SREE KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

UNAI, ANAICUT
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME 8462-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LAB-II

(IV SEMESTER – MECHANICAL)

Regulation 2017

RECORD NOTE BOOK

2021-2022

NAME : ____________________________________________________

REG NO : ____________________________________________________

SEM/YEAR: ____________________________________________________
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified to be bonafied record of work done by Name____________________________

Register No __________________________ Department of Mechanical Engineering

Semester______________in the subject of ___________________________________________________

During the year_________________________

The record is verified, Completed and Satisfactory

Date:

Head of the Department Staff in-charge

Submitted for the practical exam held on____________________________________

At Sree Krishna College of Engineering, Unai, Anaicut-632101.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 CONTENTS

S. Date of Page Date of

Marks Sign
No experiment Name of the Experiment No. Submission

1 STUDY OF MILLING MACHINE 1

CONTOUR MILLING USING VERTICAL MILLING
2
MACHINE 3

3 SPUR GEAR CUTTING IN MILLING MACHINE 5

HELICAL GEAR CUTTING IN MILLING

4
MACHINE 7

5 STUDY OF GRINDING MACHINE 9

6 PLAIN SURFACE GRINDING 11

7 CYLINDRICAL GRINDING 13

8 STUDY OF TOOL DYNAMOMETER 15

9 LATHE CUTTING FORCE MEASUREMENT 17

10 MILLING – CUTTING FORCE MEASUREMENT 19

11 GRINDING A SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL 21

STUDY OF CNC MACHINES AND FANUC 23

12
CODING
NC PART PROGRAMMING FOR FACING,
13
TURNING AND CHAMFERING (TURNING) 29

NC PART PROGRAMMING FOR CIRCULAR

14
POCKETING (MILLING) 33

15 STUDY OF CAPSTAN AND TURRET LATHE 37

16 MACHINING IN CAPSTAN LATHE 39

17 MACHINING IN TURRET LATHE 41

Ex.No: STUDY OF MILLING MACHINE
Date:

 Definition:
Milling is the process of machining flat, curved or irregular surface by feeding the work piece
against a rotating cutter containing a number of cutting edges

 Operation:
The milling machine consists basically of a motor driven spindle, which mounts and revolves the
milling cutter and a reciprocating adjustable worktable, which mounts and feed the work piece

 Types of Milling Machines:

1. Knee-type milling machine; 2. Universal Horizontal milling machine; 3. Ram type milling
machine; 4. Universal Ram type milling machine; 5. Swivel cutter head ram type milling machine

Vertical and Horizontal milling machines

 Milling Cutters:

Milling cutters are usually made of high-speed steel and are with its parts and angles identified. The
types of milling cutter are been classified as follows
1. Helical milling cutter; 2.Saw milling cutter; 3.Side milling cutter; 4.End milling cutter; 5.T slot
milling cutter ; 6.Angle milling cutter

Milling cutter type

 Selection of milling cutter:

The selection of milling cutter can be done through the possible ways

1. High speed steel, stellite and cemented carbides have a distinct advantage of being capable of
rapid production when used on a machine that can reach the proper speed.
2. The harder the material, the greater will be the heat generated in cutting. Cutter should be
selected for the heat resisting properties.
3. The two side milling cutters can be used for the majority of operations
 Cutting Tool Nomenclature: Shown below is a self-explanatory figure of cutting
toolnomenclature

Cutting tool Nomenclature

2
Calculation:
 Feed in mm/rev = Feed per tooth (ft) X number of cutter teeth(n)




 Feed per min (table feed) = F = feed per rev x cutter speed in RPM(V) = ft X n X V

3
 Ex.No: CONTOUR MILLING USING VERTICAL
MILLING MACHINE

Date:
 Aim: To perform the contour milling on given work piece using vertical milling machine

 Apparatus Required:
 Vertical Milling machine

 HSS – M8 end mill cutter

 Materials Required:

 Aluminium work piece – 100mm X 100mm X 10mm
 Procedure:
 Hold the work piece in the Arbor which holds it perfectly for machining

