Industrial Security Management

RA no. 5487 - (as amended by PD no. 11) - Private security agency law.

Private Detective Agency - is any person who for hire or reward or on commission conducts or carries on
or holds himself out as conducting or carrying on a detective agency or detective service.

Private Detective - any person who is not a member of a regular police agency or armed forces who
does detective work for hire,reward or commission.

PADPAO - Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators.

Watchmen/Security Guard - person who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either
residential or business establishment or both or any building,compound or area for hire or
compensation or as an employee thereof.

Security Agency - any person, association, partnership or corporation who recruits, trains,
muster ,furnishes, solicit individuals or business firms, private or government owned or controlled
corporation to engage his services or those of its watchmen.

Who May Organize Security Agency

1. Any Filipino Citizen or a corporation, partnership or association.

2. With a minimum capital required by law.

In case of corporation, association, or partnership - must be 100 % owned and controlled by Filipino
citizen.

No person shall organize or have interest in more than one agency.

Qualification of an Operator or Manager of a Security Agency:

1. At least 25 years of age

2. College graduate and/or commissioned officer in the

inactive service of the AFP

3. Good moral character

4. No previous record of any conviction of any

crime/offense involving moral turpitude

5. Not suffering from any of the following

disqualifications:

dishonorably discharged or separate from the AFP

mentally incompetent

addicted to the use of narcotic drugs

habitual drunkard

An elective or appointive government employees who may be called upon on account of the function of
their respective offices in the implementation and enforcement of the provision of RA 5487 and person
related to such government employees by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree shall not hold
any interest, directly or indirectly in any security guard agency.

Basic Qualification of a security Guard

1. Filipino citizen

2. High school graduate

3. Physically and mentally fit

4. Not less than 21 nor more than 50 years old

5. At least 5'4" in height

6. Not suffering from any disqualification under RA

5487

Veterans shall be given priority in employment as security guard or private detective.

Person convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude shall not be employed as security guard or
private detective.
Private detective, detective agency, security guard, security agency must first obtain license from the
PNP.

Employees employed solely for clerical or manual work need not be licensed.

The license shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and suitable place in the agency office.

The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation of all private detective and security guard
agencies.

The City/Municipal Mayors has the power as director of the City/Municipal civil defense to deputize
private detective and security guards to help maintain peace and order or prevent or arrest law violators
in case of emergency or in times of disaster or calamity. They shall take orders from the Chief of Police
for the duration of the fire, inundation, earthquakes, riots or other emergency.

A security guard or security agency is entitled to possess firearms.

Firearm must not be higher than .45 caliber.

Agency is entitled to possess firearm not exceeding one firearm for every security guard in its employ.

Security guard is entitled to possess not more than one riot gun or shotgun.

Firearms shall be carried by the security guard only during his tour of duty in proper uniform within the
compound of the establishment except when he escorts big amount of cash or valuables in or out of said
compound.

The Chief PNP shall prescribe the uniform, ornaments, equipment and paraphernalia to be worn by the
security guards.

Uniforms must be different from the PNP/AFP.

Salary of security guard - not lower than the minimum wage prescribe by law.

Limitations and Prohibitions on a Security Agency

1. No agency operating in the City of manila and

suburbs may employ more than 1000 watchmen or

security guards.

2. No agency operating in other cities and first class

municipalities may employ more than 500 watchmen

or security guards.

3. No agency operating in municipalities other than

 first class may employ more than 200 watchmen or

security guards.

4. No person, corporation, partnership or association

may organize more than one agency in any one city

or municipality.

5. No agency shall offer, render or accept services to

gambling dens or other illegal enterprises.

6. The extent of the security service being provided

by any security agency shall not go beyond the

whole compound or property of the person or

establishment requesting the security service

except when they escort big amount of cash.

Who can Issue rules and regulations to carry out the purpose of RA 5487? ans. the chief PNP, in
consultation with the Philippines Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators.

What are the penal provisions for violation of RA5487 or its implementing rules? ans.

1. Suspension, fine or cancellation of license to

operate with the forfeiture f bond filed with the

Chief PNP.

