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 A
CHILDREN! THESE INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR YOU...

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♦ For each and every conceptual understanding, a real life context with appropriate
illustrations are given in the textbook. Try to understand the concept through keen
reading of context along with observation of illustration.
♦ While understanding the concepts through activities, some doubts may arise.
Clarify those doubts by through discussion with your friends and teachers,
understand the mathematical concepts without any doubts.

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♦ ''Do this/Do these" exercises are given to test yourself, how far the concept has
been understood. If you are facing any difficulty in solving problems in these
exercises, you can clarify them by discussing with your teacher.

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♦ The problems given in "Try this/try these", can be solved by reasoning, thinking
creatively and extensively. When you face difficulty in solving these problems,
you can take the help of your friends and teachers.
♦ The activities or discussion points given "Think & discuss" have been given

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for extensive understanding of the concept by thinking critically. These activities
should be solved by discussions with your fellow students and teachers.
♦ Different types of problems with different concepts discussed in the chapter
are given in an "Exercise" given at the end of the concept/chapter. Try to solve
these problems by yourself at home or at leisure time in school.

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♦ The purpose of "Do this"/Do these", and "Try this/Try these" exercises is to
solve problems in the presence of teacher only in the class itself.
♦ Wherever the "project works" are given in the textbook, you should conduct
them in groups. But the reports of project works should be submitted individually.
♦ Try to solve the problems given as homework on the day itself. Clarify your
doubts and make corrections also on the day itself by discussing with your
teachers.
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♦ Try to collect more problems or make new problems on the concepts learnt
and show them to your teachers and fellow students.
♦ Try to collect more puzzles, games and interesting things related to mathematical
concepts and share with your friends and teachers.
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♦ Do not confine mathematical conceptual understanding only to classroom. But,

try to relate them with your surroundings outside the classroom.
♦ Student must solve problems, give reasons and make proofs, be able to
communicate mathematically, connect concepts to understand more concepts
& solve problems and able to represent in Mathematics learning.
♦ Whenever you face difficulty in achieving above competencies/skills/standards,
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you may take the help of your teachers.

 MATHEMATICS
CLASS - IV

TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT & PUBLISHING COMMITTEE

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AN
Chief Production Officer : Sri. A. Satyanarayana Reddy,
Director, SCERT, Hyderabad.

Executive Chief Organiser : Sri.B. Sudhakar,

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Director, Govt. Text Book Press, Hyderabad.

Organising Incharge :
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Dr. Nannuru Upender Reddy,
Prof. & Head, Curriculum & Text Book Department,
SCERT, Hyderabad.
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Published by
The Government of Telangana, Hyderabad

Respect the Law Grow by Education

Get the Rights Behave Humbly

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 i

 © Government of Telangana, Hyderabad.

First Published 2013

New Impressions 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

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All rights reserved.

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No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form or by any means without the prior permission in

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writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated
in any form of binding or cover other than that in
which it is published and without a similar condition
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including this condition being imposed on the sub-
sequent purchaser.
The copy right holder of this book is the Director
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of School Education, Hyderabad, Telangana.
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This Book has been printed on 70 G.S.M. Maplitho

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Title Page 200 G.S.M. White Art Card

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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22

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Printed in India
at the Telangana Govt. Text Book Press,
Mint Compound, Hyderabad,
Telangana.

–– o ––

ii
 TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS

WRITERS
Sri. Ch. Keshava Reddy, SGT, PS Motla Palli, Srirampur Mandal, Karimnagar District.
Sri. A. Saidi Reddy, SGT, PS Zapthi Veerappa Gudem, Miryalaguda Mandal, Nalgonda District.
Sri. Ch. Keshav, SGT, UPS Vattipally, Marriguda Mandal, Nalgonda District.
Sri. T. Suresh, SGT, UPS Lingampet, Jagityal Mandal, Karimnagar District.
Sri. Marrapu Srinivasa rao, SGT, PS Y. Sembi, Salur Mandal, Vizianagaram District.
Sri. S. Dharmender Singh, SA, UPS Ponna, Ichoda Mandal, Adilabad District.

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Sri. Nagula Ravi Goud, SA, Z.P.H.S. Lokeshwaram, Lokeshwaram Mandal, Adilabad District.
Sri. K. Sreedhara Charyulu, SA, Z.P.H.S. Rangayyapally, Medak District.

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Sri. K. Ramaiah, SA, Z.P.S.S. Kasimdevpet, Mulugu Mandal, Warangal District.
Sri. Khaja Bande Nawaz, SA, Z.P.H.S. Kalugotla, Kurnool District.
Sri. S. Rajashekar Reddy, SA, Z.P.H.S. Medivemula, Kurnool District.
Sri. K. Nageshwar Rao, HM, G..[Link], West Godavari District.

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Sri.T. Sairamakrishna, HM, BFMHS Samalkot, East Godavari District.
Sri.M. Ramanjaneyulu, Lecturer, DIET Vikarabad, Ranga Reddy District.
WRITER & COORDINATOR
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[Link] Rajender Reddy, Coordinator, Mathematics Textbooks, S.C.E.R.T., Hyderabad.

EDITORS
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Dr. S. Suresh Babu, Professor, SCERT, Hyderabad.
Sri.K. Brahmaiah, Retd. Professor, SCERT, Hyderabad.
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Sri.B. Harisarvothama Rao, Retd. Lecturer, SCERT, Hyderabad.

CHAIR PERSON FOR POSITION PAPER AND MATHS CURRICULUM AND TEXT BOOK DEVELOPMENT
Prof.V. Kannan, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Hyderabad.
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CHIEF ADVISORS
Sri Chukka Ramaiah, Dr. H.K. Dewan,
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Educationist, Education Advisor, Vidya Bhawan Society

Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. Resource Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan.

ACADEMIC SUPPORT GROUP MEMBERS

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Smt. Padma Priya Shirali, Community Mathematic Centre, Rishi Vally School, Chittoor District.
Smt. Namirta Batra, Vidya Bhawan Society, Resource Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan.
Kumari Varsha Gupta, Vidya Bhawan Society, Resource Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan.
Ms. Preeti Mishra, Vidya Bhawan Society, Resource Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan.
Sri. Sharan Gopal, Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Hyderabad.
IlLUSTRATIONS AND DESIGN TEAM
Sri. Prashanth Soni, Vidya Bhawan Society, Resource Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan.
Sri. Bhawani Shankar, Vidya Bhawan Society, Resource Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan.
Sri. Kailash Yadav, Vidya Bhawan Society, Resource Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 iii

 FORE WORD
Mathematics is a part of every child's daily life. A child who is helping her parents in the kitchen or in
the field or is even playing with her friends is constantly engaging with mathematical problems of
various types. So, far from knowing 'no mathematics' a child who starts coming to school brings with
herself a variety of experiences about numbers and space, often much richer than any one of us appreciate.
Children also have immense potential to learn and more importantly all children are capable of learning
mathematics. Their curiosity about the world and the need to understand it complements their capability.
Children's innate abilities for mathematics such as those for classification, matching, estimation, analysis,

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mapping, generalization etc., along with their experiences of quantity and space are aids to classroom
teaching which all of us as teachers should utilize during classroom time.

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It is also important to appreciate that while Mathematics learns from human experiences, its growth and
progression is not dependent on them; but it relies on the logic and creativity of the human mind. So, the
goal of teaching mathematics goes beyond developing 'useful' numeracy capabilities. The ability to

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reason mathematically and handle abstraction are central to mathematics learning. Learning mathematics
also should not be equated to learning only numbers and spatial visualizations, patterns etc. They are
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integral part of mathematical knowledge that children should be asked to engage with.
The aforesaid vision of mathematics teaching presented in State Curriculum Framework
(SCF)-2011 has been elaborated in its Mathematics Position Paper which also clearly lays down the
Academic Standards of teaching mathematics in the State. The textbooks make an attempt to concretize
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all these sentiments discussed in these documents.
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Concepts are placed in meaningful contexts and they are also arrived at by observing patterns, and
providing children opportunities to state them in their own words. Use of definitions and irrelevant
terminology has been avoided. Multiple ways in which children can solve a problem are encouraged and
various attempts have also been made to help children understand the algorithm than engage with it
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mechanically. Problem posing is an important part of mathematics and children have been encouraged
to create a variety of problems. Space has been provided for both individual work and collaborative
learning. Pictures have been used thoughtfully to aid both concept building and also act as fillers to
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encourage different ideas such as collaborative learning. The book is designed in colour to add to a
child's interest.
The State Council for Education, Research and Training, Telangana appreciates the hard work of the
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textbook development committee. Several teachers from all over Andhra Pradesh have contributed to the
development of this textbook. We are grateful to the district education officers, mandal education officers
and head teachers for making this possible. We also thank the institutions and organizations which have
given their time in the development of this textbook. We are grateful to the office of the Commissioner
Director- School Education for extending its co-operation in developing this textbook. In the endeavor
to continuously improve the quality of our work, we welcome your comments and suggestions on this
book.
Director,
SCERT, Hyderabad

iv
 CONTENTS

S. CONTENTS SYLLABUS TO PAGE

NO. BE COVERED NO.
DURING

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1. Many objects - Different shapes June 1-7

2. Different views - Different sides June 8-14

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3. Some more shapes July 15-22

4. Knowing numbers July 23-37

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5. How much more - How much less? August 38-48

6. How many times? August 49-60

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7. Equal shares and equal groups September 61-70
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8. How long is this? September 71-79

9. How much does it weigh? October 80-90

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10. How much do these bottles hold? November 91-98

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11. Tick-Tock goes the clock November 99-107

12. Dividing into equal parts December 108-117

13. Smart tables December 118-124

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14. Borders and boundaries January 125-129

15. Halves that look alike January 130-133

16. Patterns February 134-140

17. Maths around us February 141-146

Revision March

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 v

 OUR NATIONAL ANTHEM
- Rabindranath Tagore

Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Punjab-Sindh-Gujarat-Maratha

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Dravida-Utkala-Banga

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Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchhala-jaladhi-taranga.
Tava shubha name jage,

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Tava shubha asisa mage,
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Gahe tava jaya gatha,
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
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Jaya he! jaya he! jaya he!
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Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he!!

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PLEDGE
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- Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao

“India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters.

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I love my country, and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage.

I shall always strive to be worthy of it.
I shall give my parents, teachers and all elders respect,
and treat everyone with courtesy. I shall be kind to animals
To my country and my people, I pledge my devotion.
In their well-being and prosperity alone lies my happiness.”

vi
 1 Many objects - Different shapes

Today, the teacher is showing objects of various shapes to children in class 4.

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Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 1

Categorize these objects based on their shapes. Also, extend this list based on
objects you see around you.

Ball -like Brick-like Dice-like Joker hat-like Drum-like

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Think and Discuss

1. Do we roll them or slide them?
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(a) Does a ball roll? Do all ball-shaped objects roll?

(b) How many ways can we move a suitcase from one place to another?
Can we roll it for moving it from one place to another?
(c) Can objects with a drum-like shape be rolled? Can they also slide?
(d) Why some objects can only be rolled? Why some only slide? Why
some objects can be rolled and slide them?

2 Many objects - Different shapes

 Activity

Madhuri Seetha
Nithya and her 5 friends are
playing a game. They blind-
folded Pallavi and asked her to
clap as long as she wished while Nithya

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the others ran around a table.
The moment Pallavi stopped

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clapping everybody would stop
wherever they are. Those who Latha Geetha
are not at the corners of the table Pallavi
would be out.

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Who is standing at the corners of the table? Who is out of this game? Why?
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Now let us count the edges and corners of different shaped objects.
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1. How many edges do brick-shaped objects have? How many corners?
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corner

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Number of edges ____________ Number of edges ____________

Number of corners ____________ Number of corners ____________

Teacher Note : Before undertaking this activity, introduce objects of various shapes to children and help
them to recognise and count their edges and corners.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 3

2. How many edges do dice-shaped objects have? How many corners do they
have?

corner

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edge

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Number of edges ____________ Number of edges ____________
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Number of corners ____________ Number of corners ____________
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3. How many edges do joker hat-shaped objects have? How many corners do
they have?

corner
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edge

Number of edges ____________ Number of edges ____________

Number of corners ____________ Number of corners ____________

4 Many objects - Different shapes

4. How many edges do drum-shaped objects have? Do they have corners?
edge

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AN
Number of edges ____________ Number of edges ____________

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Number of corners ____________ AN Number of corners ____________

5. Do ball-shaped objects have edges and corners? ____________

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Think and discuss
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Why do you think that ball and drum-shaped objects roll?

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Boxes of various types

Take a soap box, put it on a paper and trace all its faces as shown here.
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Face
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Face Face

(a) How many faces does a soap-box have? _________

(b) Do all the faces look alike? _________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 5

 (c) Now open the soap box carefully along its edges. Does it look like the
picture given below?

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This is called the net of the soapbox.
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(d) This toothpaste box will open up into which of these nets?
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(i) (ii) (iii)

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Do This

1. Collect various objects like tooth paste box, sweet box, shoe box etc and
open them. Then draw their net forms in your notebook.

6 Many objects - Different shapes

Lets play with a dice.
Take a dice and put it on a paper and trace all its faces.

(a) How many faces does a dice have? ________

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(b) Do all the faces look alike? ________

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Some open boxes
Which of the following nets can be used to make the box in the

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picture?
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 2 Different views - Different sides
Nithya, Meghana, Madhu all have drawn pictures of the same bus but each of them
looks different. Think, why do they look different?

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AN
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Nithya
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Madhu
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(a) Whose picture represents the front view of the bus?

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(b) Whose picture represents the top view?

(c) Whose picture represents the side view?
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Try This
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1. Go into your kitchen and find out how the following objects look from top.
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Which shape do they resemble?

8 Different views - Different sides

 Do This

1. Given below are pictures of some more objects. Write 'T' against the pictures
which present the top view of the object, write 'S' against the pictures which
present the side view.

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Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 9

From which side the photograph has been taken?
Given below are three pictures of a location. Can you identify which is taken from
the front, which is taken from the back and which from the side?

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10 Different views - Different sides

 Mittu and Meena's journey
Mittu and Meena were sitting on the fan of this classroom.

(a) How many children do they see?

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(b) What is the teacher doing?

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(c) What is there on the teacher's table?

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(d) How many children have opened
books on their table?
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(e) Can you draw a book on the teacher's
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chair?
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Try This
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1. How would your classroom look from the top? Try to draw its picture.
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Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 11

Mittu and Meena then flew away from the school and started crossing the fields.
They looked down and saw this view.

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(a) How many huts are there around the school? _________ What shape
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do they look like from top? _____________

(b) How many trees are there? _____________

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(c) How many vehicles are there on the road? _________ Guess what
they could be? _________

(d) How many animals can you see? _____________

(e) How many round shaped objects do you see? _____________

(f) What are the other things that you can see in the picture? Discuss with
your friends.

12 Different views - Different sides

____________________________________________________________
Now, Mittu and Meena are flying over another place. Guess from where
they are flying?

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(a) How many railway tracks do you see? ________

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(b) On how many tracks the train is present? ________

(c) What are the other things that you can see in the
picture? Discuss with your friends.
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__________________________________

(d) When we stand on a railway track the track looks

like this, why does the railway track look broader
on one side and narrower on the other?
_________________________________

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 (e) Where else have you noticed this happening?
__________________________________
One box on top of the other
1. Look carefully. There are four boxes here.

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2. How many boxes are there in each picture given below?

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(a) (b)
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(c)
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(d)
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(e)
(f)
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(g)

14 Different views - Different sides

 3 Some more shapes
What shapes do you see in this classroom?

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shaped objects : __________________________________________

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shaped objects : __________________________________________

shaped objects : __________________________________________

shaped objects : __________________________________________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 15

What are these shapes called?
Rectangle
We have already traced the faces of a soap-box
as album in the picture.