 Switch the spindle on and required RPM of rotation is set for the milling cutter

 The average cutting speed can be taken from the table listed as follows
Material of Brass Cast Bronze Mild High Carbon Hard Alloy Aluminium
W/p Iron Steel steel Steel
Cutting speed 45-60 21-30 24-45 21-30 15-18 9-18 150-300
m/min

 Depth of cut can be 3mm to 8mm for roughing operation and 0.5mm to 1.5mm for finishing
operation
 After setting the depth of cut, machining is carried out on the work piece with the specified
cutting parameters

 The required contour profile is produced on the work piece










 Result: Hence the required contour profile is produced on the work piece using vertical
millingmachine

4
Calculation:
 Module of the cutter (m) = 2.5 mm
 Blank Diameter = 55 mm
  Pitch Circle Diameter:
 For any gear, Outer Diameter( OD ) = Pitch circle diameter + ( 2 X module )
 For the given conditions, Pitch circle diameter (PCD ) = OD – ( 2 X m )

= 55 – (2 X 2.5)
= 50 mm
 Number Of teeth:
  Number of Teeth (Z) = PCD / m
= 50 / 2.5
= 20
Therefore number of teeth = 20
 Indexing Calculation:
 Indexing = 40 / Z = 40 / 20 = 2

5
Ex.No: SPUR GEAR CUTTING IN MILLING MACHINE
Date:

 Aim: To produce a spur gear out of the given work piece using milling machine 

 Apparatus Required:
  Horizontal Milling machine
  M10 – End Mill Cutter ( HSS )
 Gear tooth Vernier
 Materials Required:

 Cast Iron Work piece – 55mm diameter, 20mm thickness

 Procedure:

  The gear blank is held between the dividing head and tailstock using a mandrel.
  The cutter is mounted on the arbor and the cutter is centred accurately with the gear blank
 Set the speed and feed for machining. For giving depth of cut, the table is raised till
the periphery of the gear blank just touches the cutter
 The Micrometre dial of vertical feed screw is set to zero at this position. Then the table
is raised further to give the required depth of cut

  The machine is started and feed is given to the table to cut the first groove of the blank.
 After the cut, the table is brought back to the starting position. Then the gear blank
 is indexed for the next tooth space
  This is continued till all the teeth are cut
 Dimensions of the gear teeth profile are checked using the gear tooth Vernier

 Result: Thus a spur gear is made from the give work piece using milling machine 






6
 After machining
 Calculation:
  Pitch circle Diameter DP= Diameter of the Blank(D) – ( 2 X Module(m)) = 65-(2X2.5)=60
  Number of teeth Z= Pitch circle Diameter / module = 60 / 2.5 = 24
  Circular Pitch PC=πDP / Z
 The relationship between normal pitch and transverse pitch is given by
PN = PC X cosα
 Helical Gear considerations:
 Helix Angle α is related to Pitch circle diameter (DP) and the lead of the helix (L) by
the following relation
Tan α=πDP/ L =
 With any of the two known values, the third value can be found
 Indexing Calculation: Indexing = 40 / Z =







7
Ex.No: HELICAL GEAR CUTTING IN MILLING MACHINE
Date:

 Aim: To cut a helical gear out of the given blank in milling machine 

 Apparatus Required:
  Horizontal Milling machine
 M10 – End Milling cutter

 Materials Required: Cast Iron Blank – 65mm diameter and 20mm thickness
 Procedure:
 The M10 milling cutter is set on the mandrel
  The table is swivelled to an inclination of α ( Helix Angle ) with the axis of work piece 
 The required gear ratio is set between the work table and the mandrel holding the work
piece so that movement of the work table rotates the work piece through the proper
 helix angle progressively
 The spindle is switched on and the required depth of cut is set before the tool cuts the
 work piece.
  Single teeth cavity is cut through the work piece.
  After Indexing the next tooth is cut in similar fashion and so on
 The gear tooth dimensions are checked using a gear tooth Vernier 

 Result: Thus a helical gear is cut out of the given blank using horizontal milling machine 





8
Ex.No: STUDY OF GRINDING MACHINE
Date:

 Grinding is the process of removing metal by the application of abrasives which are bonded
to form a rotating wheel.

