A PROJECT ON

AUTOMATIC WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Session: 2015-2019

Group Members:
NAME: ABDUL HASEEB REG# :15SWTBTECE 182 ROLL NO:
1212
NAME: MOHSIN IQBAL REG#: 15SWT BTECE 197 ROLL NO:
1222
NAME: SYED NOOR SHAH REG#: 15SWTBTECE 195 ROLL NO:
1220

Supervised by:

SUPERVISOR NAME
Engr. Iqbal Munir

DEPARTMENT OF B. TECH ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

GOVERNMENTCOLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
MINGORA AWAT
 ABSTRACT

“The Automatic Water irrigation electrical control technology will improve irrigation
efficiency, promoting water conservation and reducing the environmental impacts. The
objectives of this project are to avoid wastage of water and increase irrigation efficiency
by using an Arduino micro controller based irrigation system. This will also improve the
traditional irrigation system in Pakistan, enabling the irrigation system to have high
efficiency and low water usage. The existing irrigation system being tedious, time
consuming and very wasteful in water usage. The micro controller based Automatic
water irrigation system gives the best feature than the traditional one”.

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 APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the work presented in this thesis Proposal, entitle “AUTOMATIC
WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM” was conducted by ABDUL HASEEB , SYED
NOOR SHAH and MOHSIN IQBAL under the supervision of IQBAL MUNIR is hereby
approved as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of BTECH degree in
ELECTRICAL.

Signature of Signature of
Supervisor Chairman

Signature of
External Examiner

ii
 DEDICATION

Dedicated to our beloved parents and teachers who enabled us and gives us the
opportunity to achieve our goals and aims and to the whole Humanity as we had tried our
best to serve humanity through this project.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, The most gracious, merciful, the most compassionate, the
One and only supreme power, the One who make everything possible, and the One
without Who’s will the simplest is impossible. We are thankful to our parents for their
prayers and support, as we could never have achieved this moment without them. We are
extremely grateful to our project supervisor IQBAL MUNIR for his guidance, support and
motivation we needed and also for the constructive criticism as it would have difficult to
complete this project without his support. It is also an honor for us to thank our
departmental staff for their support and encouragement during the course of our project.
Last but not least we are thankful to our well-wishers.

Students 1 Abdulhaseeb
2 Syed Noor Shah
3 Mohsin iqbal

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................i
“The Automatic Water irrigation electrical control technology will improve irrigation
efficiency, promoting water conservation and reducing the environmental impacts. The
objectives of this project are to avoid wastage of water and increase irrigation efficiency
by using an Arduino micro controller based irrigation system. This will also improve the
traditional irrigation system in Pakistan, enabling the irrigation system to have high
efficiency and low water usage. The existing irrigation system being tedious, time
consuming and very wasteful in water usage. The micro controller based Automatic
water irrigation system gives the best feature than the traditional one”...............................i
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE.............................................................................................ii
DEDICATION...................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................iv
Chapter 1..............................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................1
1. Automatic Water Irrigation System.................................................................................1
1.1.1 What is automatic water irrigation system?........................................................1
1.2 Background of the project.........................................................................................2
1.3 Problem Statement.....................................................................................................2
1.4 Objectives of the Project............................................................................................3
1.5 Scope of the project...............................................................................................3
Chapter 2..............................................................................................................................4
Literature review..................................................................................................................4
2.1 Literature review........................................................................................................4
2.2 Traditional irrigation..................................................................................................4
2.3 Smart irrigation..........................................................................................................4
2.3.1 Drip irrigation.........................................................................................................4
2.3.2 Sprinkler irrigation..................................................................................................6
Chapter 3..............................................................................................................................7
Working Methodology.........................................................................................................7
3.1 System Diagram.........................................................................................................7
3.2 Working of the system...............................................................................................8
3.3 Flow Chart.................................................................................................................8
3.4 Interfacing..................................................................................................................9

