THESES 2021

GATEWAY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

AND DESIGN
SONIPAT 131001

THESIS, 2021

National Institute of Ayurveda, Yoga &

Naturopathy (NIAY&N), Panchkula,
Haryana

SUBMITTED BY:
Vranda Agarwal
Gcad/16/132

GUIDED BY: Ar. Tanushree Das

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CHAPTER 4: STANDARDS

4.1 Anthropometrics Standards used in the envisaged activities

Space requirements of groups

Space requirements of various body postures

Figure 4.1 - The image shows different movement of humans that need spaces according to these
movement.
Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister.
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4.2 LectureTheater

Figure 4.2 - The image shows different lecture theater.

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister.

It is preferable to group larger lecture theatres for central lectures in separate

complexes. Smaller lecture theaters for lectures on specialist subjects are better in
the individual department.

Common sizes for address theaters:

100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800 seats. Theaters with up to 200 seats have a roof
tallness of 3.50m and are incorporated into the departmental structures; if bigger
they are better in a different building. Address theater is subjects including
composing on writing slates and projection have seating on shallow rake.

Figure 4.3 - The image shows the calculation for theatre plan.
Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister.
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Seating in lecture
theaters joined units of
tip-up or swing seats,
backrest and composing
edge (with rack and
snare for envelopes),
typically settled.

Measure of room per

understudy relies upon
the sort of seat,
profundity of composing
rack and rake of floor.
Measure of room per
understudy: for seating
in solace 70x65cm: and
all things considered
60x80 = 55x75cm.

Figure 4.4 - standards for lecture theater

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kiste
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Figure 4.4 - sections for various lecture theaters

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister.

Experiment benches suitable for laboratory work

should, if possible, be interchangeable units on
castors and must be provided with a power point.

Projection screens and boards can be designed as

a segmented, curved wall or simply fixed to a flat
end-wall Wall blackboards are usually made up
of several sections which can be moved up and
down manually or mechanically. They can be
designed to drop down beneath the projection
area. Blackboards on wheels can also be
considered..

Figure 4.5 - seminar rooms, variable seating arrangements

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister.

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4.3 Library

The quantity of book racks relies on the

sort of association, openness for clients,
kind of racking, the partition of various
arrangements and furthermore the
auxiliary matrix of the building.
Course courses ought to be >1.2m wide,
and clear spaces between racks in any
event 1.3-1.4m wide. Crosswise over
intersection and covering of courses for
clients, staff and book transport. For
useful reasons control doors ought to be
close to the loaning work area/focal data
work area.

.Figure 4.6 - various standards for library

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kist
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.Figure 4.7 - various standards for library

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister

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4.4 Offices

The space required while situated and standing is utilized to figure the base leeway
between individual work areas and tables (ideally least of 1m), contingent upon
whether they are set against the divider or the tables.

.Figure 4.8 -arrangement of furniture in library

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister

People space =(standard individual space x number of people) + allowances for

immediate salary needs +15% for circulation.
Average floor area required for the workstation and employee in an organization
not including management have following distribution:
30%- 3.6-4.6m2
55%- 7-9m

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15%- 9-15m2

.Figure 4.9 - various standards for library shelves

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister

Average depth of office space is 4.5-6m

The minimum distance between the center lines of windows or
columns is 1.25m. Largest grid module is 1.875m
Min. height of
workstation is 72cm.
Standard desk
dimensions:
156x78x78cm
The floor area for a vertical filing system is 5.2m2 and the aisle
space must be 4.6m2. Transaction counter dimensions- 62cm wide
and 90cm high.

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4.5 Auditorium

In general, the maximum capacity of

an auditorium depends on the format
selected.
A zone of in any event 0.5m2 per
observer is to be utilized for sitting
onlookers.
A most extreme number of 16 seats
for each walkway, 25 seats for every
passageway is admissible on the off
chance that one side leave entryway
of 1m width is given per 3-4 lines.
Ways out, escape courses: 1m wide
per 150 individuals. Volume of the
room is acquired based on acoustic
prerequisites as pursues.Maximum
perception angle without head
movement is about 110 degrees, i.e. in
this field which takes place between
the corners of the eyes is perceived.

.Figure 4.10- standards for an auditorium

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister

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Various stage shapes

Open thrust stage-

Audience surrounds stage from
three sides Artists in same
space envelops as audience
Artist audience in a more
intimate relation.

