Prismatic open channel flow solutions: Normal and Critical depths, and Gradually Var

by Gilberto E. Urroz, November 2005

This Excel workbook contains worksheets for solving the solution of prismatic open channel flow cases including calcula
as gradually varied flow solutions in the form of a table.

The workbook contains the following worksheets:

D
TRAPEZOIDAL-Depths: Calculation of normal and critical depths for the following cross-sections: non-symmetric trapez
triangular, symmetric triangular, half-trapezoidal, half-triangular, and rectangular.
TRAPEZOIDAL-G.V.F.: Uses the data from the TRAPEZOIDAL-Depths worksheet to calculate a table of distances-vs-de
cross-sections listed above. The user needs to provide the starting and ending values of the depth as well as the depth
WIDE-Depths&G.V.F.: Solution for normal and critical depth, as well as gradually varied flow in wide-and-shallow flow, i.
rectangular cross-section with the width b at least 10 times larger than the depth y.
CIRCULAR-Depths: Calculation of normal and critical depths for a circular cross-section.
CIRCULAR-G.V.F.: Uses the data from the CIRCULAR-Depths worksheet to calculate a table of distances-vs-depths fo
section. The user needs to provide the starting and ending values of the depth as well as the depth increment to be use
CIRCULAR-G.V.F.-Full: Use it if Q > Qmax for a circular channel (i.e., no normal flow depth can be calculated). Does no
PARABOLIC-Depths: Calculation of normal and critical depths for a parabolic cross-section..
PARABOLIC-G.V.F.: Uses the data from the PARABOLIC-Depths worksheet to calculate a table of distances-vs-depths
cross-section. The user needs to provide the starting and ending values of the depth as well as the depth increment to b
al depths, and Gradually Varied Flow - Excel application
November 2005

hannel flow cases including calculation of the normal and critical depths, as well

oss-sections: non-symmetric trapezoidal, symmetric trapezoidal, non-symmetric

calculate a table of distances-vs-depths for the gradually varied flow in one of the
es of the depth as well as the depth increment to be used.
ied flow in wide-and-shallow flow, i.e., an open channel of approximately

ction.
te a table of distances-vs-depths for the gradually varied flow in a circular cross-
ell as the depth increment to be used. Use it if Q < Qmax.
w depth can be calculated). Does not check crossing of the normal depth.
-section..
s
ulate a table of distances-vs-depths for the gradually varied flow in a circular
as well as the depth increment to be used.
 CEE 3500 - Open channel flow with non-symmetric trapezoidal cross-section - Urroz 11/2005
symmetric trapezoidal: m1 = m2 = m
non-symmetric triangular: b = 0
symmetric triangular: b = 0, m1=m2=m
half-trapezoidal: m1 = 0 or m2 = 0
half-triangular: m1 = 0 or m2 = 0, b = 0
rectangular: m1 = m2 = 0 (see figure)

Use c = 1.486 for English System and

Cross-section type: #VALUE! c = 1 for International System (metric)

GEOMETRY AND FLOW INFORMATION

b: 3 m1: 1 m2: 1 c: 1.486
Q: 40 So: 0.00025 n: 0.012 g: 32.2

UNIFORM FLOW
yo: 2.7509 Ao: 15.820 Po: 10.781 Bo: 8.502
EQ: 1.646E-05 (Rh)o: 1.467 (Dh)o: 1.861 Qo: 40.000
find yo Solved Vo: 2.528 Fo: 0.327 Final yo: 2.7509

