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PE Open Ended Lab 1

Power Electronics (EL-343)

Report Prepared by:

OBJECTIVE:
To understand and design the working principle of a Cuk converter.

COMPONENTS:
❖ PWM (Pulse with Modulation) Timer Components: 1. IC - 555 timer (1) 2. Capacitors
- 0.1𝜇𝐹 (1), 0.1 𝜇𝐹 (1) 3. Diodes - 1N4007. 4. Potentiometer (10k) ΩCapacitors -
1000 𝜇𝐹 (1), 2000 𝜇𝐹 (1)
❖ Resistors – 52OHMS
❖ Diodes - 1N4007.
❖ Inductor – Transformer sec windings (15.82mH,16.68mH)
❖ Transistor - BJT 2n2222a.
❖ Veroboard

APPARATUS:
1. Oscilloscope.
2. Multimeter.
3. DC Power Supply 12 volts

Introduction
The Cuk converter is a DC- DC-based power electronic converter. The Cuk converter
was designed to overcome the drawbacks observed in the buck-boost converter. As buck-
boost converter, Cuk converter also follows the principle of step up and step down of mean
voltages at the output. Cuk converter produces the output mean voltage either higher or
lower than the input mean voltage. A simple configuration of Cuk converter is shown in
figure

APPLICATION OF CUK CONVERTER: It can work as a power correction circuit. It is

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Cuk converter consists of more component count when compared with buck, boost, and
buck-boost converter. The Cuk converter consists of two inductors, two capacitors, one
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diode, and one switch. Cuk converter is a combination of buck and boost such that the input
side looks like the boost converter and output side looks like buck converter in a
disconnected inverting manner connected by one capacitor between them as shown in fig.
The output voltage of the Cuk converter is reversed as compared to the input voltage.

WORKING:
A cuk converter transforms a DC voltage at the input to a DC voltage at the output with
reversed polarity. Compared to the Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost converters the cuk
converter uses an additional inductor and capacitor to store energy. Consider the following
sequence of the MOSFET conduction state:

• 1. On-state: The current through the inductor L1 increases linearly and the diode
blocks.

• 2. Off-state: Since the current through the inductor L1 cannot abruptly change
the diode must carry the current so it commutates and begins conducting. Energy is
transferred from the inductor L1 to the middle capacitor C2 resulting in a decreasing
inductor current.

• 3. On-state: The current through the inductor L1 again increases linearly and the
diode blocks. The middle capacitor discharges and supplies the RC load through the
inductor L2. The induced voltage across the resistor R has the opposite polarity of
the input voltage.

The circuit has two limits of operation. For a duty cycle D ➝ 0 the output voltage equals
zero, and for D ➝ 1 the output voltage grows toward negative infinity. In between those
limits the output voltage in continuous conduction mode is given by:

−𝑘
𝑉𝑜 = · 𝑉𝑠
(1 − 𝑘)

Vo represents the output mean voltage; Vs represents input mean voltage and k represents
the duty cycle.

The combination of inductors and capacitors acts as a second order low pass filter
reducing the voltage ripple at the output. 2nd order low pass filter attenuates signals with
selected cut off freqeuncies very steeply due to presence of two capacitors. since we have
connected load across a capacitor so it is in fact a low pass filter which will filter or
attenuate frequencies above cut off but will allow frequencies below that due to steep
attenuation cuk converter is able to almost minimize or nullify the output voltage ripples

Compared to the previous DC to DC voltage converters (Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost) the
cuk converter always allows continuous current flow through the inductors, and therefore,
no discontinuous conduction mode is possible.
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“As like the buck-boost converter, the Cuk converter can step the voltage either up or
down, depending on the switching duty cycle. The main difference between the two is that
because of the series inductors at both input and output, the Cuk converter has much lower
current ripple. In fact, by careful adjustment of the inductor values, the ripple in either
input or output can be nulled completely”

Calculation For Cuk Converter:

𝐿1 = 16.6𝑚𝐻

𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 13.28𝑚𝐻

(1 − 𝐾)2 𝑅
𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2𝑓𝐾
𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 × 2 × 𝑓 × 𝐾
𝑅=
(1 − 𝐾)2
(13.28𝑚)(2)(1000)(0.5)
𝑅=
(0.5)2

𝑅 = 53.12𝑜ℎ𝑚

𝐿2 = 15.8𝑚𝐻

𝐿2𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 12.64𝑚𝐻
(1 − 𝐾)𝑅
𝐿2𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2𝑓
𝐿2 min× 2 × 𝑓
𝑅=
(1 − 𝑘)
12.64𝑚 × 2 × 1000
𝑅=
(0.5)

𝑅 = 50.56𝑜ℎ𝑚
(1 − 𝑘)
𝐶𝑜 =
∆𝑉𝑜
8 × 𝐿2 × 𝑉 × 𝑓 2

0.5
𝐶𝑜 =
8 × 15.8𝑚 × 0.005 × (1000)2
𝐶0 = 791µ𝐹 ≅ 800µ𝐹
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0.5
𝐶1 =
50 × 0.005 × 1000
𝐶1 = 2000µ𝐹

Manual calculations:
−𝑘
𝑉𝑜 = · 𝑉𝑠
(1 − 𝑘)

• Fix duty cycle of switch at zero and measure Vmean across load.

−0
𝑉𝑜 = · 12
(1 − 0)

𝑉𝑜 = 0

• Fix duty cycle of switch at 50% and measure Vmean across load.

−𝑘
𝑉𝑜 = · 𝑉𝑠
(1 − 𝑘)

−0.5
𝑉𝑜 = · 12
(1 − 0.5)

𝑉𝑜 = −12𝑉

• Fix duty cycle of switch at 20% and measure Vmean across load.

−𝑘
𝑉𝑜 = · 𝑉𝑠
(1 − 𝑘)

−0.2
𝑉𝑜 = · 12
(1 − 0.2)

𝑉𝑜 = −3𝑉

• Fix duty cycle of switch at 80% and measure Vmean across load.
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−0.8
𝑉𝑜 = · 12
(1 − 0.8)

𝑉𝑜 = −48𝑉

Simulation and result:

Conclusion:
As you can see the output waveform of the converter contain smaller ripples as compare to
buck-boost.