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 3.4.1 Soil moisture interfacing with Arduino..............................................................9
3.4.2 Rain Sensor interfacing with Arduino..............................................................10
3.4.3 Relay board interfacing with Arduino..................................................................11
Chapter 4............................................................................................................................12
Hardware............................................................................................................................12
4.1 Arduino Uno............................................................................................................12
4.1.2 Basic feature of Arduino Uno Board:...................................................................13
4.2 Soil moisture sensor:................................................................................................14
4.3 Rain Sensor..............................................................................................................15
4.4 Water pump.............................................................................................................16
4.5 Relay........................................................................................................................17
4.5.1 Function:...............................................................................................................17
Chapter 5............................................................................................................................18
Software.............................................................................................................................18
5.1 Arduino Programming language..............................................................................18
5.2 Arduino IDE............................................................................................................18
5.2.1 Serial Monitor:......................................................................................................18
5.3.2 Pin Definitions......................................................................................................19
5.4 Arduino Code:.........................................................................................................19
5.5 Wiring diagram:.......................................................................................................22
Chapter 6............................................................................................................................23
Conclusion/Result and Recommendation..........................................................................23
6.1 Conclusion/Result....................................................................................................23
6.2 Recommendation.....................................................................................................23
Refernces…………………………………………………………………………………24

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 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Drip irrigation------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

Figure 2 Sprinkler irrigation------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Figure 3 Block Diagram of Smart Irrigation-----------------------------------------------------7
Figure 4 Flow Chart of Automatic Water Irrigation---------------------------------------------8
Figure 5 Soil moisture interfacing with Arduino------------------------------------------------9
Figure 6 Rain Sensor interfacing with Arduino------------------------------------------------10
Figure 7 Relay board interfacing with Arduino------------------------------------------------11
Figure 8 Arduino Uno……………………………………………………………………12
Figure 9 Feature of Arduino …………………………………………………….………13
Figure 10 Soil moisture sensor……..……………………………………………………15
Figure 11 Rain Sensor …………………………………………………………………..15
Figure 12 Water pump …………………………………………………………………..16
Figure 13 Relay Function……………………………………………………………...…17
Figure 14 Serial Monitor………………………………………………………………..18
Figure 15 Wiring diagram-------------------------------------------------------------------------22

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Chapter 1
Introduction

1. Automatic Water Irrigation System

1.1.1 What is automatic water irrigation system?
Irrigation is the process of watering the plants, crops, trees at required times on a
controlled way for the purpose to:
 Supply moisture essential for plant growth.
 Encourage plant root development.

 Cool the soil and atmosphere.

 Create favorable condition for plant growth.

 Transport nutrients from soil to plant.

In Pakistan, agriculture is the need of most of the Pakistanis source of income and it is
one of the main source of income. Agriculture also has a major impact on economy of the
country. The consumption of water increases day by day that may leads to the problem of
water scarcity.

This system is designed to observe the field/farm’s status whether the corps required
water, if the corps needed water the system gets signal and start the water pump and
irrigate the crops. Therefore when the required amount is fed into the field, the system
power off the water pumps (keyed with electric motor by shaft). Therefore efficient use
of water for irrigation, labor cost, etc., drives the need for highly efficient automated
water irrigation systems. The automatic water Irrigation is a method of supplying water
for irrigation. It is suitable for almost all fields, crops as well as Vegetables and gardens:
Residential, Industrial, Hotel, Resorts, Public & Government Enterprises, Golf Links,
Race Courses.

1
1.2 Background of the project
Pakistan is a populated country. It has been estimated that seventy five percent of our
population is related to agriculture sector. The present irrigation system is almost hundred
years old. The management of current irrigation system is big challenge. About 25% of
the irrigated area of Pakistan is affected by waterlogging and salinity/ sodicity problems.
The crop yield in Pakistan is on the lower side. The current estimated irrigation efficiency
in Pakistan is 35.5%. This means that only 35.5% of the water that reaches the fields is
actually used by the crops. An estimated 41.6 MAF of groundwater is pumped annually
in Pakistan of which more than 90% is used for irrigation. To meet the food need of the
ever-growing population, an efficient use of water is a must for sustainable agricultural
growth and agriculture-oriented activities to gain more benefits from this sector.
Increases in agricultural production will require additional water. Based on the population
growth projections, an estimated additional 10 MAF of water will be needed at the farm
gate by 2025.
These days the importance of agriculture is not to be understated. The scientists are trying
since some decades to maximize the output of agriculture using less resources including
human resource, seeds, less treatment of corps and less and proper use of water resource.
Water is also a valuable resource and therefore its usage should be in an efficient manner.
Also, water scarcity is one of the most important factors driving growth in agriculture-
based industries in Pakistan. To keep this points in mind we are going to design the smart
irrigation system in order to modernize, digitalize, minimize the human intervention and
time saving the smart irrigation system is a suitable and useful system needed nowadays.