CRITICAL FLOW
yc: 1.4868 A c: 6.671 Pc: 7.205 Bc: 5.974
EQ: 4.427E-05 (Rh)c: 0.926 (Dh)c: 1.117 Qc: 40.001
find yc Solved V c: 5.996 Fc: 1.000 Sc: 0.002599
Definitions:
A = cross-sectional area (m2 or ft2)
P = wetted perimeter (m or ft)
B = top width (m or ft)
Rh = A/P = hydraulic radius (m or ft)
Dh = A/B = hydraulic depth (m or ft)
c = Manning's equation units coefficient (1.0 - SI, 1.486 - ES)
g = acceleration of gravity (9.806 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2)
n = Manning's roughness coefficient
So = bed slope
Q = discharge
b = bottom width (m or ft)
m1, m2 = side slopes (m1H:1V, etc).
y = depth (m or ft)
yo = normal depth for uniform flow
yc = critical depth
Sc = critical slope
F = Froude number
V = velocity (m/s or ft/s)

NOTE: If the solution for

either equation ($E$21 or NOTE: DO NOT
$E$27) fails to converge, MODIFY CELLS WITH A
try a new starting value for COLORED
the unknown ($E$20 or BACKGROUND
$E$26)
 Gradually Varied Flow (G.V.F.) for trapezoidal, triangular, or rectangular cross-s

NOTE: Start with the TRAPEZOIDAL-Depths worksheet for solution of yo and yc.
Cross-section type: #VALUE! Units system:
GEOMETRY AND FLOW INFORMATION (from TRAPEZOIDAL-Depths worksheet
b: 3 m1: 1 m2: 1 c:
Q: 40 n: 0.012 So: 0.0002500 g:
yo: 2.7508991 yc: 1.4867527 Sc: 0.0025986
Solved Solved Slope type: #VALUE!

GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW INFORMATION

start y: 2.4 end y: 2 Dy: -0.04
at starting depth
Calculate G.V.F. profile GVF curve: M2 zo:

Wetted Hydraulic Flow Specific Average Average

Depth Area Perimeter Radius Velocity Energy Hyd. Rad. Velocity
y A P R = A/P V E `R `V
2.400 12.960 9.788 1.324 3.086 2.548 - -
2.360 12.650 9.675 1.307 3.162 2.515 1.316 3.124
2.320 12.342 9.562 1.291 3.241 2.483 1.299 3.202
2.280 12.038 9.449 1.274 3.323 2.451 1.282 3.282
2.240 11.738 9.336 1.257 3.408 2.420 1.266 3.365
2.200 11.440 9.223 1.240 3.497 2.390 1.249 3.452
2.160 11.146 9.109 1.224 3.589 2.360 1.232 3.543
2.120 10.854 8.996 1.207 3.685 2.331 1.215 3.637
2.080 10.566 8.883 1.189 3.786 2.303 1.198 3.735
2.040 10.282 8.770 1.172 3.890 2.275 1.181 3.838
2.000 10.000 8.657 1.155 4.000 2.248 1.164 3.945
gular, or rectangular cross-section Gradually Varied
1238
solution of yo and yc. NOTES 1237.5
Units system: E.S. 1 - Do not modify cells with a colored
background 1237
hs worksheet)
2 - Do not add or remove rows or columns
1236.5

z,WS
1.486 from this worksheet
32.2 1236
1235.5
1235
1234.5

Bed elevation
1234
at starting depth 1233.5
1235.000 1233
GVF profile graph 0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00
Bed Elevation
WS elevation
Energy Spec. En. Distance Cumulative Bed Water Surf.
Slope Increment Increment Distance Elevation Elevation
S DE Dx x z W.S. el.
- - - 0.00 1235 1237.400
0.0004415 0.0327 170.50 170.50 1234.96 1237.317
0.0004715 0.0322 145.24 315.74 1234.92 1237.241
0.0005041 0.0317 124.60 440.34 1234.89 1237.170
0.0005394 0.0311 107.45 547.80 1234.86 1237.103
0.0005779 0.0305 93.01 640.81 1234.84 1237.040
0.0006197 0.0298 80.71 721.52 1234.82 1236.980
0.0006653 0.0291 70.13 791.65 1234.80 1236.922
0.0007151 0.0283 60.95 852.60 1234.79 1236.867
0.0007696 0.0275 52.93 905.53 1234.77 1236.814
0.0008292 0.0266 45.89 951.42 1234.76 1236.762
 Gradually Varied Flow - Symmetric trapezoidal Channel