2. Imprisonment ranging from 1 to 4 years and fine, in

the discretion of the courts.

Physical security - describes the measures that are designed to deny access to unauthorized personnel
from physically accessing a building, facility, stored information and guidance on how to design
structures to resist potentially hostile acts.

- a system of barriers placed between a potential intruder and the material or

installation to be protected.

Security - the predictable state or condition which is free from harm, injury, destruction, intimidation or
fear. Freedom from fear or danger or defense against crime.

Physical Security System - a barrier or system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the
matter to be protected. Protective device against hazards, threats, vulnerability and risks.

Purpose/Goals of Physical security

deter potential intruders - ex. warning signs, perimeter markings

distinguish authorized from unauthorized people - ex. using pass card

delay or prevent intrusion attempt - ex. wall, door lock, safe

detect intrusion and monitor/record intruders - e. CCTV, intrusion alarm

trigger appropriate incident responses - ex. security guards

How to deter potential intruders

install warning signs -

build fences

put vehicle barriers

install vehicle height restriction

implement restricted access point

install sight lighting and trenches

How to distinguish authorized from unauthorized people - access control at the

gates

doors

locks

How to detect intrusion

install alarms

install intrusion detection monitor

install video monitoring system - ex. cctv

Vigiles (in Rome) - origin of the watchmen although their principal duty was as a fire brigade.

Notable security guards:

Frank Wills - detected the Watergate burglars ultimately leading to the resignation of US president
Richard Nixon.

Target hardening - the reduction in criminal opportunity, generally through the use of physical barriers,
architectural design and enhanced security measures of a particular location.

Defensible Space - the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under the control of
its residents.

Demography - the study of the characteristics of population groups.

Principles of Physical Security

1. An intruder must be able to acquire access to the

property in order to benefit.

2. The type of access necessary will depend upon a

number of variable factors and therefore may be

achieved in a number of ways.

3. There is no impenetrable barrier.

4. Security is built upon a system of defense in depth

resulting to accumulated delay time which may lead

to the apprehension of the intruder.

5. Each installation is different from the others.

2 Kinds of Barriers

1. Natural

2. Artificial

5 Types of Barriers

1. Human

2. Animal

3. Natural

4. Energy/Electrical/Electronic

5. Structural

3 Line of Defense

1. Perimeter Barrier - 1st line of defense.

2. Building Exterior - 2nd line of defense.

3. Interior Controls - 3rd line of defense.

Perimeter Barrier - main purpose is to deny or impede access or exit of unauthorized persons.

Other Purposes

1. It defines the boundary of the property to be

secured.

2. It creates a physical and psychological deterrent

to unauthorized entry.

3. It delays intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension

of intruders.

4. It assists in a more efficient and economical

employment of guards.

5. It facilitates and improves the control of pedestrian

and vehicular traffic.

Components:

1. Types of Fencing (solid/full view)

2. The top guard

3. Types of Protective Alarms Systems

4. Types of Protective and Emergency Lighting's

5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security

Systems/Energy Barriers

Building Exterior - Components:

1. walls

2. Doors

3. Windows

4. Roof Openings
5. Fire Escapes

6. Protective Alarm Systems

7. Protective and Emergency lightnings

8. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security

Systems/Energy Barriers

Interior Controls - Components:

1. ID Systems

2. Protective Alarm Systems

3. Protective Emergency Lighting's

4. Communication Systems

5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security

Systems/Energy Barriers

6. Restricted Areas (storage areas/utilities)

7. Access Control

8. Key Control

9. Emergency Plans

[Link]

Natural barriers or features - such as cliffs,ravines,and rivers which delay or make more difficult to entry
of intruders.

Barriers - any line of boundary and separation,natural or artificial,places,or serving as limitation or

[Link] that bars,keep out,obstruct progress,or prevents encroachment or intrusion.

Structural barriers - features constructed by man regardless of their original intent that tends to delay
the [Link],ceilings,locks,safe,windows.
Human barriers - guards,charges of quarters,office personnel,shop workers etc. who stand between the
intruder and the matter to be protected.

Animal barriers - usually guard [Link]. trained German shepherds used as guards,goose,and turkeys can
also be included.