1.3 Problem Statement

Irrigation system has lasted from decades, in Pakistan which is traditional. Farmers are
traditionally accustomed to directing flood (surface) water for supplementing their crops
(spate irrigation). These irrigation systems have many drawbacks like wastage of water,
high labor cost, timing problem, uniformity of water supply, so that each plant will not
get the amount of water it needs, either too much or too little. Since the system is
uncontrolled the soil sometimes soaked too much .These systems have low requirements
for infrastructure and technical equipment but need high labor inputs. So our project

2
comes up with a remedy to solve the above problem with high efficiency and low water
usage.

1.4 Objectives of the Project

The general objective of the project is to design automated control water irrigation on
small scale to fulfill our degree requirements and the design of this project could use for
small, medium and large scale as well as for the development of irrigation in our country.
Also the project help us to get more familiar with Arduino, moisture sensor and rain
sensor. So far we have only been able to view the theoretical side of the them but after
the project completion we are sure to get familiar with practical side of it . Therefore, we
wish to build a base upon which more advanced application of the irrigation systems are
built in future. To be more specific the objectives of the project can be listed as follows.

1. To design and implement a control system of water irrigation.

2. To minimize human intervention in agricultural irrigation industry.

3. To improve automation, control, and distribution technology in irrigation system.

4. To increase irrigation water utilization efficiency.

5. To enhance the transfer of irrigation technologies and management alternatives

emphasizing economic and environmental benefits.

1.5 Scope of the project

The scope of this project is to design the system to irrigate farm fields on efficient way.
Automatic water irrigation system in this project takes water from (water reservoir) water
tap to irrigate a small area by automated control system and the principle can be
extended to a higher to large scale farms and small scale PAKISTANIS farmers land
irrigation for farmers specially who live in a place where water is very scares and water
can be stored in well and/or there is another water body like lake, river, ….etc but not
suitable to surface irrigation system with the same control philosophy but pump- motor
assembly instead of water tap with solenoid valve.

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Chapter 2
Literature review

2.1 Literature review

There are two ways of irrigation which are traditional irrigation and smart irrigation

i) Traditional irrigation

ii) Smart irrigation

2.2 Traditional irrigation

In traditional methods water is taken from the irrigation canals, channels on the gravity
principles, or water pumps which supply the carried water to furrows or strips which are
made in the field. In this system water is take to the fields through channels or pipes
connected with a water pump while pump takes water from a lake, river, bore well to
farming field. This system is widely used in farming irrigation system. this system has
low cost system for irrigating a large area farming field. In this system the farmer fully
engaged for irrigating the crop field with number of workers. Huge amount of water
waste and large number of workers are engaged during watering.

2.3 Smart irrigation

The smart irrigation method are further divide into two types which are

i) Drip irrigation

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 ii) Sprinkler irrigation

2.3.1 Drip irrigation

In this system water falls drop by drop at the position of the roots. It is the best
technology for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. Water flow through a main pipe
and divided into sub pipes. Special prepared nozzles are attached to these sub pipes . In
this system waste of water is very less and No worker need for irrigating. This system is
suitable for domestic garden trees, trees along the roads sides etc. The water is
continusely fed to the pipes or can be in specific times.

5
 Figure 1 Drip irrigation

2.3.2 Sprinkler irrigation

In this system the water is spray over the crops through the sprinkler. Sprinkler is feed
from the pipes which take water from water reservoir. This system is more useful where
the water is available in smaller quantity. When pump started then water flow through
main pipe and also flow through the perpendicular pipes. A nozzle on the top of
perpendicular pipe is joined and rotating automatically at regular intervals. This system is
similar to rain and is very useful on the sandy soil. Less number of worker required and
water waste is less.

Figure 2 Sprinkler irrigation

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Above systems are generally operate by a user and has the drawbacks of water wastage,
flooding, (wastage of seeds) time consuming and engagement of large amount workers,
but a smart irrigation tells that the total system is controlled by autonomous mean
automatically control the total irrigation system whether the farmer is not present in his
farm field and send messages to the farmer about the information of farm field. Which
require no worker for operating, and also less waste of water with compared to previous
three methods.