Arena stage-
Audience surrounds stage from all
the four sides. Maximum audience in
minimum space
Performer has to be more around continuously
uncomfortable orientation angle of 360 degrees. Limited
scenery required.

Lighting:

To achieve desired lighting

effect on stage various
positions are established to put
lights.

Lighting bars: lighting of the

stage are usually suspended
from bars attached to counter
weight sets. Lights of different
types can be installed from
different angles.

All doors must have exit lights over them. The system should be easy to maintain.
The operator in the light control booth should get a full view of stage.

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To check structure borne noise, machine rooms, workshop, elevator lobbies, etc.,
should be structurally isolated from the theatre space.

Balconies:

.Figure 4.11- standards for an auditorium

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kister

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4.6 Circulation and Car parking

Figure 4.12- standards car parking

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kiste

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Figure 4.13- standards car parking

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kiste

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1-6 show how parking spaces

can be creatively integrated into
their surroundings without
restricting their use. Parking
spots can be totally or in part
indented or gave rooftop
planting to expand the look of
the region, yet additionally
gives shade and enhances the

Figure 4.14- standards car parking and turning

Source - Neufert, Ernst, Peter Neufert, and Johannes Kiste

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4.7 Lux level required: Education

Assembly halls general platform and 200-300-500

stage
Teaching spaces general 200-300-500
Lecture theatres general 200-300-500
Demonstration benches 300-500-750
Seminar rooms 300-500-750
Art rooms 300-500-750
Needle rooms 300-500-750
Laboratories 300-500-750
Libraries 200-300-500
Music rooms 200-300-500
Sport halls 200-300-500
Workshops 200-300-500
Bookshelves 100-150-200
Study cables, carrels 300-500-750
Map room 200-300-500
Book repair and binding 300-500-750
Catalogue and sorting 300-500-750
Remote book stores 100-150-200
Museums and art galleries
Exhibits insensitive to light 200-300-500
Light sensitive exhibits 150
Extremely light sensitive 50
Conservation studies and workshops 300-500-750
sports facilities
Multi-purpose sports halls 300-750
Display and exhibition areas
Exhibits insensitive to light 200-300-500
Exhibit sensitive to light 50 to 150

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CHAPTER 5: LITERATURE STUDY

5.1 Intent of the literature study

This literature review performs as the foundations for the study, rest of the work builds
upon the ideas and existing research done on this topic.The literature study is based on
the research papers collected and the interpretations from them. Review tell us in which
part of the research we need to focus on.

5.2 Selection criteria of literature

The collection of the data was mainly by the literature review and available research
documents on the internet having its own importance because literature review will
further help:
• To explore the vital aspects of medical college planning.
• To understand and ensure the results for the objectives of the thesis can be analyzed
carefully and a judgment could be made for the project by the thorough literature study
on existing structures that lie within the limit.
• To provide brief summary of all the facts, theories and results of the research that is
done in past in the same topic or relation to the topic and highlight the relevance of the
topic.
• As research paper’s uniqueness and originality is very important to generate reader’s
interest and curiosity, thus a review of existing literature would push the research a step
further encompassing which is still not discovered or documented.
• Considering the time boundaries and limited available resources it is best to discover
existing literature for a better understanding and ensuring the best conclusions.
• Literature reviews would also help to generate a better understanding.
The document selection has to be done very efficiently to keep the authenticity of the
collected data and for a better conclusion and analyzing of the research. So, to maintain
the authenticity of research paper the document selection was done from varying
disciplines of authors from professional practitioners to research students.

5.3 Literature

5.3.1 Research Papers

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5.3.1.1. The Ayurveda Education in India: How Well Are the Graduates Exposed to
Basic Clinical Skills?by Kishor Patwardhan, Sangeeta Gehlot
The present study is a mailed survey, which was carried out to evaluate the ‘Extent of
exposure to basic clinical skills during BAMS course’ as perceived by the sample
groups of students and teachers drawn from 32 Ayurvedic educational institutions
spread all over India.. The study indicates that there are some serious flaws in the
existing system of the graduate-level Ayurveda education. Since the Ayurvedic
graduates play an important role in the primary healthcare delivery system of the
country, governing bodies are required to take necessary steps to ensure the adequate
exposure of the students to basic clinical skills. Along with the strict implementation of
all the regulatory norms during the process of recognition of the colleges, introducing
some changes in the policy model may also be required to tackle the situation.