100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00
n
Position along channel (x)
 NOTE: DO NOT
CEE 3500 - Wide-and-shallow open channel flow (b/y>10) MODIFY CELLS
WITH A COLORED
Use c = 1.486 for English System and c = 1 for International System (metric) BACKGROUND

GEOMETRY AND FLOW INFORMATION

b: 1200 c: 1.486 g: 32.2
Select q or Q for input
q: 3.75 Q: 4500 So: 0.00015 n: 0.025

UNIFORM FLOW final value:

yo or (Rh)o: 2.6739 Vo: 1.402449 Fo: 0.1511427 yo: 2.6739
CRITICAL FLOW
yc or (Rh)c: 0.7587 Vc: 4.942679 Fc: 1 Sc: 0.009993

Wide ok for yo Wide ok for yc wide channel?

Gradually Varied Flow - Wide-and-shallow flow

1236

1235.8

1235.6
z,WS

1235.4

1235.2

1235

1234.8

1234.6
Bed0.00
Elevation2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
WS elevation Position along channel (x)
Gradually Varied Flow (G.V.F.) for wide-and-shallow flow

GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW INFORMATION

start y: 0.4 end y: 0.75 Dy: 0.05 Bed elevation
at starting depth Calculate G.V.F. profile
q: 3.75 Slope type: #VALUE! GVF curve: M3 zo: 1235.000

Depth Flow Specific Average Average Energy Spec. En. Distance Cumulative
or Rh Velocity Energy Hyd. Rad. Velocity Slope Increment Increment Distance
y V E `R `V S DE Dx x
0.400 9.375 1.765 - - - - - 0.00
0.450 8.333 1.528 0.425 8.854 0.064346 0.2364 3.68 3.68
0.500 7.500 1.373 0.475 7.917 0.044699 0.1549 3.48 7.16
0.550 6.818 1.272 0.525 7.159 0.032192 0.1016 3.17 10.33
0.600 6.250 1.207 0.575 6.534 0.023879 0.0653 2.75 13.08
0.650 5.769 1.167 0.625 6.010 0.018155 0.0397 2.21 15.29
0.700 5.357 1.146 0.675 5.563 0.014094 0.0212 1.52 16.81
0.750 5.000 1.138 0.725 5.179 0.011139 0.0074 0.68 17.49
 Definitions:
b = channel width (m or ft), not needed if q given
Q = discharge
q = Q/b = unit discharge
Rh = y = hydraulic radius (m or ft)
c = Manning's equation units coefficient (1.0 - SI, 1.486 - ES)
g = acceleration of gravity (9.806 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2)
n = Manning's roughness coefficient
Calculate G.V.F. profile So = bed slope
y = depth (m or ft)
yo = normal depth for uniform flow
yc = critical depth
Sc = critical slope
F = Froude number
V = velocity (m/s or ft/s)
Bed Water Surf.
Elevation Elevation
z W.S. el.
1235 1235.400
1235.00 1235.449
1235.00 1235.499
1235.00 1235.548
1235.00 1235.598
1235.00 1235.648
1235.00 1235.697
1235.00 1235.747
 CEE 2500 - Open channel flow with circular cross-section
Use c = 1.486 for English System and c = 1 for International System (metric)

GEOMETRY AND FLOW INFORMATION

D: 5 c: 1.486 g:
Q: 20.000 So: 0.00025 n:

UNIFORM FLOW - If yo calculation does not converge, check that Q<Qmax.

