment

Multiple Choice Quiz, link will be sent after class. Students will answer
through google form.

Assignment

Study the following:

1. Anatomical Positions
2. The three planes of human Anatomy
3. Three Axis of rotation
4. The different anatomical types of movements
5. Concepts of movements
6. Basic Movement Patterns

References

Dagami, E., Flordeliza, R. & Santos, Arden. Principles of Movement Enhancement.

Hoehn, K., Marieb E. Human Anatomy & Physiology 9th edition
[Link]

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 11

 RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

[Link]
the-human-body-2/
[Link]

COURSE TITLE: PE 01 MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT 12