5.3.1.2. Teaching and Learning Methodology – An Ayurvedic Perspective

by Dr. Umapati C. Baragi, Dr. Jyoti M. Ganer
Teaching and learning are the two sides of a coin. Today’s education in Ayurveda is
mostly becoming an exam oriented "teaching and learning". The prevalent 'direct
teaching' method also known as the "factory approach" discourages student curiosity,
questioning, innovation and feedback. Innovation in teaching and learning methods
aimed at development of creativity and original thinking skills are rarely adopted in
Ayurveda. There is very little focus on application of knowledge and development of
practical skills. Basically teaching should include two major components transferring
and receiving information. So, any communication methods that serve this purpose
without destroying the objective could be considered as novel methods of teaching.
Various teaching, learning as well as debating methods have been narrated by our
Ancient Acharyas to gain and update one’s own knowledge. So this present review
article pays a tribute to all the Ancient Acharyas who planned to explore the
methodology of teaching as well as other learning methods that can be attempted in
imparting knowledge to the students as well as the teachers in the present era.

5.3.2.3 Mainstreaming of Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and

Homeopathy with the health care delivery system in India by Saurabh RamBihariLal
Shrivastava, Prateek Saurabh Shrivastava, and Jegadeesh Ramasamy

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India has a population of 1.21 billion people and there is a high degree of socio-cultural,
linguistic, and demographic heterogeneity. There is a limited number of health care
professionals, especially doctors, per head of population. The National Rural Health
Mission has decided to mainstream the Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha,
and Homeopathy (AYUSH) system of indigenous medicine to help meet the challenge
of this shortage of health care professionals and to strengthen the delivery system of the
health care service. Multiple interventions have been implemented to ensure a
systematic merger; however, the anticipated results have not been achieved as a result of
multiple challenges and barriers. To ensure the accessibility and availability of health
care services to all, policy-makers need to implement strategies to facilitate the
mainstreaming of the AYUSH system and to support this system with stringent
monitoring mechanisms.

5.3.2 Unpublished Documents

5.3.2.1 About Ayush Ministery

This document explains about Ministry of AYUSH in details along with all the
institutes under it in India., A separate Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and
Homoeopathy (ISM&H) was set up in 1995 to ensure the optimal development and
propagation of AYUSH systems of health care. The Department of ISM&H was
re-named as the Department of AYUSH (an acronym for - Ayurveda, Yoga and
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy) in November 2003. Sowa Rigpa has been
recognized under IMCC Act, 1970 by the notification published in Gazette of India on
16th December, 2011.

5.3.2.2 Ayurveda and Naturopathy By: P.Srikanth, E.Hemalatha, Shahnaz

Ayurveda, naturopathy and yoga has been a part of Indian culture since long times. The
combination of modern technology and Ayurveda will bring about drastic changes in
health system. So the national rural health mission has decided to maintain Ayurveda,
yoga, naturopathy system of indigenous medicine to help meet the challenge of shatya
of healthcare professionals. Yoga has taken over fitness industry recently. Many people
are preferring yoga for their health benefits. Naturopathy is a form of alternative
medicine employing a wide array of "natural" treatments, including homeopathy,
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herbalism, and acupuncture, as well as diet (natural) and lifestyle counseling. The
mechanism of acupuncture and v therapy is used to cure people with paralysis and its
mechanism has to be still found out.

Doshas control how your body works. They are Vata dosha (space and air); Pitta dosha (fire
and water); and Kapha dosha (water and earth).

Types of Doshas

Vata Dosha
Those who practice Ayurveda believe this is the most powerful of all three doshas.
It controls very basic body functions, like how cells divide. It also controls your
mind, breathing, blood flow, heart function, and ability to get rid of waste through
your intestines. Things that can disrupt it include eating again too soon after a meal,
fear, grief, and staying up too late.
If vata dosha is your main life force, you’re thought to be more likely to develop
conditions like anxiety, asthma, heart disease, skin problems, and rheumatoid
arthritis.

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Pitta Dosha
Pitta contains the properties of the fire and water element, but the former is more
pronounced. Thus, Pitta regulates all metabolic processes in the body as well as
body temperature and our hormonal balance. Hunger, thirst, and even
intelligence are associated with Pitta.

