CHM431 TUTORIAL 5 SEM MAC 2016
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
1. A solution is made up of two component, A and B. The pure vapour p pressure of A
is 375 torr and pure vapour pressure of B is 500 torr. The total vapour pressure of the
solution is larger than that calculated by Roult’s law.
a) Does the solution shows positive or negative deviation of ideal behaviour?
b) Do you expect the heat of solution to be endothermic or isothermic?
c) Describe the interaction between A and B molecules
d) Draw a plot of vapour pressure versus mole fraction for this solution.
2. Normal boiling point of acetone is 56.1oC
a) Does the mixture exhibits a maximum or minimum boiling point azeotrope?
b) Sketch a temperature –composition diagram phase of chloroform and acetone
3. The following diagram represents the phase diagram of CO2.
Pressure (atm)
P
Q
52 O
-57 Temperature (oC)
a) Write a mathematical relationship for the phase rule
b) State the degree of freedom along OP lines
c) Describe the physical state of CO2 at standard condition and also at the point
labelled in the phase diagram
4. Two metals, A and B form a eutectic mixture at 136oC with the eutectic composition
of 45oC. The melting point s of A and B are 365oC and 280oC respectively.
a) Define eutectic mixture
b) Sketch and label a eutectic diagram. What is the physical state of mixture
consisting of 70% B when the mixture is cooled from 300oC to 200oC.
5. Propanone (boiling point= 56.3oC) and trichloromethane (boiling point=61.8oC) forms
a mixture which shows negative deviation from Roult’s law, witha minimum pressure
at 0.5 mol fraction of propanone
a) Sketch the vapour pressure-composition graph for the
propanone/trichloromethane mixture
b) Sketch the boiling point –composition graph for the propanone/trichloromethane
mixture
c) Explain why a minimum point occurs at a 0.5 mol fraction of propanone
d) Explain what happens when a mixture containing 0.65 mol fraction of propanone
is subjected to a fractional distillation
CHM431 TUTORIAL 5 SEM MAC 2016
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
6. a) Explain how the vapour pressure, the boiling point and the freezing point of a
liquid are affected by the addition of a non-volatile solute.
b) The vapour pressure of benzene at T K is 16 kPa. When 12.5 g of solid Q is
added to 150 g of benzene, the vapour pressure of the solution at the same
temperature is 15.2 kPa. Calculate the relative molecular mass of Q.
7. Propan-1-ol (boiling point=97oC) and water (boiling point=88oC) with composition of
72% propan-1-ol by mass.
a) what do you understand by the term azeotrope?
b) Sketch the boiling point-composition graph of a mixture of propan-1-ol and water.
c) Describe with the aid of your sketch, what happens when a mixture containing
50% propan-1-ol is fractionallt distilled.
8. Benzene and methylbenzene form an ideal solution. The vapour pressure of benzene
and methylbenzene are 12.7 kPa and 3.9kPa respectively at 298 K.
a) state Roult’s law
b) draw and label the vapour pressure-composition graph of a mixture of benzene
and methylbenzene
c) determine from the graph, the vapour pressure ofa mixture containing 2 mol of
benzene and 3 mol of methylbenzene
d) explain quantitatively how the vapour pressure of methylbenzene is affected by
the addition of benzene
e) how can a mixture of benzene and methylbenzene be separated into their
components?
9. A mixture of two liquids P and Q shows ideal behaviour. The vapour pressure (at 298
K) of P and Q are 80 kPa and 65 kPa respectively. A solution was prepared where
the mole fraction of Q is 0.6.
a) calculate the vapor pressure of the solution at 298 K
b) What is the composition of the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid mixture at 298
K?
10. Calculate the molecular weight of sulfur if 35.5 grams of sulfur dissolve in 100.0
grams of CS2 to produce a solution that has a boiling point of 49.48 oC.
11 . Determine the molecular weight of acetic acid if a solution that contains 30.0 grams
of acetic acid per kilogram of water freezes at -0.93oC. Do these results agree with
the assumption that acetic acid has the formula CH3CO2H?
12. Explain why an 0.100 m solution of HCl dissolved in benzene has a freezing point
depression of 0.512oC, while an 0.100 m solution of HCl in water has a freezing point
depression of 0.352oC.
13. Ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂) is a common automobile antifreeze. It is water-soluble and
fairly nonvolatile (Boiling point = 197°C). Calculate the freezing point of the solution
containing 651 g of this substance in 2505 g of water. (Kf of water is 1.86 °C/m, Tf = -
7.79°C (Answer)
14. Pure benzene has a normal freezing point of 5.5°C. A solution containing 11.4 grams
of a molecular substance dissolved in 150.0 grams of benzene (Kf = 5.12 °C/m) has
a freezing point of 1.2°C. What is the molar mass of the solute?
(molar mass = 90.49 g/mol (Answer)
CHM431 TUTORIAL 5 SEM MAC 2016
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
15. Calculate the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 50.0 g of sucrose in 200.0
g of water. Kb water is 0.512 °C/m Tb = 100.374°C (Answer)
16. How many grams of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) must be added to 37.8 g of water to
give a
17. An aqueous solution of a molecular compound freezes at – 0.0860C. What is the
molality of the solution? (Kf= 1.858 0C/m) m = 4.6 x 10-2 m