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Chapter 3
Working Methodology
The system basically consists of three blocks which are input, control and output block.
The control block is an Arduino microcontroller which takes input signal from input
block, process it, as programmed, and then provide signal to the output block

3.1 System Diagram

Input Block Control Block Output Block

SOIL RELAY
MOISTURE
SENSOR

ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER
WATER
PUMP

1
RAIN
SENSOR

Figure 3 Block Diagram of Smart Irrigation

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3.2 Working of the system
The moisture sensor measure the moisture content in the soil if the moisture sensor is dry
then read the rain sensor, if the rain sensor is also dry then the D8 pin of Arduino
becomes high thus energize the relay coil. The relay switches ON the water pump. And
when the moisture sensor and rain sensor is wet, then the system will remain switch OFF.
And during the running condition if the rain start the system will switch OFF the motor
automatically

3.3 Flow Chart

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 Figure 4 Flow Chart of Automatic Water Irrigation

3.4 Interfacing
The components which are used in this project are interfaced with Arduino
microcontroller are as follow:

3.4.1 Soil moisture interfacing with Arduino

The VCC of moisture sensor is connected to 5v of Arduino’s pin, the GND is connected
to GND of Arduino and the A0 pin is connected to A0 pin of analog port of Arduino.

10
 Figure 5 Soil moisture interfacing with Arduino

3.4.2 Rain Sensor interfacing with Arduino

The VCC of rain sensor is connected to 5v of Arduino’s pin, the GND is connected to
GND of Arduino and the D0 pin is connected to D7 pin of digital port of Arduino.

Bread GND
Board
Vcc

D0

5V

GND
Rain Sensor

D7
Arduino UNO

Figure 6 Rain Sensor interfacing with Arduino

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3.4.3 Relay board interfacing with Arduino
The VCC of relay is connected to 5v of Arduino, GND is connected to GND of Arduino
and RC1 connected to D8 pin of digital port of Arduino.
Relay has three output terminals NC, NO and COM. the COM is Connected to Phase
wire of the 220v Supply and NO is connected to water pump.

5V
G
N
Water Pump D

D8

Arduino UNO
GND Vc
c

R
C1
Relay
Module

Figure 7 Relay board interfacing with Arduino

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13
Chapter 4
Hardware

4.1 Arduino Uno

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and
microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and
control objects in the physical world. The project's products are distributed as open-
source hardware and software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public
License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL),permitting the manufacture
of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available
commercially in preassembled form, or as do-it-yourself kits

Figure 8 Arduino Uno

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial
communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models,
which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers
are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C
and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains,
the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on the
Processing language project.

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4.1.2 Basic feature of Arduino Uno Board:
 Arduino Uno comes with USB interface i.e. USB port is added on the board to
develop serial communication with the computer.
 Atmega328 microcontroller is placed on the board that comes with a number of
features like timers, counters, interrupts, PWM, CPU, I/O pins and based on a
16MHz clock that helps in producing more frequency and number of instructions
per cycle.

Figure 9 Feature of Arduino Uno Board

 It is an open source platform where anyone can modify and optimize the board
based on the number of instructions and task they want to achieve.
 This board comes with a built-in regulation feature which keeps the voltage under
control when the device is connected to the external device.
 Reset pin is added in the board that reset the whole board and takes the running
program in the initial stage. This pin is useful when board hangs up in the middle
of the running program; pushing this pin will clear everything up in the program
and starts the program right from the beginning.
 There are 14 I/O digital and 6 analog pins incorporated in the board that allows
the external connection with any circuit with the board. These pins provide the
flexibility and ease of use to the external devices that can be connected through

15
 these pins. There is no hard and fast interface required to connect the devices to
the board. Simply plug the external device into the pins of the board that are laid
out on the board in the form of the header.
 The 6 analog pins are marked as A0 to A5 and come with a resolution of 10bits.
These pins measure from 0 to 5V, however, they can be configured to the high
range using analogReference() function and AREF pin.
 13KB of flash memory is used to store the number of instructions in the form of
code.
 Only 5 V is required to turn the board on, which can be achieved directly using
USB port or external adopter, however, it can support external power source up to
12 V which can be regulated and limit to 5 V or 3.3 V based on the requirement
of the project.

4.2 Soil moisture sensor:

Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in soil.
Measuring soil moisture is important in agriculture to help farmers manage their
irrigation systems more efficiently. Not only are farmers able to generally use less water
to grow a crop, they are able to increase yields and the quality of the crop by better
management of soil moisture during critical plant growth stages.
Besides agriculture, there are many other disciplines using soil moisture sensors. Golf
courses are now using sensors to increase the efficiencies of their irrigation systems to
prevent over watering and leaching of fertilizers and other chemicals offsite. Connecting
a soil moisture sensor to a simple irrigation clock will convert it into a "smart" irrigation
controller that prevents an irrigation cycle when the soil is wet.
Moisture Sensor usage in urban landscape irrigation will only increase over the next
decade.