Energy barriers - usually electrical or electronics devices used to provide assistance to guard
[Link]. protective lightnings,anti intrusion devices.

Full view fence - it is designed primarily to prevent physical access between two [Link] in
such a way that visual access is permitted through the fence.

Physical Security Features:

[Link] barriers - natural terrains features must be

considered from the stand point of their values to

intruder as cover and [Link] the

first type considered very often we have to accept

and work around them.

[Link]

a. solid fence - one is constructed in such a way that

visual access through the fenced structure is

denied.

b. full view fence - constructed in such a way that

usual access is permitted through the fence.

Advantages of a full view fence

1. removing patrols and stationary guards are able to

keep area surrounding of the installation under

observation.

2. it does not create shadows which would provide

cover and concealment for the intruder.

Disadvantages of a full view fence

1. It allows visual access to the installation,its

personnel,its guard and its activities.

2. It allows the intruders to become familiar with the

movements and the time schedule of the guard

patrols thereafter allowing him to pick the time for

attempting penetration which would most

advantageous to the intruder.

Advantages of solid fence

1. Denies visual access of the installation of the

intruder.

2. Denies the opportunity for the intruder to become

familiar with the personnel,activities and the time

schedule of the movements of guards in the

installations.

Disadvantages of solid fence

1. It prevents the guards from observing the area

 around the installation.

2. It creates shadows which may be used by the

intruder for cover and concealment.

Minimum acceptable requirements for fence used security barriers

1. Height - 8 feet at a minimum.

2. Slack at the bottom - not to exceed 2 [Link] the

fences are not tight then it should extend even

closer to the ground.

3. Wooden fence post - minimum horizontal dimension

of 4X4 inches.

[Link] fence post - the round type should at least be

2 inches at the smallest diameter.

5. Fence post - should be set in concrete or in firm

soil using commercial drive anchors to a depth of 3

feet and the maximum distance post is 10 feet.

6. Fence top (Top Guard) - there should be something

on the top of the fence to deter persons attempting

to go over [Link] of barb wire [Link]

arms holding the barbwire should be extended at 45

degree angle in the direction of the expected

approach.

7. Fence area - it should be declared trees and

vegetation and debris of other materials which

would offer concealment of the intruder or would

 aid him in scaling the fence.

8. Fence Gates - gates should be limited to the no.

necessary for efficient and sage operation of the

installation.

9. Fence Opening - all opening in the fence in excess

of 96 inches must be locked barbed or screen in

such a way that they may be interlocked and

opened from the inside and only by selected

personnel.

[Link] fence - is used should at least be 10 feet

apart and the overhang on the top of the inner

fence should point inward.

4 Basic functions that must be accomplished by the guard system

1. Detect intruders

2. Sound alarms

3. Apprehend unauthorized personnel

4. Identify authorized personnel

Personnel Control Identification

2 Types of identification

1. Personal Recognition - is the most effective

2. Artificial Identification - badges,passes etc.

System of Employment of Personnel Control Identification

1. Pass system - a method used by security to screen

visitors or person admitted into building premises.

2. Single pass or Badge system - the least expensive

and the least secure.

3. Group pass and Badge system - one ID for one

group.

4. Multiple pass system - separate pass is required for

access to various areas in need [Link] coding

5. Spot magnetized identification passes - a code may

be placed in the device and when passes through a

machine,the code on the device is read,if it contains

wrong code or no code at all,it will alarm.

6. Access list - it contains the names of authorized

persons or personnel and is checked against

identification cards such as drivers licenses,draft

registration etc.

Visitor control - the measures used would depend on the sensibility of the installation but could include
the following:

1. Escort - expensive but most secure

2. Time traveled - if there is a long delay or time lapse

between the departure and arrival,the visitor may

be required to show cause for the delay.

3. Visitors logs - should contain identifying data,

reasons of visit,time in and hour etc.

4. Visitors entrances - separate access for visitors and

 separate for employees .

Utility and maintenance personnel - escort system could be [Link] these people visit the installations on
a regular basis some of the systems previously could be used.

Package control - there should be provisions made to check packages being taken in and taken out.