 When the moving abrasive particles contact the work piece, they act as tiny cutting tools,
each particle cutting a tiny chip from the work piece.

 It is a common error to believe that grinding abrasive wheels remove material by a rubbing
action;

 Actually, the process is as much a cutting action as drilling, milling, and lathe turning.

 A schematic of grinding operation is shown below

Mechanism of Grinding

 Types of Grinding Machines:

 The various types of grinding machines are described as follows
 Utility grinding machine
 Cylindrical grinding machine

 Surface grinding machine.

 Angle Grinder

 Tool Grinding machine

9
 Construction of Grinding Machine and wheel

 The construction of grinding machine and grinding wheel are described in figure as follows 

Reciprocating surface grinding machine

Perfect located grinding wheel

 Applications 

 The Grinding operations are mainly used for the applications are described as follows

I) Surface finishing ii) slitting & parting iii) De scaling, de burring IV) Stock removal finishing
of flat as well as cylindrical surface
10
11
Ex. No: PLAIN SURFACE GRINDING
Date:

 Aim: To perform plain surface grinding on the given work piece to the required dimensions 

 Apparatus required:
 Grinding machine

 Grinding Wheel

 Vernier Calliper
 Material Required:

 MS / CI plate 12mm X 50mm X 75mm
 Procedure:
 First the work piece is placed on the magnetic chuck

 The positioning of the work piece is aligned at right angles to the grinding wheel and
exactly parallel to the sides of the magnetic chuck by using slip gauges if necessary

 The magnetic chuck is switched on and the powerful electromagnet holds the job firmly
in position

 Now the spindle is turned on and the grinding wheel is just touched the work piece
surface to mark its zero / reference position

 Now the required feed, either totally or in steps, is given to the grinding wheel and the
wheel is traversed all over the work piece

 Same procedure is repeated until the required dimensions are achieved 

 Care should be taken for maintaining the surface finish

 Finally the dimensions are checked using either a Vernier calliper or a screw gauge 







 Result: Thus plain surface grinding is performed on the given work piece up to the
requireddimensions

12
Cylindrical grinding Process Schematic:

13
Ex.No: CYLINDRICAL GRINDING
Date:

 Aim: To grind the cylindrical surface of the given work piece by cylindrical grinding 

 Apparatus Required:
 Grinding machine

 Cylindrical grinding wheel setup

 Steel Rule

 Vernier Calliper

 Materials Required:

 Cast iron work piece
 Procedure:

 First the given work piece is preliminarily finished to the pre-required dimensions on a lathe
before beginning the grinding process
 Now the work piece is fitted in the chuck of the cylindrical grinding machine

 The grinding wheel is just touched with the work piece and is taken as the zero reference

 Coolant circulation is switched on and the grinding wheel is engaged with the work piece

 Both the work piece and the grinding wheel roll on contact with each other like two gears
in mesh

 Now slowly the wheel is moved over the entire length of the work piece to get the
grinded finish
 After one feed is over, the grinding wheel is moved further towards the axis of the
work piece and the process is repeated until the required dimensions are achieved

 Finally the dimensions are checked using a Vernier calliper

 Result: Thus cylindrical grinding is performed on the given work piece to the given dimensions




14
 Study of Tool Dynamometer
Ex. No:

Date:

 In orthogonal cutting resultant force applied to the chip by the tool lies in a plane normal
to the tool cutting edge

 This force is usually found experimentally by measurement of two of its components
 Cutting force - FC

 Thrust Force - FT

 The Principal cutting force is the resultant of these two forces and the figure below explains
the same

Cutting forces in chip formation

 In most metal cutting force dynamometers, tool force is determined by measuring

the deflection or strain in the elements supporting the cutting tool

 The dynamometer must give deflections that are large enough to be measured accurately.
Hence the design of a dynamometer largely depends on the strain or deflection measuring
device employed