16
 Figure 10 Soil moisture sensor

4.3 Rain Sensor

A rain sensor or rain switch is a switching device activated by rainfall. Raindrop sensor is

basically a board on which nickel is coated in the form of lines. It works on the principal
of resistance. The rain sensor detects water that completes the circuits on its sensor
boards' printed leads. The sensor board acts as a variable resistor that will change from
100k ohms when wet to 2M ohms when dry. In short, the wetter the board the more
current that will be conducted which indicates that there is raining.

Figure.11 Rain Sensor

4.4 Water pump

A pump is a device that moves fluids or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps
can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the
fluid direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. Pumps are operated by some

17
mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform
mechanical work to move the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources, including
manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power. Pumps has many sizes, from
microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps.
Pumps are of different ratings, sizes are available in market. In this project a DC operated
(12v, 1.2A) motor/pump is being used for pumping water from the reservoir into the
sprinkler.

Figure 4.12 Water pump

4.5 Relay
The relay is the device that open or closes the contacts to cause the operation of the other
electric control.

4.5.1 Function:
Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically.
Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit. As
relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is normally open (NO), there is an open
contact when the relay is not energized. When a relay contact is Normally Closed (NC),
there is a closed contact when the relay is not energized. In either case, applying
electrical current to the contacts will change their state.

18
Relays are generally used to switch smaller currents in a control circuit and do not
usually control power consuming devices except for small motors and Solenoids that
draw low amps. Nonetheless, relays can "control" larger voltages and amperes by having
an amplifying effect because a small voltage applied to a relays coil can result in a large
voltage being switched by the contacts.
Protective relays can prevent equipment damage by detecting electrical abnormalities,
including overcurrent, undercurrent, overloads and reverse currents. In addition, relays
are also widely used to switch starting coils, heating elements, pilot lights and audible
alarms.

Figure 13 Relay function

Chapter 5
Software

5.1 Arduino Programming language

Arduino code is written in C++ with an addition of special methods and functions, which
we’ll mention later on. C++ is a human-readable programming language. When you
create a ‘sketch’ (the name given to Arduino code files), it is processed and compiled to
machine language.

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5.2 Arduino IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the main text editing
program used for Arduino programming. It is where will be typing up code before
uploading it to the board in order to program. Arduino code is referred to as sketches.

5.2.1 Serial Monitor:

The serial monitor is used mainly for interacting with the Arduino board using the
computer, and is a great tool for real-time monitoring and debugging. In order to use the
monitor, it must need to use the Serial class.

Figure 14 Serial Monitor

5.3 Code Structure:

5.3.1 Libraries
In Arduino, much like other leading programming platforms, there are built-in libraries
that provide basic functionality. In addition, it’s possible to import other libraries and
expand the Arduino board capabilities and features. These libraries are roughly divided
into libraries that interact with a specific component or those that implement new
functions.

5.3.2 Pin Definitions

To use the Arduino pins, its need to define which pin is being used and its functionality.
A convenient way to define the used pins is by using:

20
‘#define pinNamepinNumber’.
The functionality is either input or output and is defined by using the pinMode () method
in the setup section.

5.4 Arduino Code:

#include <Megatronics_pk_lcd.h>// Include lcd library
Megatronics_pk_lcd lcd (7, 6, 4, 5); // lcd connected to digital pins (7,6,4,5)
int relay=8; // create a variable integer called 'relay'
int m=0; // create a variable integer called 'm'
int rain = 9; // create a variable integer called 'rain'
int val; // create a variable that stored rain sensor data
void setup() {
[Link](); //LCD initialization
lcd.Clear_LCD(); //Clear LCD
pinMode(A0, INPUT_PULLUP); // initialize Analog Pin A0 as an INPUT PIN with the
internal pull-up resistor enabled:
pinMode(relay,OUTPUT); // initialize Digital Pin relay is OUTPUT PIN
pinMode(rain,INPUT); // initialize Digital Pin rain is INPUT PIN
pinMode(Greenled,OUTPUT); // initialize Digital Pin Greenled is OUTPUT PIN
pinMode(Redled,OUTPUT); // initialize Digital Pin Red is OUTPUT PIN
[Link](9600); //Setting the baud rate of Serial Monitor (Arduino)
}
void loop() {
int m= analogRead(A0);// Read the Analog INPUT PIN A0
[Link](m); // Print the value of A0 On Serial Monitor

val = digitalRead(9); //Read the Digital INPUT PIN 7

delay(1000); // update sensor reading each one second
if (m>500) // if soil moisture sensor value greater then 500
{digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);} // Turn on relay
if(val==1) // if rain sensor value = 1