They look like this

A
side side

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Both these shapes are called rectangles.
(a) How many sides do rectangles have?
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(b) How many corners do rectangles have?
(c) Are all the sides of a rectangle equal?
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Square
You have also drawn the faces of a dice as shown in the
picture.
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They look like this

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This shape is called a square.

(a) How many sides does it have?
(b) How many corners does it have?
(c) Are all the sides equal?

16 Some more shapes

 Do This
1. Identify the objects in your classroom which are in the shape of squares and
rectangles and write in the table below.
Rectangles Squares

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AN
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Triangles AN
Take a square sheet of paper.
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Fold it as shown here.

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This shape is called a triangle.

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(a) How many sides does the triangle have? ________

(b) How many corners does the triangle have? ________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 17

 Do This

1. Which objects around you are in triangular shape? Write them below.
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
Think and discuss

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1. Which of the following is a triangle?

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Circle
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Latha used her bangle and mother's bangle and traced the following shapes-
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T,
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These shapes are called circles.

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(a) Do these shapes have any sides or corners? ________________

Do This

Which things around you are circular in shape?

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

18 Some more shapes

Lets draw pictures using various shapes

Use , , , , shapes to make atleast 50 pictures. In each

picture you make, you can use a shape as many times as you want and in whichever
size you want.
Some examples have been drawn for you.

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If the space given below is not enough use your notebook to draw.

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Can you draw shapes on these dots?
Make squares, rectangles and triangles of different sizes by joining the dots given
below. Two shapes have been drawn for you.

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20 Some more shapes

Fill the rangoli with the colours mentioned below.
Green-squares, red-circles, yellow-triangles, blue-rectangles.

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AN
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(a) How many squares do you see? __________

(b) How many rectangles do you see? __________
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(c) How many circles do you see? __________

(d) How many traingles do you see? __________
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Try This

1. Make your own rangoli using above shapes. Use different colours for
different shapes.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 21

 Exercise

1. Trace the following objects. Which shape did you get?

(a) Match box : ____________________________________

(b) Ring ball : ____________________________________

(c) Vicks Toffee: ____________________________________

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(d) Text Book : ____________________________________

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(e) Duster : ____________________________________

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2. Look at the pictures given below. Count and write the number of each shape
in them.
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(a) Number of squares ________
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Number of triangles ________
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Number of rectangles ________

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(b) Number of squares ________

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Number of triangles ________

Number of rectangles ________
Number of circles ________
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3. Mould clay into squares, rectangles, triangles and circles of different sizes.

22 Some more shapes

 4 Knowing numbers
Rama teacher hanged a chain of beads in the class. After how many beads the
colour of the beads in the chain changes? Teacher tied a tag after 10 beads and
then another after 25 beads. Can you now tie a tag after 50 beads, 75 beads and 100
beads?

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AN
10 25

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Now identify the numbers and write them on the tags that are hanging on the beads
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chain.
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10
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Now tie the tags of 27, 39, 45, 14 on this beads chain at appropriate place.
T,

50
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Hang some more tags 54, 78, 85, 63, 92 on this beads chain.
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20

Now make a beads chain of 100 beads, like the one given above and hang number
tags of your choice on it.

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 Teacher! It is not easy to make
Sandhya the beads chain. I can identify
the numbers on the number line.

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

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Teacher: How will you show 37 on this line?
Sandhya: I will place it between 30 and 40. And also much nearer to 40 than 30.

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37
AN
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Teacher: Yes, this is a good way of showing it. Now, show me these numbers on
the number line- 41, 59, 63, 75, 82, 99. Help Sandhya to find these numbers on the
number line.
T,
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Now, identify these numbers on the number line.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

24 Knowing numbers
Waheeda's Family
Given below are the ages of Waheeda's family members.

A
Ibrahim (65) Razia (62)

AN
G
AN
Rafiq (42) Nasim (40) Hameed (38) Shahida (33)
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Waheeda (15) Sunir (20) Fathima (8) Fahim (12)

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(a) Who is the oldest in the family? _______________ Age _____

(b) Who is the youngest in the family? _____________ Age _____

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(c) Who is Ibrahim's elder son?___________________ Age _____

(d) Write the names and ages of the four children, in the order from eldest
to youngest.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 25

How much money is there in the Kiddy Bank?

6 children saved the following amounts in their kiddy bank

in one month.

A
AN
Teja Divya John Raheem Sindhu Ramu
` 65 ` 27 ` 56 ` 99 ` 11 ` 80

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(a)
AN
How much money did John save? ________________________

(b) Who saved more than 50 rupees? ________________________

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(c) Who saved more money? ________________________
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(d) John has only ten rupee notes and one rupee coins. How many ten
rupee notes and one rupee coins does he have? ________________

(e) How much money do each of them need to put in their kiddy bank to
T,

have 100 rupees?

ER

65 + __________ = 100
SC

27 + __________ = 100

99 + __________ = 100

11 + __________ = 100

80 + __________ = 100

56 + __________ = 100

26 Knowing numbers
Can we represent numbers more than 100 on a number line?
Sandhya had represented earlier lots of numbers upto 100 on the number line.
Today she made a different number line.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

A
Where will 50 lie on this number line?

AN
It will be right in the middle of 0 and 100. Where will 120 lie? It will lie between 100
and 200. It will be much closer to 100 than 200. What about 270?. It will be
between 200 and 300 and will be much closer to 300 than 200.

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Now can you show 390, 410, 560, 750 on this number line.
AN
120 270
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
T,

50
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Now show 90, 180, 240, 360, 550, 820, 910 on the number line given below.
SC

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 27

Madhuri is writing the numbers counting beyond 100 in her notebook.

What are you

doing Madhuri?
100 One Hundred
101 One Hundred and one
102 One Hundred and two

A
103 One Hundred and three

AN
104 One Hundred and four
105 One Hundred and five
I am
106 _____________ Meena, e the

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writ
trying to ames
n
number 00.
AN beyond
1

Meena: You do not need to write all the number names for this. Just remember that
101 is one more than one hundred and is read as one hundred and one. Similarly
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105 is five more than one hundred and is read as one hundred and five and 127 is
TE

twenty seven more than one hundred and is read as one hundred and twenty seven
and so on.
Now write the number names for the following numbers.
T,

137 : _______________________________________________
ER

146 : _______________________________________________

151 : _______________________________________________
SC

168 : _______________________________________________

179 : _______________________________________________

185 : _______________________________________________

198 : _______________________________________________

28 Knowing numbers
 Do This

1. Write the number names of the following numbers.

(a) 247 : two hundred and forty seven

(b) 499 : _______________________________________

A
(c) 391 : _______________________________________

AN
(d) 565 : _______________________________________

(e) 444 : _______________________________________

G
(f) 288 : _______________________________________
AN
(g) 507 : _______________________________________

(h) 307 : _______________________________________

L
TE

(i) 790 : _______________________________________

(j) 972 : _______________________________________

T,
ER

2. Write the missing numbers in the given boxes.

(a) 100 125 150

SC

(b) 200 210 260 290

(c) 300 320 420

(d) 400 450 700

(e) 100 200 700 1000

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 29

Write the appropriate number in the box. One example is given.

A
232

AN
G
L AN
TE
T,
ER
SC

1 1
100 100 100
10 10 10
1 1
10 10 10
100 100 100
1 1

30 Knowing numbers
The teacher asks students to write 399 in its expanded form. Sidhu, Meena and
Amar write differently.

You
No, bo All of you
I am are th
wro are right.
n
Teacher! correct I am g,
I am corr
ect
correct

A
AN
G
00
3 hundr 3x1 0
+ 9 tens eds 1
+ 9 xx 1
9 + 9 ones
AN +9
+ 90 +
300
L
So, 399 = 300 + 90 + 9
TE

= 3 hundreds + 9 tens + 9 ones

= 3 x 100 + 9 x 10 + 9 x 1
T,

Do This
ER

1. Expand the numbers given below in all three ways.

(a) 8 6 2 = ____________ + ___________ + _____
_____________ + ___________ +_____
SC

_____________ + ____________+_____

(b) 6 0 2 = ____________ + ___________ + _____

_____________ + ___________ +_____
_____________ + ____________+_____

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 31

2. Encircle the place value of the underlined digit in the number.
(a) 571 5, 500, 50
(b) 148 800, 80, 8
(c) 471 70, 700, 7

Shailaja and Ramu were playing with number cards of 1 to 9.

A
Look I have

AN
made 53 using And
these two I have
cards. made
number

G
35.
L AN
TE

Now can you make numbers using the following digits.

(a) 4, 5 : ________________________________
T,

(b) 7, 6 : ________________________________
(c) 1, 2 : ________________________________
ER

(d) 9, 3 : ________________________________
SC

Shailaja: Now lets use three cards.

I have made three numbers- 723, 237 and 372 by using
the three digits 7, 2 and 3.
Ramu : I can make three more numbers with the digits.
Those may be _________, ________,_________

32 Knowing numbers
Now can you make all possible numbers using these digits.
(a) 4, 5, 6 : ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______

(b) 7, 1, 5 : ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______

(c) 9, 2, 8 : ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______

The top bowlers of world test cricket

A
The bowlers who have taken the maximum number of
wickets in test cricket upto 2012 are given below.

AN
Name of Bowler Wickets Country

G
Anil Kumble 619 India
AN
Kapil Dev 434 India
Muralitharan 800 Sri Lanka
Shane Warne 708 Australia
L
Richard Hadlee 431 New Zealand
TE

Answer the following:

T,

(a) Which bowler has taken the highest number of wickets? To which
country does he belong? _________________________________
ER

(b) How many bowlers have taken more than 600 wickets? ___________
(c) Write the names of the bowlers in the order of wickets taken, from
lowest to highest. _______________________________________
SC

__________________________________________________
(d) By how many wickets the following bowlers have less than 1000 wickets?
Muralitharan 800 + __________ = 1000
Shane Warne 708 + __________ = 1000
Anil Kumble 619 + __________ = 1000

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 33

 Try This
1. How many 100s are there in a 1000? _____
2. How many 200s are there in a 1000? _____
3. How many 500s are there in a 1000? _____
Fill in the boxes to complete the series.
1. 1000 1500 4000

A
AN
2. 2000 3000 8000

3. 2000 4000

G
Write the appropriate number in the box.
L AN
TE
T,
ER
SC

1
1000 10
100 1
10
1000
1
100 10
1
1000

34 Knowing numbers
 A
AN
G
1000 1000 1000
AN
1000 1000 1000 1
L
1000 1000 1000
TE

Exercise
T,

1. The highest scores of batsmen in an innings in one day International cricket

ER

match till 2012 are given below.

Name of Batsman Runs Country

SC

Saeed Anwar 194 Pakistan

Sachin Tendulkar 200 India
Virendra Sehwag 219 India
M.S. Dhoni 183 India
Vivian Richards 189 West Indies

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 35

 (a) Who has scored the highest number of runs in an innings in one day
International cricket? To which country does he belong? _____
(b) Which batsmen have scored runs between 100 and 200 ? _____
(c) Which batsmen have scored double century? (century = 100) _____
(d) Write the names of batsmen in the order of their runs, scored, from
highest to lowest _____.
2. Given below is the approximate weight of some animals.

A
AN
Name Weight (in kgs)
Horse 500

G
Goat 30
Sheep 45
AN
Pig 120
Dog 15
L
Wolf 80
TE

Bear 350

(a) As per above table, which is the heaviest animal?

T,

(b) Which animals weigh more than 100 kg?

ER

(c) Write the names of animals in the order of their weights, from the
lightest to the heaviest.
(d) How many goats weight will be equal to a pig's weight?
SC

(e) How many dogs weight will be equal to a sheep's weight?

3. I am a two digit number with 6 in the units place and 1 in the tens place. Who
am I?
4. I lie between 30 and 40. The digit in my units place is the same as the digit in
my tens place. Who am I?
5. Find all the two digit numbers, whose digit in the tens place is twice the digit
in the units place.

36 Knowing numbers
6. Find all the two digit numbers having the same digit in the units and tens
place.
7. I am a three digit number. The digit in my hundreds place is 6, the digit in my
tens place is 0 and the digit in my units place is [Link] am I?
8. Find all the three digit numbers whose digit in the hundreds place is three
times the digit in the units place and the digit in the tens place is 1.
9. Find all the numbers that lie between 500 and 600 whose digit in the units

A
place is the same as the digit in the tens place.
10. Gauri has 1 thousand and 2 ten rupee notes. How much money does she

AN
has?
11. Write the expanded forms of the following numbers.

G
(a) 347 = _____ + ______ + _____
_____ + ______
AN + _____
_____ + ______ + _____
(b) 804 = _____ + ______ + _____
L
_____ + ______ + _____
TE

_____ + ______ + _____

(c) 532 = _____ + ______ + _____
_____ + ______ + _____
T,

_____ + ______ + _____

ER

12. Fill the blanks appropriately.

(a) 456 : four hundred and fifty six
(b) 631 : ____________________________
SC

(c) ________ : eight hundred and seventy six

(d) ________ : nine hundred and sixty eight
13. What are the largest and smallest three digit numbers that you can make
with these digits?
(a) 7, 6, 3 (b) 3, 4, 2, 9

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 37

 5 How much more - How much less?
The teacher hung the beads chain in the class and wrote a problem on the
blackboard. Teacher asked the children to use the beads chain to find the answer
to the problem.

A
AN
= ?

G
AN
Children started solving the problem in different ways on the beads chain.
Sudha did it like this.
L
+8 +10 +10
TE

12 40
T,

She wrote- 12 + 28 = 12 + 8 + 10 + 10 = 40
ER

Karuna did it like this.

+10 +10 +8
SC

12 40

She wrote- 12 + 28 = 12 + 10 + 10 + 8 = 40

38 How much more - How much less?

Rajendra did it like this.
+20 +8

12 40

A
He wrote- 12 + 28 = 12 + 20 + 8 = 40

AN
Now, solve the following on the beads chain in whichever way you want and state
the sum and also write.

G
(a) 34 + 16 =
AN
34
L
(b) 25 + 23 =
TE

25
T,

(c) 41+ 23 =
ER

41
SC

(d) 53 + 12 =

53

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 39

The teacher then wrote this problem on the board.

= ?
Children solved the problem differently on the beads chain.
Sudha did it like this.
-2 -7 -10

A
AN
18 37
She wrote- 37 - 19 = 37 - 10 - 7 - 2 = 18

G
Karuna did it like this. AN
-20
+1
+1
L
18 37
TE

She wrote- 37 - 19 = 37 - 20 + 1 = 18

Now, solve the following on the beads chain in whichever way you want and state
T,

the difference and write.

(a) 42-12
ER

42
SC

(b) 35-27

35
(c) 62-18

62

40 How much more - How much less?

The teacher then asked the children to solve these problems in their Note books.
(a) 49 + 17 (b) 83 - 24

Sudha did it like this- Kamala did it like this-

A
AN
49 + 17 = 49 + 10 + 1 + 6 = 66 49 + 17 = 49 + 20 - 3 = 66

G
Sudha did the subtraction like this-
L AN Kamala did it like this-
TE
T,

83 - 24 = 83 - 10 - 10 - 3 - 1 = 59 83 - 24 = 83 - 20 - 4 = 59
ER

Do This
SC

1. Solve the following using number line.

(a) 46 + 37 = ?

(b) 63 - 35 = ?

(c) 77 - 29 = ?

(d) 42 + 38 = ?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 41

London Olympics Medal Winners - 2012
The London Olympics medal score-sheet given below is
incomplete. Can you complete it?
Country Gold Silver Bronze Total
America 46 29 29
China 38 27 23
Britain 29 17 65

A
Russia 24 32 82

AN
Korea 13 8 28
France 11 12 34

G
Australia 7 16 12
Italy 8 11 28
AN
Hungary 4 5 17
Japan 7 14 38
L
TE

(a) How many medals did America got more than Italy?
(b) How many medals did Korea get less than Russia?
(c) How many more medals does China need to get an equal number of
T,

medals as that of America?