 A simple two component type cutting force dynamometer is shown below

 Here it can be observed that the cutting tool is supported on the tool post like a cantilever

15
  The vertical and horizontal deflections of the cantilever under the action of the resultant
tool force are taken as a measure of the two force components FC and FT

Simple two component tool dynamometer for lathe

 Many effective dynamometers have been developed using a range of deflection /
strain measuring methods including strain gauges, piezoelectric load cells etc for
increased resolution and stiffness
 The two force components FC and FT thus measured using the dynamometer can be used to
calculate various important variables in the process of continuous chip formation
 The forces thus calculated determines the stress / load on the tool during machining
and hence is a very important data for designing the tool shank

 They also give us a bare minimum value of load that the work piece has to withstand which
is imposed upon it during machining. So during the design of the product itself,
considerations are to be given such that the work piece will not fail during machining, owing
to the cutting force imposed on it during machining process

 Thus the cutting force measurement gives us a deep insight into the tool life, product
design, tool design etc., and hence is a very important for any manufacturing firm doing
mass production

16
 Forces involved in turning process

A typical dynamometer sensing unit setup around carbide tipped cutting tool

Principal Forces Measurement Tabulation:

S.No Depth of cut (mm) Speed (RPM) FC KgF FT KgF

1 0.2mm

2 0.5mm

3 0.8mm

17
 Ex.No: LATHE CUTTING FORCE MEASUREMENT
Date:
 Aim: To measure the principal forces in orthogonal machining by lathe tool dynamometer

 Apparatus Requires:
 Centre lathe

 Cutting tool with carbide tip insert

 Lathe tool Dynamometer
(i)Sensing Unit (ii) Force Indicator Unit (iii) Connecting wires

 Material Required:

 MS / CI work piece for which the principal cutting forces of machining are to be
measured

 Procedure:
 The tool on which the dynamometer is to be mounted is first fixed on the tool post
of the lathe

 Next the dynamometer is inserted via the cutting edge and is pushed and made
square with the tool post, resting suspended on the tool itself through the slot on the
dynamometer

 Now the dynamometer setup is tightened so that any further movement / deflection
of the tool body will activate the strain gauges and will give output

 Now the sensing unit of the dynamometer is connected to the force indicator unit
with the help of the connecting wires 

 First the lathe is switched on and the carbide tip of the tool is just made to touch the
work piece surface very gently and the force indicator setup is calibrated to read zero 

 Now the machining is carried out and the corresponding values of the principal
forces cutting force (FC) and Thrust force (FT) are noted down

 The same experiment is repeated for various depth of cuts and cutting speeds and
the values of the corresponding principal forces are tabulated 


 Result: Thus the principal forcesFCandFTturning in lathe are measured using
adynamometer and the results are tabulated 

18
 Milling force measurement – strain gauge octagonal ring setup
Cutting force measurement Tabulation:

Speed
S.No Depth of cut (mm) (RPM) FX KgF FY KgF FZ KgF

1 0.2mm

2 0.5mm

3 0.8mm

19
Ex. No: MILLING – CUTTING FORCE MEASUREMENT
Date:

 Aim: To measure the cutting forces in milling process using a side milling cutter

 Apparatus Required:

i) Horizontal milling machine ii) Side Milling cutter iii) Milling dynamometer

 Material Required:

 MS or CI work piece of required dimensions 

 Procedure:
 The principal difference between the lathe tool dynamometer and the milling
dynamometer is that, in a lathe the tool is stationary whereas in the milling
machine the tool is rotating cutter

 Hence here the dynamometer sensing unit cannot be fixed to the tool but could be
fixed to the work piece that is stationary

 Work piece is kept on a platform which is mounted over four octagonal rings
as shown in figure

 The octagonal ring is mounted with a strain gauge for measuring transverse
force and one for measuring radial force. 