Photography - extreme caution must be exercised in areas where classified information is displayed to
preclude unauthorized taking of pictures of the installation.

Vehicular control and identification

* Most common identification is for registering at the headquarters or gates and putting of sticker on
the windows of the vehicles.

* For visitors,the following systems are used:

1. Escort

2. Driver pool - the most secure but the most

[Link] this system,car is driven by qualified

driver employed by the installation from the

entrance to its destination and after the

conclusion of the business of the [Link] is

driven back to the installations entrance.

3. Time travel - used in less sensitive installations

4. Grid system - a very complicated [Link]

installation is divided into grid ad squares like a

[Link] square is given a no. or letter

[Link] visitor is then given a map and

shown the route to take to his destination and

 should not deviate from the prescribed route,

otherwise he could be stopped and questioned

by the guards.

5. Search of vehicles - sign should be put at the

entrance to the installation that any vehicle

entering is subject to search anytime.

Types of Protective Alarm Systems

1. Central station system - the control station is

located outside the [Link] the alarm is

sounded by a subscriber, the central station

notifies the police or protection agency.

2. Property system - the control system is located

inside the installations with its own firefighter,law

enforcer,ambulance,or bomb disposal unit.

3. Local alarm - the signalling is near the alarm itself.

When the intruder enters the installation,the alarm

goes off scaring the [Link] is just to

scare not to apprehend intruder.

4. Auxiliary alarm - the installation owned the

protective alarm with a unit in the nearest police

station so that in case of need,direct call is possible.

Kinds of Alarms

1. Intrusion alarm - any detecting devices using

 electric and their combinations to signal an alarm

when actuated.

2. Laser beam alarm - a laser emitter floods the wall or

fence with a beam so that when this beam is

disturbed by a physical object,an alarm is activated

3. Photocell alarm - an invisible or visible beam is

emitted and when disturbed,it activates an alarm

or mechanical device that opens a door or lift

movable barriers,activated by light.

Basic component of an alarm system

1. Annunciation - the heart of the system of the

detecting device and is the component that

activates the triggering unit.

2. Transmission - it transmit what is detected.

3. Triggering device - the one which emits those aural

or visual signals or both.

Security Survey - The detailed check and audit of what an installation or plant does not have in relation
to its protection from hazards.

Security Inspection - a precess where physical

examination is conducted to determine compliance with established security policies and procedures as
a result of security survey.

Purpose of security survey

1. To determine existing state or condition of security

2. To locate weaknesses and possible defense

3. To determine degree of protection required

Security hazards - an act or condition which result in a situation conductive to a breach of the protection
system and the subsequent loss or compromise of defense,information,company secrets,or damage to
property,personnel,or facilities.

Hazards - exposure to loss or injury.

Two General Categories of Security Hazards

1. Human hazard - caused by human

[Link],pilferage,theft

2. Natural Hazard - caused by natural phenomena.

Types of Human Hazards

1. Human carelessness

2. Accident

3. Disaffection

4. Disloyalty

5. Subversion

6. Sabotage

7. Espionage

8. Pilferage

9. Theft

[Link]
Protective Security - measures taken by an installation or unit to protect against sabotage,espionage or
subversion and at the same time provide freedom of action in order to provide the installation or unit
with the necessary flexibility to accomplish its mission.

3 Aspects of Security

1. Physical Security - measures taken to prevent

physical access or entry to an installation.

2. Personnel Security - measures taken to insure

that only authorized personnel have access to

classified documents or information.

3. Document and Information Security

Types of Security

1. Physical Security - the most broad.

2. Industrial Security - security of business

installations and industrial plants.

3. VIP Security - protection of high level officers and

important personnel.

4. Bank Security - security of money and assets

stored or in transit.

5. Hotel Security - security for hotel guest and their

personal belongings and property as well as

properties of the hotel.

6. Document security - protection of vital records

from loss or unauthorized access.

 7. Communication Security - measures to prevent or

delay the unauthorized person in gaining

information through communication.

Physical Security

* Protective barrier - is the physical type of security.

* Barrier - any structure or physical device capable

of restricting,deterring,delaying illegal access into

installations.

