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Particle Theory of Matter Explained

The document discusses the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It provides details on their properties including particle arrangement, movement, compressibility, and density. The particle theory is described where solids have closely packed particles, liquids have particles close together but not tightly packed, and gases have particles far apart. Changes of state including melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and deposition are also reviewed in the document.

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Hamza Khan
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129 views35 pages

Particle Theory of Matter Explained

The document discusses the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It provides details on their properties including particle arrangement, movement, compressibility, and density. The particle theory is described where solids have closely packed particles, liquids have particles close together but not tightly packed, and gases have particles far apart. Changes of state including melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and deposition are also reviewed in the document.

Uploaded by

Hamza Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solid, liquid and gas have different properties.

Give evidences to support the statement above.


By the end of the lesson, we will be able to:
• review the states of matter and their properties
• review the changes of state of matter
Liquids
Solids
Gases
Solid, liquid or gas?
Particle Model
• The particle theory states that all things are made of
tiny pieces, called particles
• Solids, liquids and gasses all have different
arrangements of these particles, giving them their
special properties…
Solids Liquids Gases
Particle Model
Solids Liquids Gases

State Solid Liquid Gas

Arrangement of Close together, tightly Close together, not


particles Far apart
packed tightly packed Irregular pattern
Regular pattern Irregular pattern

Movement of Move around Move quickly in


Vibrate on the
particles each other all directions
fixed position
Investigate compressibility

How easy is it to depress the


plunger? How can we explain
these observations?

Conclude that gases can be compressed easily because


their particles are far apart but that liquids and solids
cannot be compressed.
Properties Solid Liquid Gas
Particle Vibrate and move in
movement a restricted space

Particle Closely packed and


arrangement well arranged
Shape No fixed shape, fills
the entire container

Volume Fixed volume

density Least dense

compressibility Incompressible
Changing state
• Melting
• Freezing
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• (Sublimation)
• (Deposition)
Heat = energy

Energy= more movement

Heating up particles = making them move faster and further apart


Melting To melt means to change a
substance from a solid to a liquid
To freeze means to change a Freezing
substance from a liquid to a solid
Boiling Point
The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid
changes to gas (steam) when heated to its boiling point.
Evaporation
Evaporation is the change of a liquid into a gas
(vapor) at a temperature below the boiling point.
Evaporation
• In evaporation, a liquid turns
to a gas at any temperature.
Differences between boiling and evaporation
Boiling Evaporation
• Occurs at fixed temperature. • Occurs at any temperature.
• Quick process • Slow process
• Takes place throughout the • Takes place only at the liquid
liquid. surfaces.
• Bubbles are formed in the liquid. • No bubbles are formed in the liquid.
Condensation
Condensation is the change of a
gas or vapor to a liquid
Sublimation Deposition

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