Solved yo: 1.8740 qo: 1.318 Ao: 6.721 Po:
EQ: -0.000679 (Rh)o: 1.020 (Dh)o: 0.200 Qo:
find yo
Bo: 4.841 Vo: 2.976 Fo: 1.173 Final yo:

CRITICAL FLOW
Solved yc: 1.2340 qc: 1.040 A c: 3.770 Pc:
EQ: 0.0001354 (Rh)c: 0.725 (Dh)c: 0.874 Qc:
find yc
Bc: 4.312 V c: 5.306 Fc: 1.000 Sc:

DISCHARGE AT FULL DEPTH (Qfull) and MAXIMUM DISCHARGE (Qmax) - Valid only for

Solved Qfull: 66.916835 qfull: 3.1416 Afull: 19.635 Pfull:

EQ: 0 (Rh)full: 1.250 (Dh)full: N/A Qmax:
find Q-full
yfull: 5 V c: 3.408 Ffull: N/A
Go to GVF solution
 Definitions:
A = cross-sectional area (m2 or ft2)
P = wetted perimeter (m or ft)
cross-section B = top width (m or ft)
Rh = A/P = hydraulic radius (m or ft)
tional System (metric) Dh = A/B = hydraulic depth (m or ft)
c = Manning's equation units coefficient (1.0 - SI, 1.486 - ES)
g = acceleration of gravity (9.806 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2)
n = Manning's roughness coefficient
32.2 So = bed slope
0.008 Q = discharge
D = diameter (m or ft)
y = depth (m or ft)
yo = normal depth for uniform flow
yc = critical depth
Sc = critical slope
F = Froude number
6.589 V = velocity (m/s or ft/s)
20.001
1.8740
NOTES: 1 - Make sure that the
initial guess for yo ($G$13) and yc
($G$19) is smaller than the
diameter D ($I$8) of the pipe.
NOTE: DO NOT MODIFY 2 - If the solution for either
5.199 equation ($G$14 or $G$20) fails
CELLS WITH A COLORED
20.001 BACKGROUND to converge, try a new starting
0.03539 value for the unknown ($G$13 or
$G$19)

NOTES: 1 - The maximum value of Q for uniform, given in cell

Valid only for So>0 $M$29, is calculated as Qmax = 1.02Qfull, for yo = 0.95D.
2 - There are two possible values of y that will result in Q = Qfull,one
is, of course, y = D, the other one is approximately equal to 0.9D.
15.708 Thus, if you make Q =Qfull (cell $I$9) and then try to find yo (cell
$G$13), you may find the value of 0.9D rather than D. To force yo =
68.255
D, start the solution for yo with yo = 0.99D. If you start the solution
with an initial guess close to or smaller than 0.9D, you will, most
Go to GVF solution likely, get yo = 0.99D as the normal depth.
 Gradually Varied Flow (G.V.F.) for circular cross-section if Q<Q

NOTE: Start with the CIRCULAR-Depths worksheet for solution of y o and yc.
Units system:
GEOMETRY AND FLOW INFORMATION (from CIRCULAR-Depths worksheet)
D: 5 c:
Q: 20 n: 0.008 So: 0.0002500 g:
yo: 1.8740037 yc: 1.2340232 Sc: 0.0353904 Qmax:
Solved Solved Slope type: #VALUE!

GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW INFORMATION

start y: 0.72 end y: 0.42 Dy: -0.02
at starting depth
Calculate G.V.F. profile GVF curve: M3 zo:

Central Wetted Hydraulic Flow Specific Average

Depth Half-angle Area Perimeter Radius Velocity Energy Hyd. Rad.
y q A P R = A/P V E `R
0.72 0.778 1.741 3.892 0.447 11.490 2.770 -
0.7 0.767 1.671 6.400 0.261 11.970 2.925 0.354
0.68 0.755 1.602 6.360 0.252 12.486 3.101 0.256
0.66 0.744 1.534 6.320 0.243 13.040 3.300 0.247
0.64 0.732 1.466 6.280 0.234 13.638 3.528 0.238
0.62 0.720 1.400 6.240 0.224 14.285 3.789 0.229
0.6 0.707 1.335 6.200 0.215 14.985 4.087 0.220
0.58 0.695 1.270 6.160 0.206 15.747 4.430 0.211
0.56 0.682 1.207 6.120 0.197 16.576 4.827 0.202
0.54 0.670 1.144 6.080 0.188 17.483 5.286 0.193
0.52 0.657 1.082 6.040 0.179 18.477 5.821 0.184
0.5 0.644 1.022 6.000 0.170 19.572 6.448 0.175
0.48 0.630 0.962 5.960 0.161 20.781 7.186 0.166
0.46 0.616 0.904 5.920 0.153 22.123 8.059 0.157
0.44 0.602 0.847 5.880 0.144 23.618 9.101 0.148
0.42 0.588 0.791 5.840 0.135 25.292 10.353 0.140
circular cross-section if Q<Qmax Grad