* Perimeter barrier - a medium or structures which

define the physical limits of an installation or area

to restrict or impede access [Link] physical

barrier used to supplement the protection of the

inside perimeter.

* Inside Perimeter - a line of protection adjacent to

the protected area and passing through points of

possible entry into the [Link]. doors and windows

* Outside perimeter - a line of protection but some

what removed from the protected [Link]

Types of Perimeter Barrier Opening

1. Gates and Doors

2. Elevators

3. Air intakes,Exhaust tunnels

4. Clear Zone
 5. Top Guard

6. Guard Control Stations

7. Tower

8. Barrier maintenance

9. Sign and Notices

Protective Alarms - supplemental physical barriers in a form of sound that cause alarm installed indoors
or outdoors in an installation.

Types of Alarm Systems

1. Metallic foil wire

2. Ultrasonic Detection Device

3. Vibration Detection Device

4. Microwave Motion Detection Device

5. Audio Detection Device

6. Photo Electric or Electric Eye

Kinds of Alarms

1. Bill Traps

2. Foot Rail Activator

3. Knee or thigh button

4. Foot button

5. Double squeeze button

Protective Lighting - provide illumination on areas to be secured that adds psychological deterrence.
Types of protective Lighting

1. Stationary luminary - consist of series of fixed

luminaries to flood given area continuously

Example: glare protection type

2. Standby Lighting - provides continuous lighting

through manual operations.

3. Movable Lighting - stationary or portable manually

operated search lights.

4. Emergency Lighting - duplication of existing

lighting system that is utilized in the event of

electric failure.

Types of Lighting Equipment

1. Street lights - used in parking areas

2. Search Lights - highly focused incandescent lamps

used to pinpoint potential trouble spot.

3. Flood Lights - project light in a concentrated beam

used in boundaries and fences.

4. Fresnel Lights - wide beam units primarily used to

extend illumination in long horizontal strips to

protect approaches to perimeter barrier.

Protective Locks and Keys

1. Lock - a mechanical,hydraulic,electrical or

electronic device designed to prevent entry into a

 building,room,container or hiding place and to

prevent the removal of items without the consent

of the owner.

2. Padlock - portable and detachable lock having or

sliding hasp that passes through a staple ring.

3. Peterman - A term used in England for lock picker,

safe cracker and penetrators of restricted areas

or rooms.

Types of Locks

1. Lever locks - used in cabinets,drawers,safe

deposit box.

2. Disc-Tumble Locks - used in car doors.

3. Warded Locks - offer little security,used only to

provide privacy.

4. Combination Locks

5. Card Operated Locks

6. Electromagnetic Locks

7. Code operated Locks

Types of Keys

1. Master Key - a special key of opening a series

locks.

2. Grand Master Key - a key that will open

everything in a system involving two or more

 master key groups.

3. Change Key - a key to a single lock within a master

keyed system.

4. Sub Master Key - a key will open all lock with a

particular area or grouping in a given facility.

Types of Security Cabinets

1. Safe

2. vault

3. File Room

Protective Cabinets - considered as the third line of defense against unauthorized persons.

Key Control - a system of controlling keys devised and regulated for disposal,storage and withdrawals.

Close-in Security Formations

1. One Man Security - 360 degrees coverage.

2. Two Man Security - Each guard has 180 degrees

coverage.

3. Three Man Security - has equal areas of coverage

4. Four Man Security

5. Five Man Security - modified diamond.

6. Six Man Security - (defensive circle) too much

crowd requires arm lock formation.

Note: Six Man Security is the most effective.

Defensive In Depth Barriers

1. Outer Ring - securing sidewalks,in front of

quarters or offices,covering all entrances,front,

center,side and rear.

2. Middle Ring - security covering inside quarters,

office,residence,all stairways and elevators.

3. Inner Ring - immediately outside the high risk

personnel door or the one closest to the VIP.

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Active Security Measures

1. Physical Barriers

2. Security lighting

3. Vaults

4. Locks

Passive Security Measures

[Link] that will deter man from committing such act for fear

of being caught charged in court or get dismissed

[Link] education programs, investigation, fire prevention

seminars, personal security checks.