 In total the setup has four octagonal rings place in strategic positions as shown in the
figure. Hence in total there are four strain gauges measuring transverse force and
four for measuring radial force

 As the milling process proceeds, forces in all the three directions are measures
by summing up the data from all the strain gauges and taking average 

 The results are displayed in the force indicator unit of the dynamometer

 The experiment is repeated for various feeds, cutting speeds and depth of cuts

 The cutting forces in all three directions are tabulated







 Result: Thus the cutting forces involved in milling operation have been measured using
adynamometer

20
 Single point cutting tool Nomenclature

Single point cutting tool angles

Grinding Angles To be followed:

Back Rake Side Rake End cutting Side cutting End Clearance Side Clearance
angle Angle edge angle edge angle angle Angle

8° 10° 15° 15° 5° 5°

21
Ex. No: GRINDING A SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL
Date:
 Aim: To perform grinding operation on the given HSS tool bit to make it into a
singlepoint cutting tool

 Apparatus Required:
 Universal two axis vice

 Tool grinding machine, with alumina wheel

 Tool maker’s microscope

 Material Required:

 HSS tool bit 
 Procedure:
 The given tool mounted on the vice and the jaws of the vice are tightened 

 The horizontal axis nut is loosened and the required angle is set on the vice with
respect to the end cutting edge angle and the end cutting edge is ground first 

 Similarly the side cutting edge inclination is set on the vice and the side cutting
edge is ground

 Now the vertical axis nut of the vice is loosened and the back rake angle is set on
the vice, the back rake angle is ground

 Now the vice is loosened and the tool is removed from the vice and is fixed in a
different position, with the cutting edge pointing upwards, perpendicular to the
previous position

 Now similarly end clearance, side clearance and side rake angle are ground 

 Thus a single point cutting tool is made out of the given HSS blank 

 Result: Thus single point cutting tool has be ground out of the given HSS blank using
toolgrinder and universal 2 axis vice 
22
Ex.No: STUDY OF CNC MACHINES AND FANUC CODING
Date:
 Modern precision manufacturing demands extreme dimensional accuracy and surface finish

 Such performance is very difficult to achieve manually, if not impossible, even with
expert operators

 In cases where it is possible, it takes much higher time due to the need for frequent
dimensional measurement to prevent overcutting

 Development of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines has also made possible the
automation of the machining processes with flexibility to handle production of small to
medium batch of parts

 A typical CNC machining centre is shown below

CNC Turning Centre

 Here programs are written in the form of special codes specifically coded for CNC machine

 Each code performs a specific task assigned, with the integration of the microprocessor of
the on board computer, which in turn regulates the voltage supplied to the various actuators
of the machining centre such as
 Servo Motor of the main spindle / chuck

 Stepper motor of the tool carriage

 Stepper motor of the tool changer pallet

 Coolant on / off pumps and so on

 It is mandatory to have a sound knowledge of the coding, in order to write a part program
which in turn is executed by the machine once the program is loaded on to its RAM
 The structure of the coding system is shown below, which shows the typical coding used for
various functions of a lathe

23
 CNC program structure
 Given below is the system of coding used for writing CNC part programs

 GROUPS OF PROGRAM WORDS:
The sequence of the words in an NC – block is designated as follows:

S.No Address Definition

1 N Block number

2 G G-functions

3 X, Y, Z Coordinates

4 I, J, K Interpolation Parameter

5 F Feed

6 S Speed

7 T Tool position

8 M Additional functions

 SEQUENCE OF PROGRAM WORDS:

24
 Block number N:

 The block number is the first word in a block and designates it.

 It can only be conferred once. The block number has no influence on the execution of the
individual blocks since they are involved in following the order in which they were entered
into the control.

 G – FUNCTION:

 Together with the words for the coordinates, this word essentially determines the geometric
part of the NC program. It consists of the address letter G and a two-digit code.

 COORDINATES X, Y, Z:

The coordinates X, Y, Z define the target points that are needed for travel.

 INTERPOLATION PARAMETERS I, J, K:

 The interpolation parameters I, J, K are e.g. used to define the centre of a circle for circular
movements. They are usually entered incrementally.

 FEED F:

 The speed at which the tool is to be moved is programmed with the function F; the in feed
speed is usually entered in mm/min. For turning, the unit mm/min pertaining to spindle
rotation can also be used.

