THDC-IHET

DATE-DEC 22,2022
SUBJECT- SIMULATION LAB
STUDENT’S NAME- ANKIT NEGI
(710970102001)
TEACHER’S NAME-MS. ANSHU SEMWAL
THDC-IHET

DATE-DEC 22,2022
SUBJECT- SIMULATION LAB
STUDENT’S NAME- HRITIK SAINI
(200970102005)
TEACHER’S NAME-MS. ANSHU SEMWAL
THDC-IHET

DATE-DEC 22,2022
SUBJECT- SIMULATION LAB

STUDENT’S NAME- TUSHAR DHIMAN

(200970102009)
TEACHER’S NAME-MS. ANSHU SEMWAL
THDC-IHET

DATE-DEC 22,2022
SUBJECT- SIMULATION LAB

STUDENT’S NAME- AJAY SINGH

(200970102002)
TEACHER’S NAME-MS. ANSHU SEMWAL
 Experiment - Introduction to CST Studio software
Aim- Introduction to CST Studio software for designing.
Software required- CST studio
Theory-
This experiment is an introduction to CST software (Computer Simulation Technology) which is powerful
numerical full electromagnetic simulator. It simplifies solving complex structures as it solves for Maxwell’s
equations numerically inside the structure. CST gives a complete insight about the E & H fields behaviour
within the structure in either time or frequency domain. It also enables prediction of designed circuit
response before going into the complicated and costly process of fabrication.
This experiment introduces the following:
Creating new project
Setup a new design
GUI introduction
Creating a microstrip transmission line (MLIN) design.
Simulation of the MLIN
Results extraction and evaluation

Creating a new project

1) From the start-up menu shown below, choose CST Microwave Studio .

2) Afterwards, from the design template menu choose <None>.

 3) Next, the CST Microwave Studio Interface appears as shown below.

Units Definition
From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Units
Set the dimensions to be in (mm.) and the frequency to be in GHz .
Background properties

From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Background material.
Set the material type to be >> Normal as shown below.

Frequency Range
From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Frequency.
Adjust the min and max frequency.
Boundary Conditions
From the main menu tool bar choose Solve>> Boundary Conditions. (Free space)
Choose the boundary condition to be Open and mark “Apply in all directions”.

Result-
All the basics of the CST Studios has been studied.
 Experiment - Rectangular Patch Antenna
AIM :-
To Designing of Rectangular Patch Antenna Using CST designing Suite
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
CST designing Suite
THEORY:-
Microstrip patch antenna is one of the most popular and frequently used antenna in
wireless communication, due to its structure, light weight, small size, and low
manufacturing cost and can be easily assemble in microwave circuits . Microstrip antenna
consists of mainly three parts ground plane substrate and patch. It is very easy to analyse
using the transmission line models which are more and more accurate for thin substrates .

Patch antenna is basically a directional antenna where the main power beam is formed on
the patch side and very little radiation can be detected . By using the Lithography technique
a patch antenna is built on a dielectric substrate . Microstrip have becomes more appearing
technology in mobile phone markets , multiple band and ultra wide technology among the
world. It have been widely used in various applications including short range
communication, Radar, and positioning system .

Design Steps
1. Choose CST
2. Choose Antenna
 The Parameters for design a microstrip patch antenna with the microstrip feed line
(inset-fed) work on 2.4 GHz
3. Local coordinate system Determine the frequency Range and put the parameters.
4. Press create brick then press Esc from the keyboard
5. Create ground plane
6. Create the substrate
7. Create the patch
8. Create the empty space
9. Create away the empty space
10. Create the empty space
11. Create the feed line
12. The patch and feed line into one object
13. Press to patch then add then feedline then press Enter
 The antenna
 The port
14. Press F from in the keyboard and click ok
15. Then click on wave guide port
 16. The antenna is ready to simulated
17. Field monitor
18. Use transient solver
19. Start
20. The final result

Diagram in CST

Radition Pattern

Return-loss-based bandwidth
CONCLUSION:
The simulated designed antenna is performed on CST software. Its result is obtained at the range of 0-8
GHz for transmission line fading. The reflection coefficient of transmission line feeding is -28.616 dB and
the value of VSWR is 1.0725.

Result :
The simulated designed antenna is performed on CST software
 Experiment – Dipole Antenna
AIM :-
Designing of Dipole Antenna Using CST designing Suite.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
CST designing Suite 2019
THEORY:-

A dipole antenna is an antenna with a center-fed driven element for transmitting or

receiving radio frequency energy.
It consists of a straight electric conductor, made of conducting metal such as copper,
interrupted at the center, therefore making two poles.
A ‘dipole’ means ‘two poles’ hence the dipole antenna consists of two identical conductive
elements such as rods or metal wires. The length of the metal wires is approximately half of
the maximum wavelength (i.e., ) in free space at the frequency of operation.
Dipole antennas (or such designs derived from them, including the monopole) are used to
feed more elaborate directional antennas such as a horn antenna, parabolic reflector, or
corner reflector. Engineers analyze vertical (or other monopole) antennas on the basis of
dipole antennas of which they are one half.

Diagram

Design Steps in CST

To design a dipole antenna using Computer Simulation Technology (CST), you will need to
follow the following steps:
 1. Start by launching CST and creating a new project.

2. In the project, create a new model for the dipole antenna.

3. Define the geometry of the antenna. This includes the dimensions of the rods and the
spacing between them. You can use CST's built-in geometry tools to create the
antenna geometry.

4. Set up the material properties for the antenna. This includes the conductivity and
permittivity of the material used for the rods.

5. Set up the excitation for the antenna. This can be done using a voltage source or a
current source, depending on the type of antenna you are designing.

6. Set up the simulation parameters, such as the frequency range and the type of
analysis you want to perform (e.g., time-domain or frequency-domain).

7. Run the simulation and analyze the results. CST will calculate the electromagnetic
fields and currents in the antenna, and you can use this information to analyze the
antenna's performance, such as its gain and radiation pattern .

Diagram in CST
Polarization of the radiated field

Antenna radiation pattern

Return-loss-based bandwidth

RESULT:
Radiation pattern of the Dipole antenna is plotted .
 Experiment -Slot Antenna
Aim- To Designing of Slot Antenna Using CST designing Suite
Software required- CST studio
Theory-
Slot Antenna is an example of Aperture antenna. A rectangular slot is made on the conducting sheet. These
slot antennas can be formed by simply making a cut on the surface, where they are mounted on.

Frequency Range
The frequency range used for the application of Slot antenna is 300 MHz to 30 GHz. It works
in UHF and SHF frequency ranges.

Diagram Of Slot antenna in CST :-

Radiation pattern
The radiation pattern of the Slot antenna is Omni-directional, just like a half-wave dipole antenna. Take a look at the
following illustration. It shows the radiation pattern of Slot antenna drawn in Horizontal and Vertical planes
respectively
Graph

Result:-
The simulated designed of Slot antenna is performed on CST software