Company Guard Force – (CGF) a security force maintained and operated

by any private company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to

watch, secure or guard its business establishment premises, compound

or properties.

Duty Detail Order - is a written order/schedule issued by a superior

officer usually the private security agency/branch manager or

operations officer assigning the performance of private

security/detective services duties.

Factors that Bring About Unsecured Conditions

1. Threats - an activity that could lead to a loss.

2. Hazards - a condition that could lead to a loss.

3. Vulnerability - a weakness that can be used to gain access to

an asset.

4. Risk - a potential loss or damage to an asset.

Government Guard Unit – (GGU) a security unit maintained and operated

by any government entity other than military or police, which is

established and maintained for the purpose of securing the office or

compound and/or extension of such government entity.

Government Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include

government security guards, detectives, security consultants and

security officers except those of the AFP, PNP, or BJMP rendering or

performing security and/or detective services as employed by

government entities.

License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document issued by

the Chief, PNP or his duly authorized representative recognizing a

person to be qualified to perform his duties as private security or

training personnel.

License to Operate – (LTO) is a License Certificate document, issued

by the Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized

representative, authorizing a person to engage in employing security

guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct,

manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency or

private security agency/company security force after payment of the

prescribed dues or fees.

Note:New applicants for license to operate shall be required

to obtain a minimum capitalization of one million pesos

(P1,000,000.00) with a minimum bank deposit of five hundred

thousand (P500, 000.00) pesos in order to start its business

operation.

No regular license shall be granted to any private security

agency unless it has a minimum of two hundred (200) licensed

private security personnel under its employ.

No regular license shall be granted to any company guard force

or private detective agency unless it has a minimum of thirty

(30) licensed private security personnel under its employ.

The maximum number of private security personnel that a

PSA/CGF/PDA may employ shall be one thousand (1000).

PADPAO – Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency

Operators. Is an association of all licensed security agencies and

company security forces in the Philippines.

Person - shall include not only natural persons but also juridical

persons such as corporation, partnership, company or association duly

registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Physical Barrier - any structure or physical device capable of

restricting, deterring, delaying, illegal access to an installation.

PNP - Philippine National Police, under the DILG, organized pursuant

to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police

Act of 1991. The PNP shall exercise general supervision over

the operators of all security agencies and guards.

Powers and Duties of a Security Guard

1. To watch and secure the property of the client. Service shall

not extend beyond the property or compound of client.

Exception:

1. Escort duties

2. Hot pursuit of criminal offenders

2. Security Guard and Private Detective have no police authority.

Private Detective - is any person who does detective work for hire,

reward or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology,

municipal or city jail guards, and members of the Philippine National

Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the government.

Qualifications of a Private Detective

1. Must be a Filipino citizen

2. Must be a high school graduate

3. Must be physically and mentally fit

4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age

5. Must be at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height

6. Must not be suffering from any of the ff: disqualifications

a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP

b. Mental incompetent

c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs

d. Habitual drunkard

7. Must not be convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude

Private Detective Agency - is any person, who, for hire or reward or

on commission, conducts or carries on or holds himself or itself out

as conducting or carrying on a detective agency, or detective service.

Notes:
 1. All person used in a private detective work must be licensed

2. All person employed solely for clerical or manual work need

no private detective license.

3. License (LTO) shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous

and suitable place in the agency office or headquarters of

the agency and shall be exhibited at the request of any person

whose jurisdiction is in relation with the business of the

agency or the employees thereof, or of the Chief of the PNP

or his duly authorized representative or any peace officer.

4. The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation

of all private detective and privated detective agency.

The rules above applies to a Private Security Agency.

Private Security Guard - (watchman) shall include any person who

offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either a

residence, business establishment, or buildings, compounds, areas,

or property, inspects/monitors bodily checks/searches individuals

and/or baggage and other forms of security inspection, physically/

manually or scientifically electronic, including but not limited to,

logging concessions and agricultural, mining or pasture lands,

transportation, for hire or compensation , or as an employee thereof,

including any employee of the national or local governments or

agencies or instrumentality’s thereof and or government owned or

controlled firm or corporations who is employed to watch or secure

government buildings, compounds, premises and other properties, other

than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the

Bureau of Jail management and Penology, Municipal or City jail

guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of any other

law enforcement agency of the Government.