 SPINDLE SPEED S:


This function is for entering the spindle speed. It can be directly programmed in rotations per
minute.

 TOOL POSITION T:
 The address T together with a numerical code designates a specific tool. The definition of
this address differs according to the control and can have the following functions:

 Saving the tool dimensions in the tool offset table.


 Loading the tool from the tool magazine.

25
 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS M:

The additional functions, also known as auxiliary functions, primarily contain technical data
that is not programmed in the words with address letters F, S, T.

 These functions are entered with the address letter M and a two-digit code.

26
G – CODES & M – CODES FOR FANUC MILLING:

G – Code Function M – Code Function

G00 Rapid transverse M00 Program stop
G01 Linear interpolation M01 Optional stop
Circular interpolation
G02 (clockwise) M02 End of program
Circular interpolation /(anti
G03 clockwise) M03 Spindle rotation (cw)
G04 Dwell M04 Spindle rotation (ccw)
G20 Input in inch M05 Spindle stop
G21 Input in mm M06 Auto tool change
G28 Go to reference M07 Mist coolant on
G40 Cutter compensation cancel M08 Flood coolant on
G41 Compensation left M09 Coolant off
G42 Compensation right M10 Work clamp
G50 Coordinate system setting M11 Work unclamp
G73 Fast peck drilling M20/21 ATC arm in/out
G84 Tapping cycle M22/23 ATC arm down/up
G85 Boring cycle M24/25 ATC arm clamping
G90 Absolute Command M32/33 ATC cw/ ccw
G91 Incremental command M38 Door open
G92 Set datum M39 Door close
G94 Feed per minute M62/63 Aux 1/2 on
G95 Feed per revolution M70 X mirror ON
G98 Return to initial position M71 X mirror OFF
G99 Return to R point M80 Y mirror ON
M81 Y mirror OFF
M99 End of sub program M98 Sub program call

27
 OTHER FUNCTION:

Function
Code
N Sequence number
X, Y, Z, Coordinate axis motion
A, B, C command
R Arc radius, thread lead
I, J, K Coordinate values of arc centre
F Feed rate thread lead
S Spindle speed
Tool number, Tool offset
T
number
B Index table
H Designation of offset number
P, X Dwell time

 CANNED CYCLE:

 A canned cycle or fixed cycle may be defined as a set of instructions inbuilt or stored in the
system memory to perform a sequence of operations.

 It is a combination of machine movements that perform machining operations like drilling,

milling, boring and tapping.

 This cycle simplifies the program by using a single block with a G-code to specify the
machining operations usually specified in several blocks. It is also called as fixed cycle.



 Result:
Thus the important features, programming structures, codes used in manual part
programming were studied.

28
29
 Ex.No: NC PART PROGRAM FOR FACING TURNING
AND CHAMFERING
Date:

 AIM:

To write a program and simulate the tool path for the operation involved in the component as
given in the figure using FANUC turning software.

 SOFTWARE USED:

FANUC Turning simulator

 PROGRAM CODE:

CODE
CODE EXPLANATION
DESCRIPTION

[BILLET X60 Z150 Work piece size of 60mm diameter 150mm length
G21 G40 Input in mm, Cutter compensation cancel,
G98 Feed per minute
G28 U0 W0 Go to reference 0,0
M06 T0101 Tool change and select tool T0101 from tool kit
Spindle rotates at the speed of 1200 Rpm in clockwise
M03 S1200
direction

Constant cutting speed ON, Move tool to 60mm in X

G96 G00 X60 Z1
axis and 1mm in Z axis from its home position
G90 X59 Z -110 F30 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm

X58 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm

X57 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm

X56 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm

X55 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm

30
 CODE
CODE EXPLANATION
DESCRIPTION

X54 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm

X53 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm
X52 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm
X51 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm
X50 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 110mm
Move tool to 50mm in X axis and 1mm in Z axis from its
G00 X50 Z1
position
G90 X49 Z-75 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X48 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X47 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X46 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X45 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X44 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X43 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X42 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X41 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
X40 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 75mm
Move tool to 40mm in X axis and 1mm in Z axis from its
G00 X40 Z1
position
G90 X39 Z-45 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm
X38 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm
X37 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm

X36 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm

X35 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm

X34 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm
X33 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm

31
 CODE
CODE EXPLANATION
DESCRIPTION

X32 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm

X31 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm
X30 By turning operation remove 1mm for the length 45mm
Move tool to 30mm in X axis and 1mm in Z axis from its
G00 X30 Z1
position
By turning operation, chamfering is done with the radius
G90 X30 Z-2 R2 F30
2mm for the length 2mm
G28 U0W0 Go to reference 0,0
M05 Spindle stop
M30 End of program

 RESULT:

Thus the program for given component drawing was written and checked using FANUC
turning simulator

32
33
Ex.No: NC PART PROGRAM FOR CIRULAR POCKETING
Date:

 AIM: To write a program and simulate the tool path for the operation involved in the componentas
given in the figure using FANUC milling software.

 SOFTWARE USED:

FANUC Milling simulator

 PROGRAM CODE:

CODE
CODE EXPLANATION
DESCRIPTION

[BILLE Work piece size of 150mm length, 150mm width and

X150 Y150 Z20
T 20mm thickness
[TOOL
T01 L65 T10 Selecting the tool series T01, length 65mm
DEF
G21
Input in mm, Cutter compensation cancel, Return to initial
G40
position
G98
M06 Auto tool change
Spindle rotates at the speed of 1500 Rpm in clockwise
M03 S1500
direction
G00 X0 Y0 Z0 Go to reference 0, 0, 0
G00 X0 Y5 Move tool in Y axis for 5mm
Linear interpolation, move tool in Z axis for 5mm(Depth
G01 Z-5 F30
of cut)
Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 5mm with 5
G01 X5 Y0
mm in Z axis as depth of cut
Move tool in X axis for 50mm with 5 mm in Z axis as
G01 X50 Y0
depth of cut

34
 CODE
CODE EXPLANATION
DESCRIPTION

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 50mm and in

G01 X50 Y10
Y axis for 10mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 52.5mm and

G01 X52.5 Y15
in Y axis for 15mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 97.5mm and

G01 X97.5 Y15
in Y axis for 15mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut
Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 100mm and
G01 X100 Y10
in Y axis for 10mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut
Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 100mm with
G01 X100 Y0
5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut
Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 145mm with
G01 X145 Y0
5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 150mm and

G01 X150 Y5
in Y axis for 5mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 150mm and

G01 X150 Y145
in Y axis for 145mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

G01 X145 Y150 Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 145mm and
in Y axis for 150mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

G01 X100 Y150 Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 100mm and
in Y axis for 150mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

G01 X97.5 Y135 Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 97.5mm and
in Y axis for 135mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

35
 CODE
CODE EXPLANATION
DESCRIPTION

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 52.5mm and

G01 X52.5 Y135
in Y axis for 135mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 50mm and in

G01 X50 Y140
Y axis for 140mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut

Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 50mm and in

G01 X50 Y150
Y axis for 150mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut
Linear interpolation, move tool in X axis for 5mm and in
G01 X5 Y150
Y axis for 150mm with 5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut
Linear interpolation, move tool in Y axis for 145mm with
G01 X0 Y145
5 mm in Z axis as depth of cut
Linear interpolation, move tool in Y axis for 5mm with 5
G01 X0 Y5
mm in Z axis as depth of cut
G00 X0 Y0 Z0 Go to reference 0, 0, 0
R0 P0 Q1 X75 Move tool in X axis for 75mm and in Y axis for 75mm , 5
G170 Y75 Z-5 I0 J0 mm in Z axis as depth of cut, interpolation coordinates I
K10 as 0mm, J as 0mm and K as 10mm(Radius of the circle)
P90 S1500 R15
Spindle speed as 1500Rpm, each cycle with 1mm depth of
G171 F100 B2500
cut
J200
G00 X0 Y0 Z0 Go to reference 0, 0, 0
G28 U0 W0 Go to home position
M05 Spindle stop
M30 End of program

 RESULT: Thus the program for given component drawing was written and checked
usingFANUC Milling simulator.