Kapha Dosha

Kapha is essentially composed out of earth and water components. It is

heavy, slow, cool, sleek, smooth, delicate, thick, stable, gross, and cloudy.
Kapha provides structure and robustness to all things; it gives the
cohesiveness needed to maintain a particular form. Kapha additionally
hydrates all cells and frameworks, lubricates the joints, saturates the skin,
maintains immunity and safeguards the tissues. Kapha is often associated
with water energy, and with love and compassion.

1. Swasthya - Combination of positively good condition of mind and body.

2. Santulan - To restore and maintain the equilibrium between mind & body.
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3. Pra-kriya - The methodology which include both body and mind.

Ayurvedic Institute Design requirenents

Trees & landscaping

Materials

Building occupies an important role in infrastructure. The building for

Ayurveda Hospital shall be eco-friendly and suitable to the local
surroundings.
The windows and doors shall ensure good air circulation and entry of light.
The building shall have easy access to the main entrance through a ramp for
wheel chairs.

Naturopathy

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Naturopathy or naturopathic medicine is a form of alternative medicine that employs an

array of pseudoscientific practices branded as "natural", "non-invasive", or promoting
"self-healing". The ideology and methods of naturopathy are based on vitalism and folk
medicine, rather than evidence-based medicine
Naturopathy focuses on:

 the body’s capacity to heal itself

 preventing health problems

 a personal responsibility to optimize health

Naturopathic treatment plans focus on education and prevention. They often emphasize
diet, exercise, and stress management.These principles and beliefs are:

 Self-healing: Identifying and removing obstacles to recovery, allows for natural

healing.

 Underlying symptoms: Rather than stopping symptoms, a naturopathic doctor

can resolve underlying physical or mental issues by treating the body, mind, and
spirit.

 Harmless treatment: Treatment plans should not have harmful side effects or
control symptoms negatively.

 Holistic treatment: A naturopathic doctor must recognize individuality to treat

all aspects of a person’s health effectively.

 Education in treatment: Naturopathic doctors teach self-care to help empower

people against ill health.

 Prevention: It is good to remove toxic substances from a lifestyle to prevent

problems from arising.

Spaces requirements
 Admin area and reception

 Chromo therapy room

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 Hydro therapy room

 Aroma therapy room

 Mud therapy room

 Research room

 Toilets

Mud therapy
Mud therapy is used for giving coolness to body. It dilutes and absorbs the toxic
substances of body and ultimately eliminates them from body. Mud is used successfully
in different diseases like constipation, headache due to tension, high blood pressure,
skin diseases etc.

Hydro therapy
Hydro therapy is a section of naturopathy treatment process which uses water for
various treatment processes and pain relief. As two-thirds of entire earth and body are
constituted from water likewise two third of complete naturopathy treatment process
comprises of Hydro Therapy.

Aroma therapy

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Aromatherapy is the science, skill and practice of using essential oils for the health and
wellness of body and mind. This is an exceptionally holistic and beneficial therapy in
medical practice, aesthetics and spa.

5.3.2.3 The Key Architectural Elements Required to Design Yoga and Meditation
Spaces.

Architectural elements for yoga spaces

Although each practice may require specific characteristics, most take place in a large
open central space, accompanied by a set of support rooms

 Main Room
This is the central space of the building where people gather for practice, and generally
is a free plan, flexible and adaptable to different uses. To determine its dimensions,
we can use the standard measures of a yoga mat, which unfolds fully stretched in an
area of approximately 1.70 x 60 meters. It is suggested to leave at least 50 cm between
the mats, to allow the free movement of users during the exercises.Some of these rooms
have a small platform or elevated area where the instructor or guide of the session is
located, and it is good to add shelves or countertops where people can leave their 'tools'
during the class (water bottles, towels, blankets, slippers). Usually, the room has mirrors
on one or more walls, but this depends on the needs and the taste of the client.

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 Bathrooms / Dressing Rooms

Not all centers include dressing rooms, but if there are resources and space, it is good to
add. In the case adding them in, you can increase the size of the bathrooms allowing
dual use. To achieve this objective and allow the space to be occupied by more than one
person at a time, in several projects toilet area is separated from the sink, that is being
associated with a kind of small dressing room, which may also include lockers, shelves,
and benches.Toilets should be located adjacent to the main room, with a quick and easy
access from the main entrance area.