Qualifications of a Security Guard

1. Must be a Filipino citizen

2. Must be a high school graduate

3. Must be physically and mentally fit

4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age

5. Must be at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height (RA 5487)

6. Must not be suffering from any of the ff: disqualifications

a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP

b. Mental incompetent

c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs

d. Habitual drunkard

7. Must have undergone a pre-licensing training course

8. Must not be convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude

Moral Turpitude - A phrase used in Criminal Law to

describe conduct that is considered contrary to

community standards of justice, honesty, or good morals.

Crimes involving moral turpitude have an inherent quality

 of baseness, vileness, or depravity with respect to a

person's duty to another or to society in general.

Examples of Crime Involving Moral Turpitude

1. Rape

2. Forgery

3. Robbery

4. Prostitution

Private Security Guard Agency - any person, association,

partnership, or corporation, who recruits, trains, muster, furnishes,

solicits individuals or business firms, private or government-owned

or controlled corporations to engage his service or those of its

watchmen.

Who May Organize a Security Agency

1. Any Filipino citizen

2. Corporation

3. Partnership

4. Association

Limitations/Disqualification/Prohibitions In Organizing A

Security Agency

1. Security Agency must be 100% Filipino owned

2. No person shall organize or have an interest in, more than

 security agency

3. No agency shall offer, render or accept services in gambling

dens or other illegal business establishments or enterprises.

4. Must not be an elective or appointive government employees

who may be called upon on account of the functions of their

respective offices in the implementation and enforcement of

the Private Security Agency Law and any person related to

such government employees by affinity or consanguinity in

the third civil degree shall not hold any interest, directly

or indirectly in any security guard or watchman agency.

5. The extent of the security guard service being furnished by

the security agency shall not go beyond the compound and/or

property of the person or establishment contracting the

security service except when the security guards is

escorting big amount of money or valuables.

6. Main Office - All agencies shall maintain a main office in

their registered addresses.

Branch offices - may be established and maintained in

other provinces/ cities where the security agency has

deployed security guards.

7. Rules - Authority to operate outside principal offices.

1. No new or moribund but previously licensed private

security agency shall be granted license to operate

 unless its business viability is supported by

evidence of assured clientele, adequate

capitalization and the like.

Moribund - (dying)(stagnant)(obsolescent) in

terminal decline; lacking vitality or vigour.

2. Private Security Agency operating at regions

outside its main office shall be required to

register with the nearest Police Provincial Office

and shall submit an authenticated machine copy of

the following documents:

a) License to Operate

b) License of the FA’s to be issued

c) List of the officers and security guards

d) Appointment Order of Branch/Detachment

Manager (if any)

8. All applicants for license to operate shall be required to

attend a private security agency/company guard force

operators and management seminar/workshop.

9. Prohibition on “KABIT SYSTEM” operators

1. No licensed security agency shall operate, promote

and enter into an agreement of “merger“

(kabit system) with any person or a group of persons

for the purpose of organizing a branch unit or

 subsidiary under separate control and ownership.

Merger of security and detective agencies shall not

be recognized without prior approval from the SEC

with respect to their Articles of Incorporation and

the DTI, with regards their business name.

2. Any of the following circumstances or a combination

thereof shall be considered prima-facie evidence

of the existence of “Kabit System”.

a) Maintaining a separate branch, unit or

subsidiary office aside from the main office

of the agency situated within the same locality

b) Receiving direct payments from the agency’s

clientele and issuing officials receipt of

their own distinct from that issued by the

agency concerned

c) Remitting directly Social Security System

premiums, Medicare contributions and other

premium for other policy insurance benefits

d) Existence of an agreement between the licensee

and a branch manager thereof, whereby the

latter obligates himself to pay a certain

percentage of his income to the former on the

condition that the control and supervision of

the guards posted by said branch shall course

on the manager thereof and that the licensee

 shall be exempt from liabilities/ obligations

attendant to the operation of said branch.

e) Keeping/maintaining separate payrolls for the

branch employees signed and/or approved by

the branch manager only

f) Absence of record of monthly income remittances

to the main office when said branch is

authorized to make collections from the clients

of the licensee

g) All other similar acts tending to show separate

and distinct relationship/personality/

ownership/ management.