36
Ex.No: STUDY OF CAPSTAN AND TURRET LATHE
Date:
 The conventional general purpose automated lathes can be classified as,

(a) Semiautomatic :
(i) Capstan lathe (ram type turret lathe) (ii)Turret lathe (iii)Multiple spindle turret
lathe (iv)Copying (hydraulic) lathe
(b) Automatic :
 Automatic cutting off lathe, Single spindle automatic lathe, Swiss type automatic lathe ,
multiple spindle automatic lathes
The characteristic features of semiautomatic lathes are;
• some major auxiliary motions and handling operations like bar feeding, speed change, tool
change etc. are done quickly and consistently with lesser human involvement
• The operators need lesser skill and putting lesser effort and attention
• Suitable for batch or small lot production
• Costlier than centre lathes of same
capacity  Capstan and Turret lathes
The semiautomatic lathes, capstan lathe and turret lathe are very similar in construction, operation
and application

 In contrast to centre lathes, capstan and turret lathes


• Are semiautomatic
• Possess an axially movable index able turret (mostly hexagonal) in place of tailstock

37
 • Holds large number of cutting tools; up to four in index able tool post on the front slide, one in the
rear slide and up to six in the turret (if hexagonal) as indicated in the schematic diagrams.
• Are more productive for quick engagement and overlapped functioning of the tools in addition to
faster mounting and feeding of the job and rapid speed change.
• Enable repetitive production of same job requiring less involvement, effort and attention of the
operator for pre-setting of work–speed and feed rate and length of travel of the cutting tools
• Are relatively costlier are suitable and economically viable for batch production or small lot
production.

 Differences in between capstan and turret lathes:

• Turret lathes are relatively more robust and heavy duty machines
• Capstan lathes generally deal with short or long rod type blanks held in collet, whereas turret
lathes mostly work on chucking type jobs held in the quick acting chucks
• In capstan lathe, the turret travels with limited stroke length within a saddle type guide block,
called auxiliary bed, which is clamped on the main bed. And heavy turret being mounted on the
saddle which directly slides with larger stroke length on the main bed as indicated in figure
• One additional guide rod or pilot bar is provided on the headstock of the turret lathes as shown in
Figure, to ensure rigid axial travel of the turret head
• External screw threads are cut in capstan lathe, if required, using a self-opening die being mounted
in one face of the turret, whereas in turret lathes external threads are generally cut, if required, by a
single point or multipoint chasing tool being mounted on the front slide and moved by a short lead
screw and a swing type half nut.

38
39
Ex no: MACHINING IN CAPSTAN LATHE
Date:
 Aim:

To perform the multiple operations on the given work piece using Capstan lathe.

 Apparatus Required:

 Capstan lathe

 H.S.S single point cutting tool

 Parting tool

 Material Used:

 MS rod

 Procedure:

 Switch on the machine and the driving power of all the cutting tools comes from the spindle.

 Hold the work piece in the collet which holds the work piece perfectly for machining.

 Set the tools in the as per sequence of the operation required in the multiple spindle.

 Then start the machining as usual as in centre lathe.

 After the completion of first operation adjust the handle in order to move the next tool and
perform the next operation

 Result:

Hence the component is produced as per the required shape in capstan lathe

40
41
Ex no: MACHINING IN TURRET LATHE
Date:
 Aim:

To perform the multiple operations on the given work piece using turret lathe.

 Apparatus Required:

 Turret lathe

 H.S.S single point cutting tool

 Parting tool

 Material Used:

 MS rod

 Procedure:

 Switch on the machine and the driving power of all the cutting tools comes from the spindle.

 Hold the work piece in the collet which holds the work piece perfectly for machining.

 Set the tools in the as per sequence of the operation required in the multiple spindle.

 Then start the machining as usual as in centre lathe.

 After the completion of first operation adjust the handle in order to move the next tool and
perform the next operation

 Result:

Hence the component is produced as per the required shape in capstan lathe

42