(d) Make more problems on addition and subtraction based on the table
ER

given above.

Try This
SC

Fill the blanks and make more problems like the ones given below.
(a) 27 + 52 = 79 (b) 73 - 41 = 32
27
79 - 52 = ____ 32 + ____ = 73
(c) 36 + 56 = 92 (d) 91 - 37 = 54
92 - ____ = 56 ____ + 37 = 91

42 How much more - How much less?

Do not find the exact answer. Just estimate!
Sridhar and Gayatri have gone to a "jathara". Lets see what they are up to.

Sridhar spent ` 68 on food Its always easy to add

and ` 99 on toys at the jathara. numbers when they are in
About how much money did tens. I spent ` 68 on food.
Sridhar spend at the jathara? 68 is closer to 70 than 60,
so I can say that I spent

A
about ` 70 on food.

AN
Similarly, I spent about
` 100 on toys. So I spent
about 70 + 100 = ` 170 in
the jathara.

G
AN
I had about ` 100 when I
went to the Jathara and Gayatri had ` 98 when she went to
L
spent about ` 40. So I the jathara. She spent ` 42. About how
have about ` 60 left with much money is left with her?
TE

me.
T,

Do This
ER

Now, can you estimate the answers of the following problems?

(a) Sandhya spent ` 91 on fruits and ` 82 on vegetables. About how much
money did she spend in all?
SC

(b) Gopal went to the market with ` 78. He spent ` 29. About how much money
does Gopal has now?
(c) Somaiah earned ` 89 on Monday and ` 57 on Tuesday. About how much
money Somaiah earned in all?
(d) There are 87 trees in a grove. During a storm 28 fell down. About how many
trees are still in the grove?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 43

(e) About how much is the sum of 58 and 33?
(f) About how much is the difference between 91 and 33?
(g) Kamal bought 84 candles for Diwali. He used 28 candles a day before Diwali.
About how many candles are left for Diwali day?

Doing addition and subtraction of bigger numbers

The teacher is doing addition of bigger numbers in class today. He wrote a problem

A
on the board.

AN
156 + 127 = ? Will the sum be

G
bigger than 300 or
AN smaller than 300?

The children did the problem in their notebook.

L
TE

156 + 127

156 = 100+50+6
T,

+ 127 = 100+20+7
ER

283 = 200+70+13
I split both numbers
= 200+70+10+3
into hundreds, tens
= 200+80+3
SC

and ones. Then I

added the hundreds to
= 283
the hundreds, the tens
to the tens and the
ones to the ones.
Sudha

44 How much more - How much less?

 First, I placed the numbers one below
the other such that the digits in the
1
156 ones, tens and hundreds place are
placed one below the other.
+ 127 Then, I added the digits in the ones
place. After this I added the digits in
283 the tens place. To this I added the
ten I had carried forward from the

A
ones place.
Lastly, I added the digits in the

AN
hundred's place.
George

Teacher: Both of you have used different methods and both of your answers are

G
correct.
Discuss with your friends the differences in the two processes.
AN
The next day the teacher decided to do subtraction. He wrote a problem on the
board
L
Will the difference be
less than 100 or more
TE

279 - 146 = ? than 100.

T,

279 -146
ER

279 200 + 70 + 9
- 146 - 100 + 40 + 6
133 Since 146 is being subtracted
SC

100 + 30 + 3 from 279, I wrote 146 below

279.
Then I split both numbers into
hundreds, tens and ones.

I started from the units place.

I took away 6 from 9, Then
I subtracted 40 from 70 and
then 100 from 200.
Sudha

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 45

Then teacher changes the numbers and asks children to solve it.

Since 149 is being subtracted from 276,

I wrote 149 below 276 in such a way
that the digits in the ones, tens and
hundreds place are placed one below
the other. I started subtracting from the
6 16
units place.
2 7 6 Since 9 ones cannot be subtracted from
- 1 4 9 6 ones, I borrowed 1 ten from 7 tens.

A
So I now had 16 ones from which I
subtracted the 9 ones. I got 7 ones.
1 2 7

AN
Then I subtracted 4 tens from 6 tens to
get 2 tens and 1hundred from 2
hundreds to get 1 hundred.

G
Do This
AN
1. Kavita had ` 73 in her purse. She got back ` 28 from a friend, who owed her
L
money. How much money does Kavita have now?
TE

2. Somaiah earns in a day ` 92 and spends ` 67 on food and other necessary

items for his home. How much money does Somaiah take home?
3. 234 tamil movies were made in a year. If the number of telugu movies made
T,

in the same year is 67 more than the number of tamil movies, how many
Telugu movies were made in the year?
ER

4. Tendulkar scored 184 runs in a match and Yuvraj Singh scored 48 runs less
than him. How many runs did Yuvraj Singh score in the match?
5. There were 545 kg of rice lying in the godown. 228 kg were distributed to
SC

various shops. Now how much rice is in the godown?

6. Vasudha went to shopping with her mother to buy clothes. They bought one
sari for ` 512 and one salwar-suit material for ` 309. What is the total
amount they spent on clothes?
7. Shreya has ` 149 in her purse. She needs to give the shopkeeper ` 268.
How much more money does Shreya need to pay to the shopkeeper?

46 How much more - How much less?

Let's estimate again!
Laxmi had ` 384 in her purse when she went to the market. She spent ` 106. About
how much money is left with her?
Just like it was easy to subtract 10s, it is also easy to subtract 100s. Laxmi took
about ` 400 to the market and spent about ` 100. So she has about ` 300 left.
Now, you estimate and round the option closest to the answer.
(a) Rajendra has ` 618 and his brother Ravi has ` 321. About how much money

A
do they have in all? 800 900 1000
Ranga earned ` 268 in a day and spent ` 99 on food. About how much

AN
(b)
money did Ranga save in a day? 100 200 300
(c) About how much more is 904 than 418? 400 500 600

G
(d) There are 467 kg of wheat and 376 kg of rice in godown. About how many
kg of grain is there in the godown?AN 800 900 1000
(e) About how much is the sum of 589 and 218? 800 900 1000
(f) About how much more is 386 than 298? 50 100 150
L

Try This
TE

Is 9 + 8 = 8 + 9? Is 14 + 7 = 7 + 14? Is 29 + 42 = 42 + 29?
T,

Take any two numbers, add and see if the above rule is true for all?
ER

1. Now, fill the blanks.

(a) 12 + 9 = ____ + 12
SC

(b) 17 + 14 = 14 + ____
(c) 40 + 50 = ____ + 40
(d) 39 + 67 = ____ + 39
(e) 97 + 101 = 101 + ____
(f) 125 + ____ = 143 + 125
(g) ____ + 315 = 315 + 270

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 47

 Exercise

1. 36 people were travelling in a bus. 8 got down at a bus stop and 9 got into
the bus. How many people are there in the bus now? When the bus reached
the next stop, 14 people got down and 6 got into the bus. How many people
are there in the bus now?
2. Sudha has ` 75. Radha has ` 19 less than Sudha. How much money does

A
Radha have? How much money do both of them have together?

AN
3. Kumar has ` 37 in his pocket and his sister Lata has ` 56 in her pocket. How
much do they have in all? Together they spent ` 90 in the market. How much
money is left with them?

G
4. In an election, the winner got 273 votes. The loser got 45 votes less than the
winner. How many votes did the loser get?
AN
5. Father purchased a pant and a shirt for
` 349 for his son and a frock for ` 399
for his daughter. He gave ` 1000 to the
L
shop keeper. How much money will the
TE

shopkeeper return?
6. A fruit seller purchased 840 bananas on Tuesday. He sold 612 bananas in a
week and 18 got spoiled. How many bananas does he have at the end of the
T,

week?
7. Somaiah earned ` 175 and his wife earned ` 125 on Monday. They spent
ER

` 25 for rice, ` 18 for vegetables and ` 57 for other things on that day. How
much money did they save in that day?
SC

8. In a test match, the Indian cricket team scored 517 runs. Laxman scored 137
and Dravid scored 165 runs. How many runs were scored by the rest of the
team?
9. Rajaiah has 348 sheep. Mallaiah has 49 less than that of Rajaiah. The number
of sheep that Somaiah has is equal to the total number of sheep that Rajaiah
and Mallaiah have together. i) How many sheep does Somaiah have?ii)How
many sheep do the three have altogether?

48 How much more - How much less?

 6 How many times?

Apples ` 120 per kg

Mangoes ` 60 per kg

A
Oranges ` 40 per dozen

AN
Bananas ` 25 per dozen

G
L AN
TE

Fruit Shop

1. How many apples are there in the shop? 1 dozen = 12

T,

There are ____ rows of apples.

Each row has ____ apples.
ER

There are a total of _________ apples.

2. The price of apples is how many times the price of mangoes?
SC

3. Raju came to the shop and bought 2 dozens of bananas. How much money
does he need to pay to the fruit seller?
4. Karuna came and bought 3 kgs of mangoes and 1 kg of apples. How much
money does she need to give to the shopkeeper?

Now, can you make more questions like those given above based on the
picture.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 49

Magic pipes in Laltekdi village
Once upon a time there were 4 magic pipes in Laltekdi village.
Whatever went into this pipe is doubled.

A
AN
When 1 cat walked into the pipe 2 cats came out.
When 4 balls were thrown into the pipe 8 came out.
(a) If 6 birds walk into the pipe, how many will come out? ___________

G
AN
Whatever went into this pipe it became three times.
L
TE

When 2 frogs jumped into the pipe 6 frogs came out.

T,

(a) If 6 pigs walk into the pipe, how many will come out? ___________
ER

Whatever went into this pipe it became six times.

SC

(a) If 7 birds walk into the pipe, how many will come out? ___________
(b) If 8 dogs walk into the pipe, how many will come out? ___________

50 How many times?

Whatever went into this pipe it became 8 times.

A
AN
(a) If 9 spiders walk into the pipe, how many will come out? _________
(b) If 8 ants crawl into the pipe, how many will come out? ___________

G
Split numbers and multiply AN
Shravika and Vamshi were playing with multiplication tables.
L
Vamshi, what
TE

is 9 times 8
72
T,
ER
SC

Vamshi : What is 8 times 7.

Shravika : 56
Shravika : What is 13 times 6.
Vamshi : I do not know. I only know tables till 10.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 51

Shravika : You can answer this question even without knowing the 13
table. Just split up 13 into 10 and 3. Then multiply these numbers
by 6 and add the products. Let me show this to you in your
notebook.

13 x 6

A
13 = 10 + 3
So, 13 x 6 = 10 x 6 + 3 x 6

AN
= 60 + 18 = 78

G
AN
Vamshi : You are right! I can split 13 into 5 and 8 also.
L
TE

13 x 6
T,

13 = 8 + 5
So, 13 x 6 = 8 x 6 + 5 x 6
ER

= 48 + 30 = 78
SC

Shravika : Yes, splitting a number into smaller numbers and multiplying

makes multiplication easier.

52 How many times?

 Do This

1. Split the numbers as you like and multiply. Also, see how your friends have
solved the problems.
(a) 18 x 9 (b) 17 x 6 (c) 19 x 8 (d) 26 x 7
2. In a plantation there are 12 rows of mango trees. If in each row there are 10
trees, how many mango trees are there in the plantation?

A
3. There are 18 rows in a bus. 5 passengers can sit in each row. How many

AN
passengers can sit in the bus? How many passengers can sit in 3 such
buses?
4. Rani's age is 9 years. Her mother's age is thrice her age. What is Rani's

G
mother's age?
5.
AN
If 4 children can sit on a bench in the classroom, then how many children
can sit on 22 such benches?
6. One pen costs ` 8. How much is the cost of 48 pens?
L
TE

Packets and boxes of pencils

A packet contains 10 pencils.
T,

(a) How many pencils do 2 packets have? 2 x 10 = 20

(b) How many pencils do 3 packets have? 3 x 10 = 30
ER

(c) How many pencils do 4 packets have? 4 x 10 = 40

(d) How many pencils do 8 packets have? ____________
SC

(e) How many pencils do 10 packets have? ____________

(f) How many pencils do 14 packets have? ____________
(g) How many pencils do 26 packets have? ____________
(h) How many pencils do 57 packets have? ____________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 53

Now, if a box contains 10 such packets of pencils, how many pencils are
there in the box? 10 x 10 = 100

(a) How many pencils do 2 such boxes have? 2 x 100 = 200

(b) How many pencils do 4 such boxes have? 4 x 100 = 400

(c) How many pencils do 6 such boxes have? ___________

(d) How many pencils do 8 such boxes have? ___________

A
(e) How many pencils do 10 such boxes have? ___________

AN
Observe the pattern and fill the blanks.

G
2 x 20 = 40 2 x 30 = 60 2 x 40 = 80
3 x 20 = 60 3 x 30 = 90
AN 3 x 40 = 120
4 x 20 = 80 4 x 30 = 120 4 x 40 = 160
5 x 20 = 100 5 x 30 = 150 5 x 40 = 200
L
TE

6 x 20 = _____ 6 x 30 = _____ 6 x 40 = _____

7 x 20 = _____ 7 x 30 = _____ 7 x 40 = _____
8 x 20 = _____ 8 x 30 = _____ 8 x 40 = _____
T,

9 x 20 = _____ 9 x 30 = _____ 9 x 40 = _____

ER

10 x 20 = _____ 10 x 30 = _____ 10 x 40 = _____

11 x 20 = _____ 11 x 30 = _____ 11 x 40 = _____
SC

12 x 20 = _____ 12 x 30 = _____ 12 x 40 = _____

Try This

1. Multiply a series of numbers with 50, 60 and 70. What is the pattern that you
observe? Is it the same as shown above?

54 How many times?

Are they equal?
(a) 2 x 8 = _____ (b) 6 x 7 = _____ (c) 9 x 8 = _____
8 x 2 = _____ 7 x 6 = _____ 8 x 9 = _____
(d) 10 x 5 = _____ (e) 12 x 3 = _____ (f) 13 x 5 = _____
5 x 10 = _____ 3 x 12 = _____ 5 x 13 = _____
Take any two numbers of your choice, multiply as above and see whether the
above relationship is true. Do this with as many numbers as you want.

A
What conclusion can you draw?