 Circulations

Circulations gain great importance in this kind of projects, because not only can
function as corridors or hallways, but also can contain storage spaces, waiting and
resting areas, or even a reception. Some cases also take advantage of the walls to
incorporate built-in shelves.

 Others

Depending on the order received, the building may include several classrooms, plus
massage cabins or jacuzzi, sauna and swimming pools areas. The height of the spaces is
a choice of each client and architect, but the main room, at least, is designed in most
cases with a greater height.

 Acoustics

There is a belief that these spaces must be completely silent, but precisely the idea of
these disciplines is to be developed in spite of the ambient noise. In fact, in many cases,
it is recommended to fully perform in exteriors, as many sounds of nature can help a
better realization of different practices. In the case of closed rooms, these sounds (and
even smells) can be integrated by incorporating indoor courtyards or gardens that attract
birds, including moving water, and/or allow the flow of the wind.

Obviously, if a practice requires complete silence, the design must allow that the space
can be completely isolated.
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 Ventilation

This is a fundamental issue in these practices, since they all use breath as the basis for
its development. It is important to allow cross ventilation across the room, making sure
that there is a certain current renew of oxygen inside, during the session or at the times
when the room is not being occupied. For this, we should generate a first opening in the
facade that receives the prevailing winds, and a second opening (preferably bigger) on
the opposite wall.

 Ilumination

The light allows to qualify environmentally the space and can help to lead the intension
of the practice being done. In the case of Yoga, direct connection to the sun is essential
in many of their exercises. That's why we should always favor natural lighting, and is
necessary, to incorporate systems to regulate their intensity, allowing darken the room
completely if necessary.

 Aesthetics and Materials

The aesthetics of space depends entirely on the client requirement, but generally, you
should avoid distracting elements or exaggerated decorations. It is recommended using
warm materials and soft colors (or directly white) to help attendees achieve a certain
degree of initial concentration. As practices carried out in permanent contact with the
ground, floors are usually covered with wood or materials rather 'soft' and warm to the
touch.

 Orientation and Geometry

Some of the projects are based spatially and geometrically in the traditional tenets of the
different practices, as many claim that certain orientations and configurations may
enhance the effectiveness of the exercises.For example, we talk about some beneficial
cardinal directions, like the East (where would travel certain subtle energies
accompanying the movement of the Earth) or Magnetic North (near the geographic
North, which would allow us to align with the magnetic field of our planet). Other cases
have based their design in the studio of the sacred geometries, and have even

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made dowsing ground surveys to learn of benign energies present at the project
site.These organic references allow us to drop some stiffness of a more practical design,
moving to generate curves or circular shapes that could impact positively on the user
experience inside of the building.

5.4 The Final Comments

S. Literature Name of Publisher Pag Likely to Browsesd/

No category Literature:Authors/ data/ URL es help Read
. Editors accessed of argument thoroughly/
on inte in chapter Not read
rest no.
01 Research The Ayurveda The_Ayurved Browsesd
a_Education_
paper Education in India:
in_India_Ho
How Well Are the
w_Well_are_
Graduates Exposed the_Graduate
to Basic Clinical s_Exposed_t
Skills?by Kishor o_Basic_Clin
ical_Skills.pd
Patwardhan,
f
Sangeeta Gehlot

02 Research Teaching and Not read

paper Learning
Methodology – An
Ayurvedic
Perspective
by Dr. Umapati C.
Baragi, Dr. Jyoti M.
Ganer

03 Research Mainstreaming of Not read

paper Ayurveda, Yoga,
Naturopathy, Unani,

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Siddha, and
Homeopathy with
the health care
delivery system in
India by

04 Unpublis About Ayush Chapter Browsed

hed Ministery 2
documen
t
05 Unpublis Ayurveda and 31ID_HWC2 Chapter Read
hed Naturopathy By: 015.pdf 1
documen P.Srikanth,
E.Hemalatha,
Shahnaz
05 Unpublis The Key https://www. Chapter Read
hed Architectural archdaily.co 1,7
m/797259/th
documen Elements Required
e-key-archite
to Design Yoga and
ctural-eleme
Meditation Spaces
nts-required-
to-design-yo
ga-and-medi
ation-spaces

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