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MATH 411 Midterm Review Guide

This document provides a review of the key topics covered in MATH 411 Midterm I, including: 1) The structure of the real number system R as an ordered field and its completeness and density properties. 2) Concepts of sequences in a metric space such as convergence, Cauchy sequences, boundedness; results relating these concepts such as completeness of R and that bounded sequences have convergent subsequences. 3) Topology of a metric space including definitions of open and closed sets, accumulation points, and results about unions and intersections of open/closed sets and equivalent conditions for a set to be closed.

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113 views2 pages

MATH 411 Midterm Review Guide

This document provides a review of the key topics covered in MATH 411 Midterm I, including: 1) The structure of the real number system R as an ordered field and its completeness and density properties. 2) Concepts of sequences in a metric space such as convergence, Cauchy sequences, boundedness; results relating these concepts such as completeness of R and that bounded sequences have convergent subsequences. 3) Topology of a metric space including definitions of open and closed sets, accumulation points, and results about unions and intersections of open/closed sets and equivalent conditions for a set to be closed.

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MG
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MATH 411 Midterm I Review Notes

Fall 2022, S. Yang


Materials: Chapters 1-2 (except Sections 1.8 and 2.9).

I. Structure of R:
Construction of R; R as an ordered field; Completeness; Density of Q in R.
II. Sequences in a metric space
A. Definitions and concepts:

• Convergence of a sequence

• Cauchy, bounded, cluster point

• Sup, inf, limsup, liminf

• Complete metric spaces

B. Results and Relations

• Completeness of R (Lub, MSP, Cauchy property)

• Convergent sequence ⇒ Cauchy ⇒ Bounded

• Each bounded sequence in Rn has a convergent subsequence

• If a subsequence of a Cauchy sequence converges, the Cauchy sequence converges

C. Some tricks/techniques: How to show a sequence converges or has a convergent subseq

• Use definition, limit laws, MSP

• Cauchy sequence (in a complete metric space)

• Use results mentioned above

III. Topology of a metric space


A. Definitions and concepts:

• Open set, closed set

• interior, closure, boundary

• Accumulation point, limit point (of a set) - See Problem 19 on page 145

B. Results and Relations

• Intersections and unions (of open sets, closed sets).

1
• Equivalent conditions for a set A ⊂ M to be clased. TFAE:
(i) A is closed;
(ii) M \A is open;
(iii) A =cl(A);
(iv) A contains all of its limit points.

• Relation between completeness and closedness.

• Equivalent conditions for completeness (see exercises in 2.8).

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