AN
Do This

G
1. Fill in the blanks
(a) 8 x 9 =_________ x 8
AN (b) 4 x 10 =_____ x _____
(c) 7 x 100 =_____ x _____ (d) 16 x 5 = 5 x ______
(e) 9 x ______ = 15 x 9 (f) 9 x 70 =_____ x _____
L
(g) 12 x 50 =_____ x _____ (h) _____ x _____ = 8 x 23
TE

2. Fill the boxes. One has been done for you.

(a) (b)
T,

4x8 32 1 x 32 16
ER

2 x 16
SC

(c) (d)

27 15

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 55

 (e) (f)

36 40

(g) (h)

A
45 64

AN
G
3.
AN
Make word problems on multiplication using the information provided in the
pictures given below.
L
TE

(a) (b)
T,
ER
SC

(c) (d)

56 How many times?

Multiplying bigger numbers
The teacher then wrote this word problem on the board-
If a bag of rice costs ` 325 then how much will three bags cost?
325 x 3 = ?
Sita and Dharma did this problem differently.
Sita did it like this-
I first split 325 into 100s,

A
10s and 1s. I first
multiplied 300 with 3,

AN
then 20 with 3 and then
325 x 3 = ? 5 with 3. In the end I
added all the products.
300 20 5 x

G
300 x 3 20 x 3 5x3 3
900 60 AN 15

= 900 + 60 + 15 = 975
L
TE

Dharma did it like this- I first multiplied the digit in

the units place with 3. The
product was 15. I carried
over the 10 in 15 to the
T,

325 x 3 = ? tens place showed this by

writing 1 on top of 2. And
1
ER

I have written 5 in one's

325 place in the result.
x3 I then multiplied the digit
in the tens place with 3.
SC

975 I added the 1 that I had

carried over to this
product and wrote 7 in
the tens places.
Then I multiplied the
digit in the hundreds
place with 3. I have
written 9 in hundred's
place in the result

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 57

The teacher then wrote this problem on the board-
45 x 23 = ?
Sita did it like this-
40 5 x

800 100 20 Sita has split both

+ 45 and 23 and then
120 15 3 multiplied

A
45 x 23 = 800 + 100 + 120 + 15 = 1035

AN
Dharma did it like this- 1
4 5
x 2 3

G
1 3 5
AN
9 0 0
1 0 3 5

Teacher : Good! All of you have used different methods. All your answers are
L
correct. Discuss with your friends the differences in the methods.
TE

Do This
1. Use Sita, & Dharma's methods to solve the problems given below.
T,

(a) 85 x 21 (b) 157 x 4

2. In a function hall chairs are arranged in 35 rows. Each row contains 19
ER

chairs. What is the total number of chairs arranged in the function hall?
3. The weight of one bag of rice is 50 kgs. How much do 17 such bags weigh?
4. The weight of a goat is 27 kgs. If the weight of a horse is 18 times more than
SC

the weight of the goat, then what is the weight of the horse?
5. The bus ticket from Nalgonda to Miryalguda costs ` 38. If 42 passengers
travel in this route, how much money will they pay for the bus tickets?
6. A machine wraps 235 boxes of toys in an hour. How many boxes of toys
can it wrap in 4 hours?
7. A truck can carry 140 bags of cement. How many bags of cement can five
such trucks carry?

58 How many times?

Do not find the exact answer! Just estimate
The teacher asked Sudha, about how many people are there in your village?

There are 40 families in my village.

Some families have 3 members or less
and some have 4-5 members. Let me
assume that all families have 4

A
members each.

AN
So about 40 x 4 = 160 people are living in my village.
(a) Now, can you estimate the number of people living in your village?

G
AN
The teacher then wrote this problem on the board and asked children to choose an
answer closest to the correct answer.
L
TE

One note book costs ` 9. How much will 22 such notebooks

cost?
` 300 ` 250 ` 280 ` 220
T,
ER
SC

I cannot carry less than ` 9 per book.

If I carry ` 10 for every book,
I can quickly multiply.
22 x 10=220.

So, Sudha correctly ticks ` 220.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 59

 Do This

1. Now, can you estimate closest to the actual products.

(a) There are 26 mangoes in each basket. How many mangoes will be
there in 19 such baskets?
460 480 500
(b) The cost of each movie ticket is ` 25. If 28 students of a class go to

A
watch the movie, how much money they have to pay for the tickets?

AN
` 800 ` 750 ` 900
(c) Sathaiah wants to plant some trees in his field. He wants to plant in 26
rows. If each row contains 27 plants, how many plants should he

G
buy?
600 780 AN 900
(d) The cost of a folding chair is ` 175. What is the cost of 5 such
folding chairs?
` 500 ` 1000 ` 1500
L
TE

Exercise

1. A school bag costs ` 75. How much will 3 such bags cost?
T,

2. During school assembly, 15 students are standing in each row. There are
7 such rows. How many students are standing during assembly?
ER

3. In a carton; there are 6 rows with 24 apples in each row. How many apples
are there in all in the carton?
SC

4. There are 64 bags of mangoes in an auto trolley. Each bag contain 36

mangoes. How many mangoes are there in the trolley?
5. If one litre of milk costs ` 30, find the cost of 85 litres of milk?
6. The length of a scale is 15 cm. The height of an electric pole is 50 times of
the scale, find the height of the pole?
7. Ravi earns ` 175 per day. His sister earns 3 times more of Ravi's earning.
How much does Ravi's sister earn in a day?

60 How many times?

 7 Equal shares and equal groups

Rajitha's father makes candles at home and sells them in the market. Rajitha helps
her father in packing the candles.

A
On Monday father made 30 candles. He asked Rajitha to pack the candles in
packets of 5. How many packets will Rajitha make?

AN
G
L AN
TE

Rajitha divided the total number of candles into groups of 5.

T,

30 ÷ 5 = 6
ER

So she made 6 packets.

(a) If father had asked Rajitha to make packets of 6 candles
each then, how many packets would she make? __________
SC

(b) If father had asked Rajitha to make packets of

10 candles then, how many packets would she
make? __________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 61

On Tuesday father made 24 candles. He asked Rajitha to
pack the candles equally in 3 packets.
(c) How many candles will be there in each
packet?______________________
Rajitha divided the total number of candles into 3 groups.
24 ÷ 3 = 8

A
So she packed 8 candles in each packet.

AN
(d) If father had asked Rajitha to pack the candles equally in 8 packets then how
many candles will be there in each packet? ______________________
(e) If father had asked Rajitha to pack the candles equally in 12 packets then

G
how many candles will be there in each packet? ______________________

Do This
AN
1. 8 people can sit safely in a jeep. If 48 people need to be taken from a village
L
to a fair, then how many such jeeps are required?
TE

2. If 6 oranges cost ` 54 then how much does 1 orange cost?

3. There are 42 children in a class. If an equal number of children are sitting in
7 rows, then how many children are sitting in each row?
T,

4. The product of two numbers is 56. If one number is 7, then what is the other
number?
ER

Divide and multiply

We often use multiplication when doing division. Now write one division and one
SC

multiplication fact based on the pictures given below. One example has been done
for you.
(a) (b)

12 ÷ 2 = 6 2 × 6 = 12

62 Equal shares and equal groups

(c) (d)

A
In fact we can check whether the division is correct or not by multiplying. Sudha
has checked her division by multiplying like this-

AN
84 ÷ 4 21 Quotient
Divisor 4) 84 Dividend Check

G
21
8
AN I4
04
84
04
0
L
So 84 ÷ 4 = 21
and 21 × 4 = 84
TE

Do This
1. Divide and then check by multiplying.
T,

(a) 75 ÷ 5 (b) 84 ÷ 7 (c) 96 ÷ 6

ER

2. Rajendra buys some books for ` 96. If each book costs ` 8, then how many
books did Rajendra buy?
3. How many ` 5 are there in ` 95?
SC

4. The tailor puts 6 buttons on each shirt. If he has 84 buttons,

then to how many shirts can he put buttons on?
5. The product of two numbers is 77. If one number is 7, what is the other
number?
6. It is 28 days to Dussera. How many weeks are there to Dussera?
7. When I am multiplied with 7, the product is 91. Who am I?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 63

8. Make word problems of division based on the information provided in the
pictures below.

(a) (b)

A
(c)

AN
G
Can 7 balls be divided equally among 2 children?
AN
When 7 balls are divided equally among 2 children, then each child will get 3 balls.
One ball will remain undivided. Now let us see this division-
L
TE

3
2) 7
3 is the quotient
6
1 1 is the remainder.
T,

Now divide and find the remainder.

ER

(a) Divide 14 books into equal groups of four.

(i) How many books will be there in each group? ___________
SC

(ii) How many books will remain undivided? ___________

(b) Put 9 bulbs equally in 2 rooms.
(i) How many bulbs will be put in each room? ___________
(ii) How many bulbs will remain undivided? ___________

64 Equal shares and equal groups

(c) Divide 15 pencils among 4 children equally.
(i) How many pencils will each child get? ___________
(ii) How many pencils will remain undivided? ___________
Now divide 68 oranges equally among 6 people.
11 Quotient
6) 68

A
6↓
11 is the quotient

AN
08 2 is the remainder
06
02 Remainder

G
Do This AN
1. Divide and write the quotients and remainders.
(a) 63 ÷ 5 (b) 49 ÷ 3 (c) 54 ÷ 4
L
(d) 67 ÷ 5 (e) 85 ÷ 4 (f) 68 ÷ 4
TE

2. If one lemon costs ` 3, then how many lemons can be bought with ` 50. Will
there be any money left?
3. I lie between 30 and 40. When I am divided by 5, there is a remainder of 3.
T,

Who am I?
4. If 74 apples are packed equally in 9 boxes. Then how many apples will be
ER

there in each box? How many apples will remain unpacked?

5. How many ` 10 are there in ` 93? How many ` 1 are left?
SC

6. I lie between 50 and 60. When I am divided by 7, there is a remainder of 1.

Who am I?
7. The class teacher has bought 75 notebooks. If she gives each child 4
notebooks, then how many children can she distribute notebooks? How
many notebooks will remain undistributed?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 65

Dividing bigger numbers
Keshav teacher writes this problem on the board- 250 ÷ 2
As usual, children did the problem differently.

Vimala did it like this-

A
100 G 25
2) 250

AN
200
50 2 times of what number will
bring you closer to 250?
50
2 times of what number will

G
0 bring you equal to 50?

Quotient = 125
Remainder = 0
L AN
Sudha did it like this-
TE

125 2 times of what number will

bring you equal to 2?
2) 250 2 times of what number will
2↓
T,

bring you closer to 5?

05
2 times of what number will
ER

4 bring you equal to 10?

10
10
SC

0
Quotient = 125
Remainder = 0

Discuss the differences in the methods with your friends and teachers.

66 Equal shares and equal groups

Keshav teacher then wrote another problem on the board. 398 ÷ 4 = ?

As usual, children did the problem differently.

Rama did it like this-

A
50 G 40 G 9
4) 398 4 times of what number will
bring you closer to 398

AN
200
198 Quotient = 99
160 Remainder = 2

G
38
36 AN
2
Vimala did it like this-
90 G 9
L
4) 398 4 times of what number will
bring you closer to 398
TE

360
38 Quotient = 99
36 Remainder = 2
2
T,

Sudha did it like this-

ER

4 times of what number will

99 bring you closer to 39?
4) 398
4 times of what number will
SC

36 . Quotient = 99
bring you closer to 38?
38 Remainder = 2
36
2

Discuss the differences in the methods with your friends and teachers.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 67

The teacher now wrote this problem on the board-
305 ÷ 10 = ?
Again children did the problem differently.
Rama did it like this-

30
10) 305 10 times of what number
will bring you closer to
300 . 305?

A
5 Quotient = 30
Remainder = 5

AN
Sudha did it like this-

G
10 times of what number
30 AN will bring you closer to 3?
10) 305 10 times of what number
30↓. will bring you closer to 30?
Quotient = 30 10 times of what number
5 will bring you closer to 5?
Remainder = 5
L
0
5
TE

Kamala did it like this-

3
10) 305 If 305 is divided into 10
T,

30↓. Quotient = 3 equal parts, can each part

be equal to 3?
5 Remainder = 5
ER
SC

Are all the answers correct? What was the mistake that Kamala has made?

Try This

1. Jaya has some mangoes. If she distributes, the mangoes to 2 children. She is
left with none. If she distributes same mangoes to 3 children, one mango is
left with her. Find the number of mangoes Jaya has?

68 Equal shares and equal groups

Do not divide. Just estimate!
If ` 97 are to be divided equally among 5 people, about how much will each one
get?
97 is close to 100 and 100 can be easily divided by 5. So each person will get
about 100 ÷ 5 = ` 20.
Now, estimate and tick the closest answer in each of the following cases.
(a) If 73 marbles have to be divided equally among 4 children, then how many

A
marbles will each child get?

AN
50 20 70
(b) If 92 pencils have to be divided equally among 9 children, then how many
pencils will each child get?

G
8 10 12
AN
(c) If 187 laddoos have to be divided in such a way that each box contains 6
laddoos, then how many such boxes will be required?
20 30 40
L
(d) If ` 131 have to be divided among 7 people, then how much money will each
TE

one get?
20 15 10
(e) If ` 461 have to be divided among 8 people, then how much money will each
T,

one get?
50 60 70
ER

Exercise
SC

1. When I am multiplied by 4, the product is 48. Who am I?

2. A car travels 96 kms in 3 hours. If it travels an equal distance every hour then
how much will it travel in one hour?
3. A teacher bought 72 notebooks. She distributed 4 notebooks to each child.
To how many children notebooks were distributed?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 69

4. The product of two numbers is 72. One of the numbers
is 12. What is the other number?
5. A rope is 91 m long. How many 7 m. ropes can be cut
from it?
6. When I am multipled by 9, the product is 729. Who am I?
7. There are 648 people in 9 compartments of a train. How many people are
there in each compartment?

A
8. 783 sarees are divided equally in 9 boxes. How many sarees will there be in

AN
each box?
9. 352 children went on a trip. If 8 children could sleep in one tent then how
many tents are required for the children?

G
10. The weight of 7 rice bags is 350 kg. If all bags weigh the same then what is
AN
the weight of each bag?
11. How many weeks are there in a year? Remember a year has 365 days and 7
days in a week.
L
12. One apple costs ` 14. How many apples can be bought with ` 590? How
TE

much money remaining unspent?

13. 675 apples are packed in 15 cartons. How many apples are there in each
carton?
T,

14. A boy can read 17 pages in each day. In how many days can he read 340
ER

pages?
15. There are 105 lemon plants in 15 rows equally. How many plants are planted
in each row?
SC

16. 280 children of a school are going for a picnic. If 35

students can sit in one bus, then how many buses are
needed?
17. A water tank holds 500 litres of water. How many water
cans of 22 litres capacity can be filled with this water?
How many litres of water will be left in the tank?

70 Equal shares and equal groups

 8 How long is this?
You have measured the length of pencils in class 3 using a scale. Look at your
scale. How many centimetres are there on the scale? You had also learnt that we
write centimetres as cm in short.
How many centimetres long is the pencil or chalk you are holding? Put it along this

A
scale and measure its length.

AN
G
How long are the objects drawn below. AN
L
TE

Now measure these objects again in this way.

T,
ER
SC

Was it easier to measure the objects in the second way? Why do you think this
was the case?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 71

Estimate the lengths and then measure them.

How long do you think your thumb is? _________cm.

A
Now measure and find out how long your thumb is _________

AN
G
How long do you think your little finger is? _________
AN
Now measure and find out how long your little finger
is_________
L
What do you think is the length of your palm? _________
TE

Now measure and find out how long your palm is _________
T,

What do you think is the length of your wrist? _________

ER

Now measure and find out how long your wrist is _________

Do This
SC

1. Name 5 things whose length is less than 1 centimetre.

______________________________________________________
2. Name 3 things whose length is about 15 centimetres.
______________________________________________________

72 How long is this?

3. Estimate and then measure the length of the objects given below, using a
scale. Record both these lengths in the table given below.

Object Estimated length Measured length

A complete piece of a chalk
Your pencil
Your comb

A
Your eraser

AN
Your slate
Your mathematics book
Your notebook

G
AN
Help the ant to find the shortest route to her food
L
TE
T,

(a) Out of the four routes, which is the shortest route the ant can take?
ER

(b) Can you think of a route shorter than these four routes? Draw it.

Measure your height

SC

Look at your scale again. On one side we have centimeters. On the other we have
inches.

(a) Is one inch bigger than one centimeter? _______

(b) How many centimeters make an inch? _______

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 73

Now measure the height of three of your friends in centimetres and inches using a
scale or measuring tape and write in the table below.

Name Height Height

(cms) (inches)

A
AN
G
From shorter lengths to longer lengths
Is it easy to measure the length of the classroom in centimetres? What about the
AN
length of cloth that you need for making clothes?
We need bigger units to measure bigger lengths easily.
L
Shanu went to a tailor's shop with some cloth.
TE

How much 2 meters

cloth is this How much is will be
required for enough
my kurta
T,

This
ER

is 3
meters
SC

The tailor used a measuring tape to measure the length of Shanu's cloth.
Have you seen a measuring tape? It has marking of centimetres on one side and
inches on the other side.
100 centimetres make a metre.
1 metre (m) = 100 centimetres (cm)
Ask your teacher to cut a metre long rope and give it to you to measure various
lengths.