Qualifications of the Operator/Manager of a Security Agency

1. Must be at least 25 years of age

2. Must be a College Graduate and/or No.3 below.

3. Must be a commissioned officer in the inactive service of

the Armed Forces of the Philippines

4. Must be of good moral character

5. Must have no previous record of any conviction of any crime

or offense involving moral turpitude

6. Must not be suffering from any of the following

disqualifications:

a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP

b. Mental incompetent
 c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs

d. Habitual drunkard

7. Must have taken a course/seminar on industrial Security

Management and/or must have adequate training or experience

in security business (IRR)

Note: One can not be a Commissioned officer in the inactive

service of the AFP unless college graduate. The law used the

word and/or.

RA 5487 is a law. In case of conflict between the law and its

implementing rules and regulations promulgated by the chief

PNP, The law shall prevail.

Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the legitimate

business of providing private security and detective services.

Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include

private security guards, private detectives, security consultants,

and security officers rendering/performing security and/or detective

services as employed by private security agencies and/or private firms.

Protective Security System - are those measures taken by an

installation or unit to protect itself against sabotage,

espionage or subversion.
RA 5487 - known as "The Private Security Agency Law."

Restricted Area - is any area in which personnel or vehicles are

controlled for reasons of security. Restricted area is established

to provide security for installation or facilities and to promote

efficiency of security operations and economy in the use of

security personnel.

SAGSD - Security Agency and Guard Supervision Division. SAGSD is

under the PNP Civil Security Group.

Security - is the state or quality of being secured, freedom from

fear or danger;assurance; certainty. To secure is to make safe or

be protected. From the Greek word SECUROS which means safe,

safety or secured.

Security Guard - (watchman) Any person who offers or renders

personal service to watch or secure either residential or business

establishment, or both, or any building, compound, or area including

but not limited to logging concessions, agricultural, mining or

pasture lands for hire or compensation, or as an employee thereof.

Security Hazards - is an act or condition which results in a situation

like a breach of the protection system and the subsequent loss or

compromise of defense information, company secret or damage to

personnel, property or facilities.

Three Major Areas of Security

1. Physical Security - this concern with the physical measures

adopted to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities,

material and document and to safeguard them against espionage,

damage, loss and theft

2. Personnel Security - this is as important as physical security.

Personnel security starts even before the hiring of an employee

and remains to be maintained for as long as the person is employed.

Its purpose is to insure that a firm hires those best suited to

assist the firm in achieving its goals and objectives and once

hired assist in providing necessary security to the work force

while carrying out their functions

3. Document and Information Security - this involves the protection

of documents as classified papers from loss, access by unauthorized

persons, damage, theft and compromise through disclosure

Two Instances When the Chief PNP may deputize any security guard

to assist the PNP in the performance of police duties.

1. In case of emergency

2. In times of disaster or calamities

Types of Security
1. Industrial Security - a type of security applied to business

groups engaged in industries like manufacturing, assembling,

research and development, processing, warehousing and even

agriculture. It may also mean the business of providing security.

2. Hotel Security- a type of security applied to hotels where its

properties are protected from pilferage, loss damage and the

function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed and troubled

by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security

employs house detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and

insures that hotel guests and their personal effects are safeguarded.

3. Bank Security- this type of security is concern with the bank

operations.

4. VIP Security- a type of security applied for the protection of

top-ranking officials of the government or private entity,

visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.

5. School Security- a type of security that is concern with the

protection of the students, faculty members, and school properties.

6. Supermarket or Mall Security- a type of security which is concern

with the protection of the stores, warehouses, storage, its

immediate premises and properties as well as the supermarket

personnel and customers. Security personnel are trained to detect

shoplifter, robbery, and bomb detection and customer relation.

7. Other Types- this includes all other security matters not covered

in the above enumeration.