ution of yo and yc. NOTES

1 - This worksheet is used if Q<Qmax
Units system: E.S. 2 - Do not modify cells with a colored background
3 - Do not add or remove rows or columns from this

z,WS
1.486 worksheet
32.2
68.255172
Solved

Bed elevation GVF profile graph

at starting depth
1245.000 Return to DEPTHS
-100.00 -90.00 -80.00
Bed Elevation
WS elevation
Average Energy Spec. En. Distance Cumulative Bed Water Surf.
Velocity Slope Increment Increment Distance Elevation Elevation
`V S DE Dx x z W.S. el.
- - - - 0.00 1245 1245.720
11.730 0.0159166 -0.1549 -9.89 -9.89 1245.00 1245.702
12.228 0.0265952 -0.1757 -6.67 -16.56 1245.00 1245.684
12.763 0.0304189 -0.1998 -6.62 -23.18 1245.01 1245.666
13.339 0.0349465 -0.2278 -6.56 -29.75 1245.01 1245.647
13.962 0.0403371 -0.2603 -6.49 -36.24 1245.01 1245.629
14.635 0.0467928 -0.2984 -6.41 -42.65 1245.01 1245.611
15.366 0.0545724 -0.3433 -6.32 -48.97 1245.01 1245.592
16.161 0.0640101 -0.3963 -6.22 -55.19 1245.01 1245.574
17.030 0.075541 -0.4595 -6.10 -61.29 1245.02 1245.555
17.980 0.0897376 -0.5353 -5.98 -67.27 1245.02 1245.537
19.025 0.1073607 -0.6266 -5.85 -73.12 1245.02 1245.518
20.176 0.1294324 -0.7377 -5.71 -78.83 1245.02 1245.500
21.452 0.1573428 -0.8738 -5.56 -84.39 1245.02 1245.481
22.870 0.1930068 -1.0420 -5.41 -89.80 1245.02 1245.462
24.455 0.2390996 -1.2519 -5.24 -95.04 1245.02 1245.444
 Gradually Varied Flow - Circular Channel
1245.8

1245.6

1245.4

1245.2

1245

1244.8

1244.6
00.00 -90.00 -80.00 -70.00 -60.00 -50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00
Bed Elevation
WS elevation Position along channel (x)
 Gradually Varied Flow (G.V.F.) for circular cross-section if Q>Q

NOTE: Start with the CIRCULAR-Depths worksheet for solution of y o and yc.
Units system:
GEOMETRY AND CRITICAL DEPTH INFORMATION (from CIRCULAR-Depths worksheet
D: 5 c:
Q: 20 n: 0.013 So: 0.0005000 g:
yc: 1.2340232 Sc: 0.0353904 Qmax:
Solved Slope type: #VALUE!

GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW INFORMATION

start y: 3.2 end y: 4.9 Dy: 0.1
at starting depth
Calculate G.V.F. profile GVF curve: M1 zo:

Central Wetted Hydraulic Flow Specific Average

Depth Half-angle Area Perimeter Radius Velocity Energy Hyd. Rad.
y q A P R = A/P V E `R
3.2 1.855 13.271 9.273 1.431 1.507 3.235 -
3.3 1.897 13.748 11.600 1.185 1.455 3.333 1.308
3.4 1.939 14.218 11.800 1.205 1.407 3.431 1.195
3.5 1.982 14.681 12.000 1.223 1.362 3.529 1.214
3.6 2.026 15.134 12.200 1.241 1.321 3.627 1.232
3.7 2.071 15.578 12.400 1.256 1.284 3.726 1.248
3.8 2.118 16.011 12.600 1.271 1.249 3.824 1.264
3.9 2.165 16.432 12.800 1.284 1.217 3.923 1.277
4 2.214 16.839 13.000 1.295 1.188 4.022 1.290
4.1 2.265 17.232 13.200 1.305 1.161 4.121 1.300
4.2 2.319 17.607 13.400 1.314 1.136 4.220 1.310
4.3 2.375 17.964 13.600 1.321 1.113 4.319 1.317
4.4 2.434 18.300 13.800 1.326 1.093 4.419 1.324
4.5 2.498 18.613 14.000 1.330 1.075 4.518 1.328
4.6 2.568 18.899 14.200 1.331 1.058 4.617 1.330
4.7 2.647 19.154 14.400 1.330 1.044 4.717 1.331
4.8 2.739 19.372 14.600 1.327 1.032 4.817 1.328
4.9 2.858 19.541 14.800 1.320 1.023 4.916 1.324
circular cross-section if Q>Qmax Grad

ution of yo and yc. NOTES

1 - This worksheet is used if Q>Qmax, no uniform flow is
Units system: E.S. possible, thus yo is not solved for.
R-Depths worksheet) 2 - Do not modify cells with a colored background

z,WS
1.486 3 - Do not add or remove rows or columns from this
worksheet
32.2
68.255172
Solved

Bed elevation GVF profile graph

at starting depth
1245.000 Return to DEPTHS
-100.00 -90.00 -80.00
Bed Elevation
WS elevation
Average Energy Spec. En. Distance Cumulative Bed Water Surf.
Velocity Slope Increment Increment Distance Elevation Elevation
`V S DE Dx x z W.S. el.
- - - - 0.00 1245 1248.200
1.481 0.0001173 -0.0976 255.03 255.03 1244.87 1248.172
1.431 0.0001235 -0.0979 259.94 514.97 1244.74 1248.143
1.384 0.0001133 -0.0981 253.64 768.61 1244.62 1248.116
1.342 0.0001044 -0.0983 248.45 1017.06 1244.49 1248.091
1.303 9.661E-05 -0.0985 244.12 1261.18 1244.37 1248.069
1.266 8.987E-05 -0.0986 240.49 1501.68 1244.25 1248.049
1.233 8.398E-05 -0.0988 237.43 1739.10 1244.13 1248.030
1.202 7.883E-05 -0.0989 234.83 1973.93 1244.01 1248.013
1.174 7.434E-05 -0.0990 232.61 2206.54 1243.90 1247.997
1.148 7.042E-05 -0.0991 230.73 2437.27 1243.78 1247.981
1.125 6.702E-05 -0.0992 229.14 2666.41 1243.67 1247.967
1.103 6.409E-05 -0.0993 227.80 2894.21 1243.55 1247.953
1.084 6.159E-05 -0.0994 226.69 3120.89 1243.44 1247.940
1.066 5.949E-05 -0.0995 225.79 3346.68 1243.33 1247.927
1.051 5.779E-05 -0.0995 225.10 3571.78 1243.21 1247.914
1.038 5.65E-05 -0.0996 224.63 3796.40 1243.10 1247.902
1.028 5.565E-05 -0.0997 224.40 4020.81 1242.99 1247.890
 Gradually Varied Flow - Circular Channel
1245.8

1245.6

1245.4

1245.2

1245

1244.8

1244.6
00.00 -90.00 -80.00 -70.00 -60.00 -50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00
Bed Elevation
WS elevation Position along channel (x)
CEE 3500 - Open channel flow with parabolic cross-section - Urroz 11/2005

Use c = 1.486 for English System and c = 1 for International System (

GEOMETRY AND FLOW INFORMATION

B: 20 y: 6.4 c:
Q: 45 So: 0.015 n:

UNIFORM FLOW
yo: 1.2380 Ao: 7.260 Po:
EQ: -5E-06 (Rh)o: 0.786 (Dh)o:
find yo Solved Vo: 6.198 Fo:

CRITICAL FLOW
yc: 1.3575 Ac: 8.336 Pc:
EQ: 8.008E-05 (Rh)c: 0.858 (Dh)c:
find yc Solved Vc: 5.398 Fc:
 Definitions:
A = cross-sectional area (m2 or ft2)
n - Urroz 11/2005 P = wetted perimeter (m or ft)
B = reference top width (m or ft)
System and c = 1 for International System (metric) y = reference depth (m or ft)
Rh = A/P = hydraulic radius (m or ft)
Dh = A/B = hydraulic depth (m or ft)
1.486 g: 32.2 c = Manning's equation units coefficient (1.0 - SI, 1.486 - ES)
0.025 g = acceleration of gravity (9.806 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2)
n = Manning's roughness coefficient
So = bed slope
Q = discharge
yo = normal depth for uniform flow
9.241 Bo: 8.796 yc = critical depth
Sc = critical slope
0.825 Qo: 45.000
F = Froude number
1.202 Final yo: 1.2380 V = velocity (m/s or ft/s)

9.720 Bc: 9.211 NOTE: If the solution for either

0.905 Qc: 0.000 equation ($E$21 or $E$27) NOTE: DO NOT MODIFY
fails to converge, try a new CELLS WITH A COLORED
1.000 Sc: 0.010121 starting value for the unknown BACKGROUND
($E$20 or $E$26)
6 - ES)

T MODIFY
COLORED
OUND
 Gradually Varied Flow (G.V.F.) for parabolic cross-section

NOTE: Start with the PARABOLIC-Depths worksheet for solution of yo and yc.
Units system:
GEOMETRY AND FLOW INFORMATION (from CIRCULAR-Depths worksheet)
B: 20 y: 6.4 c:
Q: 45 n: 0.025 So: 0.0150000 g:
yo: 1.2380249 yc: 1.35753 Sc: 0.0101213
Solved Solved Slope type: #VALUE!

GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW INFORMATION

start y: 1.1 end y: 0.7 Dy: -0.1
at starting depth
Calculate G.V.F. profile GVF curve: S3 zo:

Top Wetted Hydraulic Flow Specific Average

Depth Width Area Perimeter Radius Velocity Energy Hyd. Rad.
y B A P R = A/P V E `R
1.100 8.292 6.080 8.666 0.702 7.401 1.950 -
1.000 7.906 5.270 8.231 0.640 8.538 2.132 0.671
0.900 7.500 4.500 7.779 0.578 10.000 2.453 0.609
0.800 7.071 3.771 7.306 0.516 11.932 3.011 0.547
0.700 6.614 3.087 6.807 0.453 14.579 4.000 0.485
 for parabolic cross-section Gradu

olution of yo and yc. NOTES

1 - Do not modify cells
Units system: E.S. with a colored
background

z,WS
1.486 2 - Do not add or
remove rows or
32.2 columns from this
worksheet

Bed elevation
at starting depth
1560.000
-45.00 -40.00 -35.00
GVF profile graph Bed Elevation
WS elevation
Average Energy Spec. En. Distance Cumulative Bed Water Surf.
Velocity Slope Increment Increment Distance Elevation Elevation
`V S DE Dx x z W.S. el.
- - - - 0.00 1560 1561.100
7.969 0.0306016 -0.1815 -11.63 -11.63 1560.17 1561.175
9.269 0.0470661 -0.3208 -10.00 -21.64 1560.32 1561.225
10.966 0.07602 -0.5581 -9.15 -30.79 1560.46 1561.262
13.256 0.1305678 -0.9893 -8.56 -39.35 1560.59 1561.290
 Gradually Varied Flow - Parabolic Channel
1561.5

1561

1560.5

1560

1559.5

1559
5.00 -40.00 -35.00 -30.00 -25.00 -20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00
Bed Elevation
WS elevation Position along channel (x)