74 How long is this?

 Activity
1. Take a newspaper. Cut 20 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm and 1 m long strips from it.
(a) How many of these 20 cm strips make a metre? ___________
(b) How many of these 25 cm strips make a metre? ___________
(c) How many of these 50 cm strips make a metre? ___________
Are these longer than a metre?

A
Estimate whether these are more than a metre or less than a metre and tick the

AN
correct option. Then use a metre long rope and find their lengths. Use a scale to
measure length smaller than a metre.
Object Estimate Measured length

G
Length of black board in your 3 a metre/
More than
AN
Classroom less than a metre
Breadth of black board in More than a metre/
L
your Classroom less than a metre
TE

Length of your teacher's More than a metre/

Table Top Less than a metre
Breadth of your teacher's More than a metre/
T,

Table Top Less than a metre

ER

Length of your classroom More than a metre/

window Less than a metre
SC

Breadth of your classroom More than a metre/

window Less than a metre

Do This
1. Name 5 things that are about a metre long.
2. What is the length of your classroom? What is its breadth?
Measure using the metre rope and check your estimate.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 75

3. Which of the following would you measure in metre and which would you
measure in centimetre?

(b) (d)

A
(a) (c)

AN
G
Sports Day
AN
On sports day the school has organized a 100 metres race for class 4 children.
Saraswathi is nearest to the finishing line. She is 6 metres away from the finishing
point. Durga is in second place and Mahadev is behind her.
L
TE

Mahadev Durga Saraswathi

T,
ER

6m
SC

1. Estimate:
(a) About how many metres is Durga away from Saraswathi ?
(b) About how many metres is Mahadev away from the finishing line?

76 How long is this?

How far do they live from each other?
Ram and George live in opposite directions from their school.

450 m 150 m
George's house Ram's house

A
AN
What is the distance between Ram's house and George's house?

G
Javelin Throw AN
The Olympic Games 2012 were held in London. The details of the women who got
the gold, silver and bronze medal in the game of Javelin Throw are given below-
L
Medal Name Country Length of throw
TE

Gold Barbora Spotakova Czech Republic 69m 55 cm

Silver Christina Obergfoll Germany 65m 16 cm
T,

Bronze Linda Stahl Germany 64m 91cm

ER

(a) What is the difference in Barbora's and

Christina's length of throw?
(b) What is the difference in Barbora and
SC

Linda's length of throw?

(c) The world record for Javelin Throw is
72m 28cm and is also held by Barbora
Spotakova. How many metres Barbora is
short of her world record at the London
Olympics?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 77

 Try This

1. How high is the Charminar?

The height of Charminar in Hyderabad is 56 m. What is the
height of your school building? How many of your school
buildings if placed one on top of the other will be as high as
the Charminar?

A
Exercise

AN
1. (a) 4 m of ribbon = ________cm of ribbon.

G
(b) 9 m of pipe = ________cm of pipe.
AN
(c) 450 cm of cloth = ________m ________cm of cloth.
(d) 750 cm of rope = ________m ________cm of rope.
2. I went to shop and bought 2 m 50 cm cloth for my kurta and 3 m 75cm cloth
L
for my paijama. What is the total length of cloth that I bought?
TE

3. The length of the shadow of a flag pole is 3 meter 45 centimetres at 8

o'clock in the morning. By 1 o'clock in the afternoon it is 1 metre 65 cm.
What is the difference in the length of the shadow in the morning and in the
T,

afternoon?
4. Kannaiah bought 12 m 50 cm of Mangalgiri cotton cloth and 10 m 25 cm of
ER

Pochampalli cotton cloth for making curtains, from a shop. What is the total
length of the cloth he bought?
5. A tailor had 4 m 45cm of cloth. He cut off 3m 95 cm of the cloth to stitch a
SC

pair of trousers. What is the length of cloth that is left?

6. Prasad bought 20 meters of rope. He used 12 m 30 cm of rope to tie one
clothes line and 7 m 45 cm to tie another clothes line. What is the total
length of rope that he used? What is the length of rope left with him?
7. A cloth merchant bought a roll of Pochampalli cotton of length 140 m. He
sold 46 m 85 cm of the cloth. How much cloth is left in the roll?

78 How long is this?

8. Head mistress Jaya bought a ribbon of length 18m. If she gives each girl a
ribbon of length 25 cm. To how many girls can she distribute ribbon?
9. Shot put
At the Olympic Games in London, the details of the women who got the
gold, silver and bronze medal in the game of shot put are given below.

A
AN
G
L AN
TE

Medal Name Country Length of throw

Gold Valarie Adams New Zealand 20m 70 cm
Silver Yergeniya Kolodko Germany 20m 48 cm
T,

Bronze Gong Lijiao Germany 20m 22cm

ER

(a) What is the difference in Valarie and Gong's length of throw?

(b) To compete in this game, the participants were required to throw the
SC

‘put’ to the qualifying limit of 18 m 90 cm away. How much farther

did Valarie throw the ‘put’ than the qualifying limit?
(c) The world record for shot put throw is 22 m 63 cm and is held by
Natalya Lisovskaya. Yergeniya is how many metres short of this world
record?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 79

 9 How much does it weigh?
Have you ever picked up a sack of rice? Did you find it difficult? Why? Which is
heavier- a sack of rice or a packet of rice?
How much do you think the rice packet

A
weighs?
How much do you think the sack of rice

AN
weighs?

G
AN
We had learnt in Class 3 that we measure
weight in kilograms. We also learnt that we can write kilogram as kg.
L
TE
T,
ER

You can find 1 kg, 2 kg, 5 kg and 10 kg weights in a grocer's shop. You will find
heavier weights-50 kg, 20 kg in other shops like those that grind wheat, maize etc.
SC

or make mattresses and pillows.

Why do you think these shops need heavier weights?

Try This
Pick up as many weights as you can and find out how heavy they are. Also make 1
kg, 2 kg and 5 kg weights by filling packets with sand or mud, with the help of your
teacher. Pick them up to find out how heavy they are.

80 How much does it weigh?

Let us estimate their weight.
1. Encircle the objects which you feel are heavier than one kilogram.

A
AN
G
L AN
TE

2. Encircle the objects that weigh about 10 kilograms.

T,
ER
SC

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 81

3. Estimate their weights and match appropriately.

less than 1 kg

A
AN
15 kg

G
L AN
more than 1000 kg
TE
T,
ER

300 kg
SC

30 kg

82 How much does it weigh?

How much weight is this truck carrying?
Rajendra and Padma are shifting their residence from Miryalaguda to Hyderabad.
The truck is loaded with their luggage. The weight of each luggage is given below.

A
AN
G
L AN
Luggage Weight
TE

Bed 45 kg
Refrigerator 60 kg
TV 15 kg
T,

Utensils 10 kg
3 Suitcases 60 kg
ER

Table 10 kg
3 chairs 15 kg
SC

Almirah 30 kg

(a) How much weight is the truck carrying? __________

(b) If Rajendra and Padma are paying ` 20 for every kilogram of luggage,
how much money will they pay to the truck company? __________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 83

How heavy are these mattresses and pillows?
Sultana makes mattresses and pillows by filling
them up with cotton. She has 145 kgs of cotton
lying in her shop.
Raghu asks her to make one mattress and two
pillows. Sultana used 20 kgs of cotton in the
mattress and 2 kgs of cotton in each of the pillows.

A
(a) How much cotton will be left with Sultana
after she makes the mattress and the

AN
pillows? _____
(b) How many such mattresses can Sultana
make from the cotton left with her? _____

G
(c) Sultana charges ` 15 for every kg of cotton
she has used. She also charged ` 200 for
sewing the mattress and pillows and
AN
another ` 125 for the cloth she has used.
What is the total amount that Raghu has
L
to pay her? _____
TE

From kilograms to grams

Things that are lighter than one kilogram are measured in grams. You may have
T,

come across 500 gm, 200 gm, 100 gm, 50 gm, 20 gm, 10 gm weights at the
grocer's shop. Some are shown here.
ER

1 kg = 1000 gm
SC

Pick up each of these weights and find out how heavy they are.

84 How much does it weigh?

How much do you think a pencil weighs?
A pencil weighs about 3 grams.

Let us Estimate their weight.

1. Encircle the names of objects that are heavier than a pencil.
Pin Spoon A tamarind seed Cup Ant A piece of chalk

A
AN
Activity

Go to a grocer's shop. Pick up things which have their weights written on their

G
packets and fill the table given below-
Things that Things that Things that Things that Things that
AN
weigh about weigh about weigh about weigh about weigh about
50 gm 150 gm 250 gm 500 gm 1 kg
L
TE
T,
ER

In how many ways can Mary purchase 1 kg of washing powder?

One day Mary went to a shop to buy washing powder. The
shop keeper told Mary that he only kept washing powder in
SC

packets of 250 gm, 100 gm and 500 gm.

Mary remembered what her teacher had taught her.
In how many ways can Mary buy 1kg of soap powder? One
has been done for you.
(i) 1kg= 1000 gm = 500 gm + 500 gm
Mary can buy 2 packets of 500 gm each.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 85

 (ii) 1kg= 1000 gm = 100 gm + __________________________
Mary can buy _______ packets of 100 gm each.
(iii) 1kg= 1000 gm = 250 gm + __________________________
Mary can buy _______ packets of 250 gm each.

Do This

A
AN
How many of these will you need to make a kg?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

G
AN
Balance the scale
L
Balance the weighing scales given below by putting appropriate weights. Use 1 kg,
TE

500 gm, 200 gm, 100 gm, 50 gm, 20 gm, 10 gm weights. The first one has been
done for you write the weights to be kept in the boxes under each.
(a) 50 g (b)
T,

50 g
200 g
200 g 200 g
ER

1 kg 1 kg
500 g 500 g
SC

(c) (d)

2 kg 500 g 500 g 200 g

86 How much does it weigh?

 Try This

Kamal uses 2 kg, 5 kg and 6 kg stones to weigh

the waste newspaper brought to his shop. How
will he weigh newspaper loads that weigh 1 kg,
3 kg, 4 kg and 7 kg with these stones?

A
At the post office

AN
Have you ever been to a post office?
We go to a post office to send letters and parcels to our friends and family who live

G
far away from us.
The table given below tells you how much it costs to send letters and parcels
AN
within our country-
L
Item Rate (as per weight)
TE

Letter ` 5 (for every 20 grams or less)

Parcel ` 19 ( for the first 500 grams)
` 16 ( for every 500 grams after)
T,
ER

(a) Radha has written a long letter to her friend. The post master tells her
SC

that her letter weighs 45 grams. How much money will Radha have to
pay to the post master?
(b) Radha is sending three Pochampalli sarees to her friend in Udaipur.
The parcel weighs 2kg 500gm. How much money should Radha pay
to the postmaster?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 87

Various ways of measuring weight
These days various types of electronic devices are used to measure weight.

A
AN
G
L AN
Do This
TE

1. Use a weighing machine and find out your weight and that of four of your
friends. Record your findings in the table given below.
T,
ER

Name Weight
SC

88 How much does it weigh?

 Try This

1. Which is heavier - one kg of cotton or one kg of

iron?

Exercise
1. Kalyan bought the following items mentioned in his grocery bill. Estimate

A
whether weight of each item is in grams or kilograms.

AN
Item Weight kg/ g
Rice 10

G
Sugar AN 2
Dal 500
Haldi 250
Tea Powder 200
L
Mustard Seeds 25
TE

2. Name 5 things we usually buy in kilograms and 5 things we usually buy in

T,

grams.
3. During pongal 20 kg of rice was made in Latha's
ER

house. 8 kg 500 gm was consumed by family

members and friends. The rest was distributed
among the poor. How much rice was distributed
SC

among the poor?

4. A boat can carry 200 kg weight. If the weight of people in the boat is 112 kg,
how much more weight can the boat carry?
5. Mahesh weighs 78 kg and Ramesh weighs 95 kg. How much more does
Ramesh weigh than Mahesh?
6. My weight is 22 kg. My father's weight is 3 times my weight. What is my
father's weight?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 89

7. An auto trolley is carrying gas cylinders of 700 kg
weight. A full gas cylinder weighs about 35 kg.
How many such gas cylinders are there in it?

A
8. A motor cycle weighs 200 kgs. If a jeep's

AN
weight is 9 times more of the motor cycle,
what is the weight of the jeep?
9. Fill in the blanks given below-

G
(a) 4 kg of rice = _______ gm of rice
(b)
AN
2 kg 500 gm of dal = _______ gm of dal
(c) 6 kg 500 gm of sugar =_______ gm of sugar
(d) 1250 gm of onions = 1 kg 250 gm of onions
L
TE

(e) 1750 gm of tomatoes = _______ kg ______ gm of tomatoes

(f) 2550 gm of potatoes = _______ kg ______ gm of potatoes
T,

10. Estimate weights and then compare with actual weight.

ER

Item Estimated Actual Difference

Weight Weight
Puppy (pet dog)
SC

Your school bag

Your brother/sister
Geometry box
1 litre water bottle (Full)
Necklace

90 How much does it weigh?

 10 How much do these bottles hold?
We have learnt in class 3 that a bottle holds 1 litre of water.
How many glasses of water will fill a 1 litre water bottle? ___________
Which of the containers given below holds more than a litre and which holds less

A
than a litre? Write in the table below.

AN
G
L AN
TE
T,
ER

More than a litre Less than a litre

SC

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 91

1. Estimate how many litres these containers can hold?

1000 litres 1 litre 20 litres Half a litre Less than half a litre

A
AN
G
How much water does Dolly use in a day?
AN
Dolly uses a bucket of water for having bath. She drinks about 8 glasses of water
and uses 3 buckets of water for other purposes in a day. How many litres of water
L
does Dolly need for.
TE

(a) having bath ________

(b) drinking ________
(c) for other purposes_________
T,
ER

1 litre is
How many
equal to
litres of
4 glasses
SC

water can
of water
a bucket
hold?

(d) How many litres of water does dolly need in a day? _________

92 How much do these bottles hold?

 Try This

1. Estimate how many litres of water you use daily?

Less than a litre

How much liquid can a spoon hold?

A
A spoon can hold about 3 millilitres of liquid.

AN
You think of things that you take in such small quantities and write below.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________ We write millilitres

G
_______________________________________ as ml also
AN
At the doctors
Chitra cut her hand while sliding down the swing. Her parents
L
immediately took her to the doctor for a tetanus injection. Chitra
was not scared of injections. She asked the doctor to show her
TE

the medicine filled in syringe.

How much medicine is there in the syringe?
T,
ER
SC

The doctor prescribed Chitra a tonic also and asked her to

take 5 ml each time. He showed her the 5 ml marking on the
cap.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 93

 Do This

1. Which of the following things do you take in millilitres and which in litres?

Item Millilitres/ Litres

Milk

A
Coconut oil

AN
Cool drink
Shampoo
Medicine syrup

G
A thousand millilitres make a litre.
AN
Vasudha took an empty 1 litre water bottle and an empty 250 ml
coconut oil bottle.
L
TE

She filled the coconut oil bottle

completely with water and poured it into
the water bottle.
T,
ER

She then filled the coconut oil bottle with

water again and poured it into the water
SC

bottle.

She repeated this two more times and her

1 litre bottle was completely filled up.

Thus, 250 ml + 250 ml + 250 ml + 250 ml = 1000 ml

94 How much do these bottles hold?

 Do This

How many of these will be needed to make a litre?

A
AN
Activity

G
AN
Collect three bottles of different sizes. Estimate, how many bottles of each type
would fill a 1 litre bottle. Then find out how correct your estimate is by pouring
water from each of these bottles into a one litre bottle.
L
TE

Your estimate Your measurement

Bottle 1

Bottle 2
T,

Bottle 3
ER

(a) If two small bottles fill up a one litre bottle, then how
much would each small bottle hold?
SC

(b) If four small bottles fill up a one litre bottle,

then how much would each small bottle
hold?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 95

 Try This

1. Fill in the blanks given below and make it equal to 1 litre.

(a) 500 ml + _________= 1 litre.
(b) _________ + 750 ml = 1 litre.
(c) 900 ml + _________ = 1 litre.