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{digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);} // Turn on relay
if(m>500) // if soil moisture sensor value greater then 500
{digitalWrite(Greenled,HIGH);} // Turn on Greenled
if(val==1) // if rain sensor value = 1
{digitalWrite(Greenled,HIGH);} // Turn on Greenled
if(m>500) // if soil moisture sensor value greater then 500
{digitalWrite(Redled,LOW);} // Turn off Redled
if(val==1) // if rain sensor value = 1
{digitalWrite(Redled,LOW);} // Turn off Redled

if (m<500) // if soil moisture sensor value less then 500

{digitalWrite(relay,LOW);} // Turn off relay
if(val==0) // if rain sensor value = 0
{digitalWrite(relay,LOW);} // Turn off relay
if(m<500) // if soil moisture sensor value less then 500
{digitalWrite(Redled,HIGH);} // Turn on Redled
if(val==0) // if rain sensor value = 0
{digitalWrite(Redled,HIGH);} // Turn on Redled
if(m<500) // if soil moisture sensor value less then 500
{digitalWrite(Greenled,LOW);} // Turn off Greenled
if(val==0) // if rain sensor value = 0
{digitalWrite(Greenled,LOW);} // Turn off Greenled
[Link](15, 3, 1, " WELCOM TO "); //X-Pos (0-95), Y-Pos (0-67), Pixel(1=ON,
0=Off),Print text" WELCOM TO "
[Link](1, 15, 1, " Automatic Water "); //X-Pos (0-95), Y-Pos (0-67), Pixel(1=ON,
0=Off),Print text" Automatic Water "
[Link](14, 26, 1, " Irrigation "); //X-Pos (0-95), Y-Pos (0-67), Pixel(1=ON, 0=Off),
Print text " Irrigation "
[Link](25, 37, 1, " System "); //X-Pos (0-95), Y-Pos (0-67), Pixel(1=ON,
0=Off),Print text " System "
[Link](41, 50, 1, millis()/1000);

22
[Link](); // update lcd
delay(100);// update lcd after 0.1 second
lcd.Clear_LCD();// clear lcd
}

5.5 Wiring diagram:

23
Chapter 6
Conclusion/Result and Recommendation

6.1 Conclusion/Result
 The smart prototype smart irrigation is ready to use.
 This system is applicable in irrigation of small and large areas fields as well as
domestic lawns, gardens and fruit plants.
 With the result of this project, first step in the future will be to transfer this project
to large scale.
 The smart irrigation system improve irrigation efficiency, Promotes water
conservation and reduce the environmental impacts.
 This system allows farmers for cultivation in those places which has water
scarcity, thus Control water wastage in order to preserve water resources.
 This system eliminates large number of workers engaged with irrigation.
 The smart sprinkler irrigation system gives the best feature than the traditional
one.

6.2 Recommendation
 An extension to this system to control the system via Zig Bee instead of wire
connections. The system is incredibly versatile and economical. It doesn't need
individuals on duty. Moreover, to create more responsive mobile application
which have more controlled data.
 Also we can operate this system by using renewable energy which is solar power
instead of batteries and long transmission power wires. using solar energy, will
help to reduce future cost.
 Using IOT we can monitor the plants condition and control via internet from
everywhere in the world.
For large scale irrigation of large areas the use of PLC is suitable for good results

References :
[1] International journal of engineering sciences & researchtechnology(IJESRT) survey
of smart irrigation system [Link]*dr. [Link]** issn: 2277-9655
[2] water conservation potential of landscape irrigation smart controllers (m.d. dukes)

24
[3] Sankar, P., Norman, S.R,(2009) “Embedded System for Monitoring Atmosphere is
Weather Conditions Using Weather Balloon”, International Conference on Control and
Automation.
[4] Programming with C++ By C M Aslam
[5] Practical Arduino By Jonathan Oxer,
[6] [Link]
[7] [Link]

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