A
(d) _________ x 500 ml = 1 litre.

AN
(e) _________ x 250 ml = 1 litre.

Save water!

G
Is there a tap in your home, school or surroundings from
which water is leaking?
AN
Put a one litre bottle under it and find out how much
water fills in one hour.
L
(a) If the tap was to continue leaking for one
day, how much water would be wasted?
TE

_________
(b) If the tap was to continue leaking for one
week, how much water would be wasted? ___________
T,
ER

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks given below.

SC

(a) 3 litres = ____________ ml

(b) 7 litres = ____________ ml
(c) 8500 ml = ____________ l ________ ml
(d) 5250 ml = ____________ l ________ ml
(e) 9750 ml = ____________ l ________ ml

96 How much do these bottles hold?

2. What is the total amount of water in the bottles?

A
AN
3. Kalpana's cow gives 15 litres of milk every day. If
Kalpana uses 8 litre 500 ml of milk at home, how
much can she sell in the market?

G
4. A water tank holds 500 litres of water. The school uses 375 litres of water in
AN
a day. How much water is left for the next day? If the school needs a full
tank the next day, how much more water needs to be pumped into the tank?
5. Anand drinks 250 ml and Anitha drinks 500 ml of milk everyday. If they
L
drink the same amount of milk every day, how much of milk will they drink
TE

in 4 days? How much milk will they drink in 7days?

6. How much water do you take everyday? How much milk? How much tea?
How much juice? If 4 glasses of liquid is equal to 1 litre, then how many
T,

litres of liquid do you have in a day and in a month?

7. Swathi has to pour out 2 litres of juice in glasses that can hold 200 ml. How
ER

many such glasses are required?

8. Karuna's two year old daughter was ill. The doctor asked Karuna to give her
daughter 3 ml of a tonic medicine, 3 times a day. He asked Karuna to continue
SC

the medicine for 7days.

(a) How much medicine will Karuna's daughter take in 7 days?
(b) If the tonic bottle contains 100 ml of medicine, then how much medicine
will be left in the bottle after 7 days?
9. A tonic bottle contains 60 ml of medicine. How much medicine will be there
in 15 such bottles?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 97

10. Mahesh runs a tea shop. He uses about 20 ml of milk in each tea cup. If he
sells 50 cups in a day, how much milk does he use in a day?
11. A shopkeeper keeps different sized coconut oil bottles in her shop. In a day
she sells 60 bottles of oil. The details are given below-

Sale per day Capacity per bottle

20 bottles 200 ml

A
30 bottles 500 ml

AN
10 bottles 100 ml

G
How much oil does the shopkeeper sell in the day?

12.
AN
Rajendra and Rajni and their two children live in Adilabad. The table given
below gives details about the water used by the family in a day.
L
Usage Number of litres
TE

Cooking and drinking water 15 litres

Washing utensils 20 litres
Washing clothes 40 litres
T,

Taking bath 60 litres

ER

• How much water does the family use in a day?

13. Estimate how much water your family uses in a day and write in the table
SC

below-
Usage Number of litres
Cooking and drinking water
Washing utensils
Washing clothes
Taking bath

98 How much do these bottles hold?

 11 Tick - Tock goes the clock
How much time does it take for you to draw a flower? How much time do you take
to take a bath? How much time do you spend in school? Find out how much time
a basket maker takes to make a basket? How much time does a carpenter take to
make a chair? How much time does a tailor take to make a kurta?

A
AN
G
AN
Different activities require different amounts of time. Think of various activities
L
and fill the table given below.
Activities that Activities that Activities that Activities that
TE

require a few require hours require days require months

minutes
Taking a bath Studying at school Building a hut Growing rice
T,
ER
SC

How much time does it take you to wink? Think of other activities that require less
than a minute of your time? ____________________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 99

Movie Time
Surya is very excited today. Today is the last day of his exams and his parents
promised him that they would be going to watch a movie in the evening.

(a) He reaches his school at _________

A
(b) He started writing his exam at _________

AN
He had 2 hours to write the exam. While writing the exam he

G
looked at the clock in his classroom to see how much time was
left. AN
(c) How much time did Surya have? _________
L
Surya finished writing his exam a few minutes before 12 o'clock
TE

and then he walked back home. After coming back from school
he kept looking at the clock.
T,

(d) What is the time in the clock now? _________

ER

(e) Surya thought that they would leave after 3 hours for movie. At what time
will Surya leave his house? Which of the clocks given below is showing this
SC

time? Encircle it.

100 Tick - Tock goes the clock

 Do This

1. (a) What is the time on the clock? _________

(b) What was the time 5 hours ago? _________
(c) What will be the time after 4 hours?_________

A
2. (a) What is the time on the clock? _________

AN
(b) What was the time 3 hours ago? _________
(c) What will be the time after 2 hours? _________

G
Bunty's Morning AN
Bunty is late to school. He looks at the clock while going
to take a bath hurriedly. What is the time on the clock?
L
TE

After having bath, Bunty looks at watch again and finds that the
longer hand has moved to 3.
T,

Bunty remembers his teacher telling him how to read the clock.
ER

The smaller hand tells you the hour and the longer
hand of the clock tells you the minutes. When the
longer hand is at 1 it means 5 minutes have passed.
SC

When the hand is at 2, it means 10 minutes have

passed. When it is at 3 it means 15 minutes have
passed and when it is at 4 it means 20 minutes
have passed and so on. How many minutes would
have passed when the minutes hand is at 7? How
many minutes would have passed when the minutes
hand has completed one full circle and is at 12. So
how many minutes are there in an hour?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 101

Bunty : It is eight fifteen. I must hurry.
He quickly puts on his clothes and gobbles up the roti his
mother gives him. He looks at the clock again while leaving
home.

It is eight forty five. I will not reach school on time.

(a) Bunty reaches school 15 minutes late. At what time would Bunty have

A
reached school? ___________

AN
Do This

G
1. Which of these clocks is telling the correct time? Encircle it.
(a) 2:05 AN
L
TE

(b) 4:15
T,
ER
SC

(c) 7:25

102 Tick - Tock goes the clock

2. What is the time on these clocks?

(a) (b) (c)

A
AN
(d) (e) (f)

G
AN
3. Show the time on these clocks.
L
TE

(a) (b) (c)

T,
ER

11:45 3:30 9:10

SC

(d) (e) (f)

1:35 12:15 6:30

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 103

 Try This

1. Does the hour hand move as the hour passes? How many minutes does the
hour hand take for moving from one number to the other?
2. At what time do the minute and hour hand coincide with each other between
(a) 6 o'clock and 7 o'clock __________
(b) 9 o'clock and 10 o'clock __________

A
(c) 3 o'clock and 4 o'clock __________

AN
(d) 12 o'clock and 1 o'clock __________

G
Now that we have learnt to read the clock. Let us read the calendar
Jaya teacher wanted to talk to her children of class 4 about the calendar-2012. She
AN
gave each child in the class a list of the festivals in the year, which had been
declared as school holidays.
She then asked them to look at the calendar in their class to see whether the holidays
L
declared were on a school working day or a Sunday.
TE

(a) Encircle the festival days on the calendar and also write which day of
the week they are on in the space given below. Do any of the festivals
fall on a Sunday?
T,

Festival Date Day

Diwali 13 November
ER

Pongal 14 January
Guru Nanak Jayanthi 17 November
SC

Christmas 25 December
Eid 9 August
Holi 27 March

(b) Write the list of these festivals in the order in which they occur in the
year in your notebook?

104 Tick - Tock goes the clock

 A
AN
G
L AN
TE
T,
ER
SC

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 105

Jaya teacher then started asking children various questions about the 2013 calendar.
Do you know the answers to these questions?
(a) How many months are there in a year? _____________
(b) Add the number of days of all the months to find out how many days
there are in a year. _____________
(c) Which month comes after May? _____________
Which month comes before December? _____________
(d) (i) How many Thursdays are there in March? _____________

A
On what dates do they occur? _________________________

AN
(ii) How many Sundays are there in March? _____________
On what dates do they occur? _________________________
(e) Encircle the following dates in the calendar and write what day they
occur on.

G
(i) Republic day AN 26 January ____________
(ii) Children's day 14 November ____________
(iii) Independence day 15 August ____________
(f) If 31st December falls on Monday, on which day will 1st January of
L
next year fall? What will be the date on the next Monday? __________
TE

(g) Is the first of every month, the same day? ____________

(h) (i) The given calendar is for which year? ____________
(ii) Which is the next year? Which was the year before this
year?____________
T,

(iii) In which year were you in class 1? ____________

ER

(i) Study the calendar of February 2012.

(i) How many days are there in February, 2012? ________
(ii) How many days are there in February,
SC

2013? ________
(iii) How many days are there in February,
2014? ________
(iv) Find out the next year in which
February will have 29 days. _______
2012 is called a leap year because February has 29 days
instead of 28. Leap year comes once in 4 years.

106 Tick - Tock goes the clock

May 2014 May-2014
(a) How many days are there in the month? ____
(b) How many Thursdays are there in the month?
____
(c) How many Sundays are there in the month? ____
(d) Can you have a month with 6 Mondays? Why?

A
June-2014
(e)

AN
Now make the calendar for the next month.

G
AN
Exercise
L
TE

1. Omar is 9 years old. His father is 4 times his age. How old is Omar's father?
2. Sunanda went to her friends house at 5:15 in the evening. She came back
home at 7:30 in the evening. How much time Sunanda has played with her
friends?
T,

3. Girish went to the field at 7:15 in the morning. He came back home at 1:45 in
the afternoon. How much time Girish has spent in the field?
ER

4. Santosh's family and friends were in a picnic from 10:30 in the morning to
4:20 in the evening. How much time did Santosh and his family spend at the
picnic?
SC

5. Write the time in the space given below the clock.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 107

 12 Dividing into equal parts

Mother has put 12 idlis on the plate.

A
AN
Mother : Sonu and Koushik divide these idlis equally between both of you and
finish your breakfast.

G
Sonu and Koushik divided them like this.
Have they divided the idlis equally? AN
L
TE

Now, can you divide these 8 idlis equally among 4 children?

T,
ER
SC

Also, divide these 9 pencils equally among 3 children?

108 Dividing into equal parts

What about, 16 marbles among 4 children?

Today the maths teacher is teaching division in class. She makes 12 pencils on the
board and asks Sonu to divide 12 pencils among 3 people. Sonu divides by drawing

A
circles.

AN
G
AN
Sonu says that when 12 pencils are divided equally among 3 people each person
will get 4 pencils.
L
Sonu's classmate- You are correct. 12 divided by 3 is equal to 4. This is written as
TE

12 ÷ 3=4 and also as

12 =4
3
Do This
T,

1. Write the following statements as Sonu's classmate has done above.

ER

(a) Latha makes 6 wadas and divides them equally among her 3 children.
(b) The teacher divides 16 notebooks equally among 8 children.
SC

(c) Mother divides 10 rotis equally among 5 family members.

2. Express the following in the form of statements.

(a)
4 (b)
14 (c) 15
2 2 3
(d) 16 (e) 18
2 6

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 109

Divide roti's equally
The teacher asked the children
How will you divide 1 roti equally among 2 people?

A
Chidren drew pictures of roti's in their notebook and showed the
teacher.

AN
G
Kamala Rama Krishna Suresh
AN
You have to divide the roti into two equal
parts. Suresh are the two parts in your
L
picture equal? Please correct it. Now all
TE

of you tell me, how much roti, will each

person get?
T,

Each person will get half roti.

ER

Kamala
SC

Teacher : Yes, Half mean one part out of two equal parts. This is written as 1 .
2

1
So, 1÷ 2=
2

110 Dividing into equal parts

Teacher : Now, divide one roti equally among 4 people.
Kamala drew this picture in her notebook.

She explained to her teacher : Each person will get one part out of four equal parts
or one-fourth of the roti.
Teacher : Correct, we write this as
1

A
4

AN
So, 1÷4=
1

G
4

Teacher : Now, can you divide 3 rotis among 2 people.

AN
Kamala did it like this-
L
TE
T,
ER

Kamala : When I divide 3 rotis among 2 people each person will get one full roti
and one half roti.
SC

I can write this as-

3 =1+
1
2 2

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 111

Now, you divide these 5 rotis equally among 2 people-

A
AN
(a) How many full rotis will each person get? ________
(b) How many half rotis will each person get. ________

G
So,
5
2
= ________+ ________
AN
Try to divide these 5 rotis among 4 people.
L
TE
T,
ER
SC

(a) How many full rotis will each person get? ________
(b) How many one-fourth rotis will each person get? ________

5
So, = ________+ ________
4

112 Dividing into equal parts

Let us divide one watermelon into equal parts
Sonu likes watermelon. Her mother bought one from the
market.
She cut it into two equal parts. She gave one part to Sonu
and the other part to Koushik.
(a) What part of the watermelon has Sonu got? ______
(b) What part of the watermelon has Koushik got?

A
______

AN
(c) If there were 2 more people who had to be
given watermelon equally, how many parts
would the watermelon have to be divided into?
______

G
(d) What part of the watermelon would each
AN
person get? ______
L
Now, divide this cake equally among four people.
TE
T,
ER

(a) One cake divided into four equal parts is written as 1 ÷ 4 and also as
SC

_______
(b) On dividing the cake what part of the cake will each person get? __________
(c) If a person eats 2 out of 4 parts of the cake, what part of the cake did she/he
eat?______
1
(d) Shade this part on the cake. Is it equal to of the cake? or not? ________
2
(e) If one person eats 3 out of 4 parts of the cake, what part of the cake did
she/he eat?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 113

 Try This
1. Take a piece of paper. Divide it into half in as many ways as possible.
2. Take another piece of paper. Divide it into four equal parts in as many ways
as possible.

Do This

A
AN
1. The figures given below have been divided into equal parts. What part of
each figure is shaded? One has been done for you.
(a) (b) (c)

G
1 AN
2

(d)
L
(e)
TE

2. Colour that part of the figure that has been written below it. One has been
T,

done for you.

ER

(a) (b) (c)

1 1 1
2 2 4
SC

(d) (e) (f)

3 2 1
4 4 4

114 Dividing into equal parts

3. Colour
1 of the group of figures given below.
2
(a)

(b)

A
AN
(c)

G
(d)
L AN (e)

1
4. Colour of the group of figures given below.
4
TE

(a)
T,
ER

(b)
SC

(c)

(d)

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 115

 Try This

1. Think of more ways in which a rectangle

can be divided into two equal parts and
do them.

2. Think of more ways in which a rectangle

A
can be divided into four equal parts and
do them.

AN
Rani's birthday

G
Rani bought 40 chocolates on her birthday.

(a) She distributed

1
2
AN
of the chocolates in her
class. How many chocolates did Rani distribute
L
in class? __________
TE

1
(b) She distributed
4 of the chocolates to her teachers. How many chocolates
did Rani distribute among her teachers? ____________
T,

What part of the cupboard is filled with books?

ER

(a) What part of the shelves is full of books ? ________

(b) What part of the shelves is empty? ________
SC

What part of the biscuit packet has been eaten?

(a) If Saraswati and Komal have eaten 8 of the biscuits,
what part of the biscuit packet have they eaten?
______
(b) What part of the biscuit packet is remaining?
______

116 Dividing into equal parts

 Exercise
1. Bhavani bought a dozen eggs. She used
1 of the eggs to
2
prepare omlets. How many eggs did she use? (1 dozen = 12)
2. Leela had 12 bananas. She ate one-fourth of them. How many did she eat?

A
AN
3. Shiva had 8 hens. He sold 3 of the hens. How many did he sell?

G
4
L AN
4. Abhishek earned ` 100 in a day. He spent 1 of the money on food. How
TE

2
much money did he spend?

5. There are 20 pages in a chapter. Usha has read 1 pages of the chapter. How
T,

5
many pages has Usha read?
ER

Try This
1. What part of your classroom blackboard is empty right now?
SC

2. What is the total number of children in your class? What part of your class
is boys? What part of your class is girls?
3. What part of the children in your class are present today?
4. What part of the teachers in your school are present today?
5. Make 5 more problems as given above.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 117

 13 Smart tables
Jyothi teacher has written the grades of her Class 4 students in the register.

Akhila A Sonia C Uday B Sarala A

A
Raju A Gopi B Anil A Urmila B

AN
Amzad C Leela B Deepthi B Ramesh B
Vinay B Shameen A Sruthi C Srinu A

G
Hampi A Pragna C Roja B Prasad B
Rani B Fahim A
AN Mangala A Kamala B
Krishna A Komal B Kalpana B John C
L
The Headteacher of her school asked her to report the number of students who
TE

have got A, B and C grades. To find this out, Jyothi makes a table and puts a tally
mark for each grade she comes across as she goes down the list. She has made
marks for Akhila, Raju, Amzad and Vinay according to their grade. Can you help
the teacher in completing the table.
T,
ER

Grade Tally marks Number of students

A II
SC

B I

C I

(a) How many children got A grade?

(b) How many children got B grade?
(c) How many children got C grade?

118 Smart tables

Which is your favourite game?
Make a list of all the children in your class. Ask each child their favourite game and
record this against their name, for example, Sudhakar- skipping. Using this
information, complete the table given below-

A
AN
Name of game Tally marks Total

G
L AN
TE
T,
ER

(a) Which is the most popular game among children of your class?

__________________________________________________

(b) Which is the least popular game among children of your class?
SC

__________________________________________________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 119

How big are the families that live around you?
Visit 20 houses in your locality. Find out how many people live in each house. Use
this information and complete the table given below.

Family size Tally marks Number of families

7 members and above
6 members

A
5 members

AN
4 members
3 members

G
2 members
1 member
AN
What conclusions can you draw from this data?
L
Types of houses :
TE

In a small village Yellapur, there are 3 types of houses. The information has
been given below. With the help of tally marks fill this tables.
T,

Type of house tally marks [Link] houses

ER
SC

120 Smart tables

Picture Tables and Charts
Abdullah's Toy Shop
Abdullah has a small toy shop. He has 10 toys of each type in the beginning of
May. The picture table given below provides information about the stock of toys at
the end of the month.

A
AN
G
L AN
TE
T,
ER
SC

(a) Which toy is the most in stock at the end of the month?
(b) Which toy is the least in stock at the end of the month?
(c) There were 10 of each of these toys in the beginning of the month.
Looking at the stock of toys in the picture table can you say which toy
has been sold the most in the month?
(d) Which other toys are popular with children?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 121

Helping Hands!
Class 4 students of Palampet Primary School were given a target of collecting
` 300 in a week for an orphanage home. They asked ` 5 donation from each
person they approached.
The picture table given below provides a description of how much money they
collected on each day of the week.

A
Day Money collected Total money

AN
SUN

G
MON AN
TUE
L
WED
TE

THU
T,

FRI
ER

SAT
SC

(a) On which day was the collection highest?

(b) On which days did they collect the same amount of money?
(c) Did the class meet its target?

122 Smart tables

Bags of paddy
Mallaiah is a farmer. He has been keeping a record of the production of paddy for
four years. Each bag is equal to 50 kg of paddy produced.

Bags of paddy

A
AN
G
L AN
TE
T,
ER

(a) In which year the production of paddy is highest? How much?

SC

(b) In which year did the paddy production was double to that of 2009?

(c) Mallaiah's paddy production has steadily increased over the past four
years. Can we draw this conclusion from the above picture chart?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 123

Box Charts
How much oil is in stock?
An oil merchant sells groundnut, palmolein, sunflower, coconut and rice bran oil.
The box chart given below provides a record of the stock of oil packets at the end
of the week.

A
AN
G
L AN
TE
T,
ER
SC

(a) Which oil is lying most in stock?

(b) Which oil is lying least in stock?
(c) If there were 30 packets of groundnut oil in the beginning of the week
then how many have been sold in the week?
(d) If there were 20 packets of sunflower oil in the beginning of the week
then how many have been sold in the week?

124 Smart tables

 14 Borders and boundaries
The students of Venkatapur Primary School wanted to decorate their classrooms
on Republic Day. They decided to decorate the blackboards by sticking streamers
all around their edges.

A
AN
2m

G
L AN 1m
TE
T,
ER

The perimeter of
the blackboard is
6 meters
How much of streamer paper should they buy for one
blackboard?
SC

The students measured the sides of blackboard Then they

added the lengths of all the four sides-
2m+2m+1m+1m=6m
Thus, the total length of streamer paper required is 6 m.
Are they correct? _________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 125

Fencing the fields
Ramaiah, Ahmed and John are friends. They have decided to fence their lands.
11 m 6m
6m

Ramaiah's land 10 m
10 m 9m 2m

A
Ahmed's land 3m

AN
8m 10 m
4m

G
AN 4m
16 m 7m
3m John's land

20 m
L
They went together and bought 100 meters of fencing wire. Will this be enough to
TE

fence all their fields?

Do This
T,

1. Find the perimeter of the land spaces given below.

7m
ER

(a) (b)
6m
10 m
SC

5m

15 m
12 m
10 m
11 m

10 m

126 Borders and boundaries

 Try This

1. Estimate the perimeter of your classroom. Then measure it with a measuring

tape.
Borders and Laces
(a) Salma went to the lace shop to buy lace for her dupatta. How much
lace does she need? ______
2 m 50 cm

A
AN
75 cm

G
(b)
AN
If one meter of lace costs ` 12, then how much money will Salma pay
to the shopkeeper? ______
L
Vasudha wants to put a special border all around her new sari. The length of t h e
TE

sari is 5m 50cm and its breadth is 1m 50cm.

(a) What is the length of border that Vasudha needs to buy? ______
T,
ER
SC

(b) If 1m border costs ` 75, then how much does Vasudha has to pay to
the shopkeeper? ______

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 127

 5 cm
Try This

1. (a) What is the perimeter of this square? _______

(b) If I remove a square of length 1cm from one

corner, will the perimeter of the square change?
_______

A
AN
G
(c) What happens when I remove from all four
corners? _______
L AN
(d) What about here? _______
TE

2. (a) How can we measure the perimeter of this field?

T,
ER
SC

(b) Uma and Shreya are racing

each other on a circular track.
Uma is running on the inner
track and Shreya is running on
the outer track. Both are
starting their run from different
positions. Can you guess, why?

128 Borders and boundaries

 Exercise

1. Find the perimeter of the enclosures given below-

(a) 12 m (b) 10 m
2m

3m
10 m 6m

10 m

4m

A
(c) 6m
13 m

AN
3m
10 m
15 m

10 m

4m
4m

G
3m 3m
AN
2m
6m 6m

4m
L
2. The measurements of Ranga's and Rama's fields are given below. They
TE

both want to buy fencing wire. Who needs more wire?

20 m
15 m
10 m
T,
5m

5m
ER

25 m 25 m
Ranga Rama
3m
3. Ravi takes 3 rounds of this garden, everyday in the morning. What is the
SC

total distance he walks each day?

70 m

25 m 25 m

100 m

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 129

 15 Halves that look alike
Bhavya was drawing a rangoli outside her house.
Her mother came and told her- ''Bhavya! Leave the
rangoli. Go to shop and get me some haldi. Your sister

A
will complete the rangoli''.
Bhavya's sister Navya completed the other half of the

AN
rangoli.

G
L AN
TE

Are there any other ways in which you can divide this rangoli into halves that look
alike?
T,

Now Navya told Bhavya "I will draw half the rangoli. You complete it."
Help Navya complete the rangoli.
ER

Put a mirror along the incomplete part. What do you find?

SC

130 Halves that look alike

 A
AN
G
Do This AN
1. Draw a line to divide the following pictures into halves that look alike. Unlike
in the first picture, there may be more than one way of doing this.
L
TE
T,
ER
SC

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 131

 A
AN
G
AN
2. Draw a line which divides the figures given below into halves that look alike.
Hint: You will find more than one way in which each figure can be divided.
L
TE
T,
ER

3. Can numbers be divided into halves that look alike?

Which of the following numbers can be divided into halves that look alike? Also,
draw the line which divides the number into halves. One has been done for you.
SC

132 Halves that look alike

 Try This

1. Look around you. State which are the objects that can be divided into halves
that look alike.

Activity
Making a mask

A
Let us make a mask of an elephant.

AN
1. Take a piece of paper. Draw a line which divides it into half.
2. Draw half face of an elephant on one side of the paper as shown below.

G
3. Now fold the paper along the line.
4. Cut along the outline of the face of elephant using scissors
AN
5. Open the fold and make the eyes.
6. Colour it and tie a rubber band to it so that it can be used like a mask.
L
TE
T,
ER
SC

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 133

 16 Patterns
Rajitha and Sravanthi are going to a Jathara. On the way they crossed various
houses.
Rajitha: Sravanthi! look at the beautiful patterns on the boundary walls of these

A
houses.

AN
G
L AN
TE
T,
ER
SC

Identify what part of the boundary wall is repeating itself to make the pattern.

134 Patterns
Sravanthi: Look, there are patterns
on the grills of the boundary walls
of these houses also.

A
AN
G
AN
Identify what part of the grill is repeating itself to make the pattern.
L
TE

At the bus stop the girls were standing under a tree, waiting
for the bus.
Rajitha: Look Sravanthi! The leaves on the stalk are
growing in a pattern.
T,
ER

While travelling in the bus, Rajitha and Sravanthi went over this bridge.
Do you notice any pattern in the construction of the bridge?
SC

Think ! what are the things around you that you see patterns in?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 135

At the jathara, Sravanthi and Rajitha purchased pearl
chains for themselves.

1. Recognise the pattern in the pearl chains given below and extend the chain
according to the pattern?

A
(a)

AN
(b)

G
(c)
AN
(d)
L
TE

2. Here are some other pretty necklaces that the girls saw at the jathara. Identify
the pattern and add two more beads to them-

(a)
T,
ER

(b)
SC

(c)

(d)

(e)

136 Patterns
 Do This

1. Draw three chains of different patterns.

A
AN
G
Patterns with turns
AN
These children are playing in the playground during mid-day meal time.
Do you notice a pattern in the way they are standing?
L
TE
T,
ER

These children are playing kho-kho. Is there a pattern in which they are sitting?
SC

Yes there is. Every alternate child is facing the opposite direction adjacent to her.

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 137

 Do This

1. Carry forward these patterns.

(a)

A
AN
(b)

G
(c)
L AN
(d)
TE
T,

(e)
ER
SC

(f)

138 Patterns
Patterns in numbers
Identify the patterns in the series of numbers given below.
1. What will be the next three numbers in these series of numbers?
(a) 2, 4, 6, 8, _____________

(b) 1, 3, 5, 7, _____________
What is the relationship

A
between the consecutive
(c) 3, 6, 9, 12, _____________ numbers in the series?

AN
(d) 11, 15, 19, 23, ____________

G
(e) 15, 13, 11, 9, _____________ AN
(f) 21, 27, 33, 39, _____________

Some of these patterns

L
(g) 40, 35, 30, 25, _____________ are increasing.
TE

(h) 3, 6, 10, 15, _____________

T,

(i) 8, 16, 24, 32, _____________

ER

(j) 49, 42, 35, 28, _____________

Some of these patterns

(k) 70, 60, 50, 40, _____________ are decreasing.
SC

(l) 9, 19, 29, 39, _____________

(m) 36, 45, 54, 63, _____________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 139

2. Now, identify the patterns in these number series and carry it forward.
(a) 3, 6, 12, 24 _______________________________
(b) 4, 8, 16, 32 ________________________________
(c) 32, 16, 8, 4 ________________________________
(d) 2, 6, 18, 54 ________________________________
(e) 5, 20, 80 __________________________________

A
(f) 800, 400, 200 _______________________________

AN
Patterns in the calendar
Choose any 9 numbers as shown in the calendar.

G
What is their sum? AN
Vani added the numbers-
13 + 20 + 27 + 14 + 21 + 28 + 15 + 22 + 29 = 189
L
Rama- I can do it faster. I will just multiply the middle number by 9 and get the
TE

answer- 9 x 21 = 189
Now, choose any 5 numbers as shown in this calendar.
What is their sum?
T,

Vani added all the numbers- 2 + 9 + 16 + 23 + 30 = 80

ER

Rama said- I can also do this quickly by multiplying the

middle number by 5.
Is Rama correct?
SC

Do This
1. Take any other 9 numbers as shown above. Find out if this pattern is true for
those 9 numbers too. You can use any month of any calendar.
2. Take any other 5 numbers in the calendar. Find out if the pattern is true for
those 5 numbers. You can use any month of any calendar.

140 Patterns
 17 Maths around us
Santosh’s sister is going to be married in a week’s time. Everybody in the house is
busy with the preparations.
Today Santosh, his sister

A
Anitha and their parents are
going to the market, to shop

AN
for clothes. Anitha and her
mother entered their favourite
saree shop. They looked at

G
many sarees and finally
selected these- AN
L
TE
T,

` 1500 ` 2000 ` 3200

ER
SC

Notice the
different patterns
on each saree. Also
notice the patterns
on your mother's
sarees.

` 850 ` 1300

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 141

1. What is the total amount they spend on the sarees? ___________
2. If they give ` 9000 to the shopkeeper, how much money will the shopkeeper
return? ___________

Meanwhile Santosh and his father went and looked at the

men’s clothes. They both bought cloth for their shirts and
pants.

A
3. Given below is the bill that the shopkeeper gave them.
Can you complete it-

AN
Item Rate per meter Amount
1 m 50 cm pant cloth ` 150

G
1 m 50 cm pant cloth AN ` 220
2 m shirt cloth ` 140
2 m shirt cloth ` 125
Total
L
TE

Buying sweets for the marriage

They then went to the sweet shop. They placed an order for 20 kg of laddoos and
20 kg of badhushaw. 1 kg of ladoos costs ` 120 and 1 kg of badhushaw costs
` 150.
T,
ER

1. How much will they pay to the

sweet seller?
SC

2. Santosh asked the shopkeeper to

pack the laddoos in boxes of half
kg. How many boxes of ladoo
will the shopkeeper give them?

142 Maths around us

Posting marriage cards
Santosh then went to the post office to
Rate chart
post the wedding cards to friends and
Letter
` 5 (for every
family. The post master weighs the
20 gm or less) marriage card and tells Santosh that it
weighs 35 grams.

A
1. How much does Santosh have to
pay to the post master for posting

AN
200 cards?

The family came back very happily with

G
their shopping and the work they have
done in the day.
AN
Preparing for the journey
L
The marriage is going to take place at Warangal at the Bride groom’s house. Many
members of the family will be travelling for the marriage, so father decides to hire
TE

buses to travel. The next day Santosh and his father went to the bus agency.
His father estimates that about 4 people from each of 40 families will travel for the
marriage.
T,

1. About how many people will travel for the marriage?

ER

The bus agency tells him that each bus contains 15 rows of seats and 4 people can
sit comfortably in each row.
SC

1. How many people can be seated in

each bus?
2. How many such buses will be
required?
3. Will there be empty seats in any bus
if the number of people who travel
for the marriage are as per father’s
estimate? How many?

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 143

Father agrees to pay the bus agency ` 12 for every kilometre travelled.

1. If the distance from Adilabad to Warangal and back is 500 km then how
much will father pay for one bus? How much will he pay for all the buses
he has hired?
2. If father has given an advance of ` 4500 to the bus agency, how much does
he need to pay after returning home?

Marriage party leaves for Warangal

A
On the day of marriage, the whole party started from Adilabad at 7 o’ clock in the

AN
morning.
Tanu : When will we reach Warangal?

G
Aunty: If we don’t stop anywhere, we should reach there in 5 hours.
Tanu : It is 7 o’clock now, so we will reach by _________
AN
Manjeet: It is going to take us 5 hours so it must be far.
Aunty : It is about 250 km.
L
Tanu : Are we going to stop anywhere?
TE

Anand : May be at Karimnagar, about 180 km from here.

1. At about what time will the buses reach Karimnagar?

(a) Before 10 o’clock
T,

(b) Between 10 and 11 o’clock

ER

(c) After 11 o’clock

Soon the children and young people started playing antyakshari and the bus was
filled with melodious voices. Meanwhile the elders were enjoying the view of the
SC

beautiful forests and hills.

They crossed the Rayapatnam bridge on the
beautiful river Godavari at the Adilabad border
and children started excitedly looking outside
the windows
Anu : Wow! Look how beautiful Godavari is.
It is soooo.. big!

144 Maths around us

Arif : Uhmm... Is it 100 meters wide?
Madhavi : No, it must be more than half a kilometer wide.
Aunty : Look! It is written- The length of the bridge is 863 meters. So the river
must be about 600 m wide.

1. If the bus that the marrige party was travelling is about 5 meters long, how
many buses do you think can stand in a line on the bridge?

A
Having tea and juice at Karimnagar

AN
Discussing the Godavari, its beauty and its floods, the marriage party reached
Karimnagar. They stopped for tea. All the elders wanted to have tea while the
children and youth wanted to have juice. The shopkeeper was asked to prepare 90
cups of tea. Four (4) two and a half litre bottles of juice was also purchased for the

G
children and youth. AN
L
TE
T,
ER

1. How many liters of juice was purchased? _________

SC

2. If each person drinks 1 glass of juice and 1 glass contains 100 ml of juice,
then how many litres of juice was consumed? _________
3. If one cup of tea costs ` 5, then how much money need to be paid for the
tea? _________
4. If 1 litre juice costs ` 18, then how much money need to be paid for the
juice? _________

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 145

Purchasing flowers
While everybody was having tea, Santosh went to buy
flowers to greet the groom's family. He bought 35
cubits of jasmine flower garlands.

A
AN
G
1. About how many cubits of jasmine will make a garland?
2. They reached Warangal safely at 1 : 30 in the afternoon. How much time
did they take to reach Warangal?
L AN
The marriage at Warangal was a very happy occasion for both the families.
TE
T,

Try This
ER

1. What are the types of mathematical calculations that need to be made during
marriages in your house?
SC

2. What are the types of mathematical calculations that need to be made when
your family go out for a holiday?

146 Maths around us

 GUIDELINES FOR TEACHER
Curricular and Pedagogical

Dear teachers,
There are 17 chapters in this book. Broadly, they cover two areas- numbers and space. Building
number sense at the primary stage involves an ability to read, write and understand bigger numbers as
well as skill in the four fundamental operations- addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It also
involves seeing relationships between different operations for e.g., between addition and subtraction
and between multiplication and division as well as engaging with properties of operations like commutative

A
and distributive properties. Ability to engage with number patterns is also an integral part of a growing
number sense. Fractions build up on the understanding of division and also prepare children for denser

AN
concepts such as percentages, ratios etc., as well as a growing number set, all these to come in the
upper primary classes. Spatial understanding is about seeing the world in terms of 3D and 2D shapes,
understanding the relationship between the 3D and 2D world, visualizing the world from different positions
and also exploring patterns and symmetry. Measurements involve quantification of various spatial and

G
non spatial concepts like length, weight, capacity, time and perimeter and the use of the four operations
in all of these areas also consolidates number sense. Estimation remains an important part of both
AN
numbers and space. Data handling involves visualizing numbers through various types of pictures and
graphs. We request you to help children enjoy both the numerical and spatial aspects of mathematics.
There are a few things that we would also like to mention about the nature of classroom transaction in
a primary mathematics classroom. First, using concrete objects is essential at this stage. Some examples
L
of concrete objects that are needed at the primary stage are dice, number cards, the 100 beads mala,
TE

meter rod, measuring tape, weights, clock, calendar, boxes of various shapes, bottles of various capacities,
mirror etc. Second, concepts need to be placed in experiences that are meaningful for children such
that children can see a connection between the mathematics they are doing in the classroom and the
mathematics in the outside the world. The book makes an attempt to place concepts in situations that
children can make sense of and we request you to also prepare more problems which will help children
T,

in relating concepts to local situations. Also encourage children to make their own mathematical problems
and solve them. Third, there may be many ways to solve a problem. Please, encourage children to
develop their own strategies to solve problems and also give space to them to discuss their strategies
ER

with each other. In fact, collaborative learning is a resource for the classroom and children should be
encouraged to solve problems in pairs and groups.
You are also requested to organize field trips, metric melas, math exhibitions, learning corners, quiz,
SC

math club activities etc., whenever possible in the course of the year.
Lastly, we request all of you to read all chapters carefully and plan accordingly before you enter the
classroom. We also feel that it would greatly benefit classroom transaction if you would solve all the
problems given in a chapter before teaching it. There is also the expectation that you would arrange for
whatever teaching learning material (TLM) is required for building concepts, for e.g., a meter rope for
length, one litre bottles for capacity etc.
A note about the books: Children have been provided space to solve problems not only at the end of the
chapter but at various points during the course of the chapter. In fact, the process of concept building is
a process in which the child is engaging in a dialogue with the text and space is provided to him/her to

Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22 147

articulate what he/she has understood at regular intervals. 'Do This' exercises provide children practice on the
concept taught and are supposed to be done by the students on their own. 'Try this' exercises have an element
of challenge to them and invite children to think. 'Think and discuss' problems again have an element of
challenge and are also meant to be worked on in pairs and groups. The 'Exercise' given at the end of the
chapter covers various learning points in the chapter.
Teaching learning strategies and the expected learning outcomes, have been developed class
wise and subject-wise based on the syllabus and compiled in the form of a Hand book to guide the
teachers and were supplied to all the schools. With the help of this Hand book the teachers are
expected to conduct effective teaching learning processes and ensure that all the students attain
the expected learning outcomes.

A
Some chapter-wise guidelines are given below-

AN
Shapes
y Encourage children to identify both 3D and 2D shapes in objects around them.
y Also encourage an exploration of actual objects of different 3D shapes so that children can
understand their various features.

G
y Provide space to children to articulate their understanding of these features rather than provide
them with definitions. AN
y Encourage children to open various kinds of boxes and observe their nets.
y Create situations, where the children observe objects and locations from different views and
encourage them to draw what they see.
y Showing some local maps of the school, locality, village etc., and encourage children to locate
L
places on them.
TE

Numbers
y Help children understand the base 10 number system using contexts like the 100 beads mala,
the number line, the 100 number table etc.
y Provide ample opportunities to children to make numbers from digits and compare numbers.
T,

Addition and subtraction

y Encourage children to add and subtract bigger numbers as well as estimate sums and differences
ER

y Create many more meaningful word problems of all three types- 'combine', 'compare' and
'change' structures and ask children to solve them. It is also important to give children
opportunities to make word problems of addition, subtraction and also those which involve
both operations.
SC

Multiplication
y Encourage children to multiply bigger numbers as well as estimate products.
y Create many more meaningful word problems of all types- equal groupings, rate product, array
product and cartesian product (in class 5) and ask children to solve them. It is also important to
give children opportunities to make word problems of multiplication.
y Children should be given ample opportunities to split numbers at 10, 100 etc using the distributive
law and then multiply.
y Encourage children to see the relationship between multiplication and division as well as
commutative and distributive properties of multiplication.
Division
148 Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22
 y Encourage children to divide bigger numbers as well as estimate quotients.
y Create many more meaningful word problems of all types- Grouping and Equal sharing. and
ask children to solve them. It is also important to give children opportunities to make word
problems on division as well.
Fractions
y Students use half, quarter, three fourth in their daily life without understanding them as fractional
numbers. Use these meaningful experiences to introduce fractions to children.
y In understanding fractions it is important for children to understand that the whole can be one
object or a group of objects. It is also important for them to understand that the object or group

A
of objects is being divided into equal parts.
y It is also important to see the relationship fractions have with division and their entity as numbers

AN
on the number line.
Measurements
y Length, weight, time and capacity have been used to introduce children to the area of

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measurements.
y Children have a variety of rich experiences in all these areas and they should be utilized in
AN
classroom transactions. In fact, children whose parents are involved in professions that constantly
engage with various units of length, weight and capacity should be treated as an invaluable
resource for the classroom.
y A very important part of understanding length, weight, capacity and time is understanding how
L
long a centimeter, meter etc is, how heavy a kilogram, few grams is, how much a litre is etc. So
TE

provide children opportunities to use a meter length rope, kilogram sack of sand etc and also
the actual measures wherever possible.
y Wherever possible use field trips and project works, which gives perceptual experience and
make them to understand different measurements and their conversions.
T,

Patterns
y Children see patterns all around them both in the man made world and in nature. Encourage
children to identify the patterns they see all around them.
ER

y Encourage children not only to identify patterns but also create patterns of their own.
y Encourage children to make number patterns.
Symmetry
SC

y Encourage children to identify symmetrical objects all around them.

y Encourage children to see symmetry in nature around them.
y Encourage use of mirror in the classroom for understanding line symmetry.
Data handling
y Give children opportunities to collect data in their school and home surroundings and then
organize it in different ways i.e., using tables, pictographs and bar charts.

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 Syllabus

I SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING (16 hrs.)

Shapes and Spatial Understanding
y Identifies 3D shapes in objects (without using the names of the shapes).

A
y Identifies the edges and corners of 3D shapes.

AN
y Distinguishes among 3 D shapes based on their ability to roll and slide.
y Identifies the side view, top view, front view of simple objects/ plans.
y Identifies the nets of cuboid and cube shaped boxes.

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y Identifies 2-D shapes viz., rectangle, square, triangle and circle by their names.
y Identifies 2D shapes in objects. AN
y Making pictures using known 2D shapes.
y Making shapes on the dotted board.
y Understands the meaning of perimeter and can calculate it.
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y Explores line symmetry though reflections, paper cutting, paper folding etc.
TE

Patterns (3 hrs)
y Identifies, carries forward and makes visual patterns.

II NUMBERS (40 hrs.)

T,

Numbers upto 1000

y Using word problems/ contextual situations, reads, writes and compares 2, 3-digit numbers.
ER

y Estimating 2, 3- digit numbers on the number line.

y Understands place value in 2, 3-digit numbers.
y Expands a number using place value.
SC

y Makes numbers using given digits.

Addition and Subtraction
y Using word problems/ contextual situations for additions and subtractions up to 999.(compare-
combination and comparison types of word problems).
y Estimates sums and differences of 2, 3 digit numbers.
y Adds and subtracts 2-digit numbers on the empty number line.
y Frames word problems.

150 Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22

Multiplication
y Using word problems/ contextual situations multiplies 1 & 2-digit numbers with 1& 2-digit
numbers using the standard (column) algorithm as well as the distributive law. (Array product -
rate product and grouping types of word problems).
y Multiply with 10s and 100s.
y Frames word problems.
y Estimates products- 2×1, 2×2, 3×1.
Division

A
y Using word problems/ contextual situations dividing 2 & 3-digit numbers by 1 & 2-digit numbers
- with remainder and without remainder (using both equal grouping and equal sharing).

AN
y Estimates quotients of 2 & 3-digit numbers divide by 1-digit numbers.
y Frames word problems.
y Explores the relationship between multiplication and division using 2 &1-digit numbers.

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Fractional numbers
Identifies half, one fourth and three - fourths of a whole.
y
AN
y Identifies the symbols, 1 , 1 and 3 .
2 4 4
y Explains the meaning of , and 3 .
1 1
2 4 4
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y Compares, adds and subtracts like fractions intuitively.
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Patterns (3 hrs)
y Carries forward patters in numbers based on addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
III Measurement (21 hrs)
Length
T,

y Identifies metre and centimetre lengths.

Relates metre with centimetre.
ER

y
y Converts metre into centimetre.
y Measures length in metres, centimetres and inches.
Estimates length of an object and distance between two given locations.
SC

y
y Solves problems involving length and distances in metres and centimetres.
Weight
y Understands weight in terms of kilograms and grams using actual weights and created weights.
y Relates kilogram with gram.
y Estimates the weight of an object and verifies it using a balance.
y Solves problems involving weight using kilograms and grams.
y Appreciates the conservation of weight.

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Capacity
y Understands capacity in terms of litre and millilitre.
y Relates litre with ml.
y Measures capacity of given liquid using containers marked with standard units.
y Estimates the capacity of a liquid .Verifies by measuring.
y Solves problems involving capacity in litres and millilitres.
Time
y Appreciates the difference in time in terms of minutes, hours, days and months.

A
y Reads the calendar and identifies the days in the week, the weeks in the month, the months in

AN
the year.
y Understands that the year in which February has an extra day is called leap year and that a leap
year occurs once in every four years.
y Can relate the date to the day on the calendar.

G
y Reads clock time to the hours and [Link]
y Solves problems.

IV Data Handling (6 hrs)

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y Reading data using a pictograph.
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y Reading data using a box chart (bar graph).

y Recording data using tally marks.

Day to day maths (5 hrs) (Money, Length, Weight, Capacity, Space)

T,

y Word problems/ contextual situations using more than one operation and/ or more than one
concept and/or multiple stages of solving.
ER

y Estimation in daily life.

SC

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 Academic Standards

Academic standards are clear statements about what students must know and be able to do.
The following are categories on the basis of which we lay down academic standards

Problem Solving

A
Using concepts and procedures to solve mathematical problems

AN
(a) Kinds of problems
Problems can take various forms- puzzles, word problems, pictorial problems, procedural
problems, reading data, tables, graphs etc.
(b) Stages of problem solving

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- Reads problems
- Identifies all pieces of information/data
AN
- Separates relevant pieces of information
- Understanding what concept is involved
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- Selection of procedure
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- Solving the problem

(c) Complexity
The complexity of a problem depends on
T,

- Making connections( as defined in the connections section)

- Number of steps in the problem
ER

- Number of operations in the problem

- The amount of context unraveling required in the problem
- Nature of procedures in the problem
SC

Reasoning Proof
- Reasoning between various steps (involves conjuncture invariably).
- Understanding and making mathematical generalizations and conjectures
- Understanding and justifying procedures
- Examining logical arguments.

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- Understanding the notion of proof
- Using inductive and deductive logic
- Testing mathematical conjectures

Communication
- Writing and reading mathematical expressions like
3 + 4=7
3

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4
- Creating mathematical expressions

AN
- Explaining mathematical ideas in his/her own words like- a square is closed figure having four
equal sides and all equal angles
- Explaining mathematical procedures like- adding two digit numbers involves first adding the

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digits in the units place and then adding the digits at the tens place/ keeping in mind carry over.
- Explaining mathematical logic
AN
Connections
- Connecting concepts within a mathematical domain- for example relating adding to multipli-
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cation, parts of a whole to a ratio, to division. Patterns and symmetry, measurements and
space
TE

- Making connections with daily life

- Connecting mathematics to different subjects
- Connecting concepts of different mathematical domains like data handling and arithmetic or
T,

arithmetic and space

- Connecting concepts to multiple procedures
ER

Visualization and Representation

- Interprets and reads data in a table, number line, pictograph, bar graph, 2-D figures, 3-D
figures, pictures
SC

- Making tables, number line, pictograph, bar graph, pictures

154 Free Distribution by T.S. Government 2021-22