MLSPRIN Notes Julia Balili

Topic 1: Overview of Health • Illness is the response of a person to

disease.
Education and the
8 Dimensions of Health
Functions of Medical
Technologist as Health 1.
2.
Mental
Physical
Professionals 3.
4.
Spiritual
Social
5. Environmental
WHAT IS HEALTH? 6. Societal
• Health is “A state of being well and using 7. Sexual
every power the individual 8. Emotional
possesses to the fullest extent.” – Florence
Nightingale Other Mentions: Financial, Occupational
• WHO defines “Health“ as “A state of complete
physical, mental and social WELLNESS
well-being, and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.” - A conscious, deliberate process that
requires a person to become aware of
and make choices for a more satisfying
Concepts of Health and Illness lifestyle. - Dr. Peggy Swarbrick, 2002
- It is the integration of social, mental,
HEALTH emotional, spiritual & physical health at
any level of health or illness
- Derived from the old English word
“Hoelth”, meaning whole or “A state or Difference of health and wellness:
condition of being sound”
- Health concerns the whole person and 1. Some aspects of HEALTH are
his/her integrity, soundness or well- determined by genes, age and other
being factors
- Holistic (total health) – includes 2. WELLNESS is largely determined by the
different dimensions of health decisions you make
3. WELLNESS is a state of mind, a way of
life which involve options that an
individual takes to enjoy a healthy life.
• Illness manifests when there is an
imbalance in the vital force that governs Can one be well in spite of being ill?
an individual’s ability to adapt to
A shining example of high level wellness is
changes in the environment.
Carmela who is sick with terminal cancer but is
still able to interact, communicate, and relate
• Illness are physical deterioration,
productively and significantly with the members
anatomical damage, and physiological
of her family and community.
malfunction.
The important takeaway about wellness are
that it is important to nourish and focus on all 8
MLSPRIN Notes Julia Balili

dimensions of health: emotional, spiritual, Sec. 13 “The state shall establish a special
intellectual, physical, environmental, societal, agency for disabled persons for their
sexual, and social. All of the aspects of your rehabilitation, self-development, self-reliance,
wellness are connected and impact each other. and their integration into the mainstream of
society.”
Health as a Basic Human Right
WHO, 1946 “…state of complete physical, Topic 2: Health Education
mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of a disease and infirmity.” Why do we study for health education as
Medical Professionals?
The modern concept of HEALTH refers to the
optimum level of functioning of individuals, Aside from being inside the laboratory, there
families and communities which is affected by are also other job opportunities for us medical
several factors in the ecosystem: technologists outside. Like for example, we can
work in the academe, as a clinical instructor or
1. Political factors
in a community wherein we deal with the
2. Behavioral factors
primary health concerns of the people or
3. Hereditary factors
patients.
4. Health care delivery system
5. Environmental influences So, what is health education?
6. Socio-economic influences
- Combination of learning experiences
designed to help individuals and
2. Philippine Constitution of 1987, Art. 13, communities improve their health, by
Sec. 11 increasing their knowledge or
influencing their attitudes.
“The State shall adopt an integrated and
comprehensive approach to health
development which shall endeavor to make Importance of Health Education
essential goods, health and other social services
available to all the people at affordable cost. 1. Enhance knowledge awareness.
There shall be priority for the needs of the 2. Promotes health, safety, and
underprivileged, sick, elderly, disabled, women security of the people.
and children. The State shall endeavor to 3. Develop and improve
provide free medical services to paupers.” community resources.
4. Increase productivity and
strength of character.
Philippine Constitution of 1987, Art. 13,
5. Disease Prevention
Sec. 12
6. Minimize Cost
7. Self-reliant behavior
“The state shall establish and maintain an
effective food and drug regulatory system and
undertake appropriate health, manpower Health Promotion enhance the quality of life
development and research, responsive to the for all people by focusing on prevention.
country’s health needs and problem.”
MLSPRIN Notes Julia Balili

Purposes of Health Education

Community support for primary health care
1. A Means of Propagating Health
Promotion and Disease Prevention Aims of Health Education:

- 1st point: Description of ⚫ To inform the general public of the

interrelationship of learner’s mental, principles of physical and mental
physical, emotional and social health hygiene and methods of preventing
- 2nd point: Health education is concerned avoidable diseases.
on the lifestyle, family history and risk
⚫ To create an informed body of opinion
factors
and knowledge. (social workers,
teachers)
2. Used to modify or continue Health
Behaviors as Necessary ⚫ To give the public accurate information
3. Provides Health Information and Service of medical discoveries.
4. Emphasizes Good Health Habits and
Practices as an integral aspect of ⚫ To facilitate the acceptance and proper
culture, media and Technology usage of medical measures.

Its purpose is to contribute to health and well-

being by promoting lifestyles, community Methods of Approaches in
actions and conditions that make it possible to Health Education
live healthful lives (The Code of Ethics for Health
1. Legal or Regulatory Approach
Educators, Association for the Advancement of - Makes use of the law to protect
Health Education). health of the public (Ex.
Health educators take on profound Epidemic disease act, pollution
act)
responsibilities in using educational processes
- Applicable only at certain times
to promote health and influence well-being.
or limited situations
2. Administrative or Service
Philippine Constitution of 1987, Art. 11,
Approach
Sec. 15 - Intends to provide all the health
facilities needed by the people
“The state shall protect and promote the right
‘felt needs of people’
to health of the people and instill health
3. Educational Approach
consciousness among them.” - Most effective components:
Principles of Health Education 1. Motivation
2. Communication
Good health practices 3. Decision-making
Use of preventive services
Correct use of medications and the pursuit of
rehabilitations regimens
Recognition of early symptoms and promoting
early referrals
MLSPRIN Notes Julia Balili

Hindrances or Barriers in Process of - Ex. Family history of hereditary disease,

Communication Threat of cross infections, Accident
hazard, Poor environmental sanitation
⚫ Psychological barriers
3. Foreseeable Crisis
→ emotional disturbances - Anticipated periods of unusual demand
→ depression on the individual or family in terms of
adjustment/family resources
→ neurosis - Ex. Marriage, Pregnancy, Death, Job,
⚫ Physiological barriers Divorce

→ difficulties in self-expression Topic 3: Medical

→ difficulties in hearing or seeing
Technologist as Health
→ difficulties in understanding
Educator
⚫ Environmental barriers

→ excessive noise Health educators are professionals who

educate people about health promotion and
→ difficulties in vision disease prevention.
→ congested areas How can we be a good health educator?
- By learning the concepts of teaching and
⚫ Cultural barriers
learning.
→ persistent patterns of behaviour,
habits, beliefs, customs, attitudes, religion,
What is Education Process?
etc - A continuous cycle that also involves
Categories of Health Problems: two interdependent players: teacher
and the learner
1. Health Deficit
Consists of:
- A gap between actual and achievable
health status ➢ Assessment – ascertain learning needs,
Possible precursors of health deficit readiness to learn, learning styles
➢ Planning – Develop teaching plan based
- History of repeated infections on mutually predetermined behavioral
- No regular health check-up outcomes to meet individual needs
Ex. Illness states, diagnosed or ➢ Implementation – Perform the act of
undiagnosed, Failure to thrive/develop teaching using specific instructional
(malnutrition), Disability methods and tools
➢ Evaluation – Determine behavior
2. Health Threat changes (outcomes) in knowledge,
- Conditions that are conducive to attitudes, and skills
disease, accident or failure to realize
one’s potential Educationalists have argued that teaching, and
especially the teaching of adults, is a function
MLSPRIN Notes Julia Balili

involving complex concepts (Knowles et ak.,

1998).

Education Change Process

- Includes the act of teaching and 3. Implement change one step at a time.
instruction. - Change must be done gradually one at a time
- Teaching is an intervention that in order to have an orderly and systematic
involves the planning and process of change.
implementation of instructional 4. Evaluate the overall results of the change
activities and experiences. process and make further adjustments.
- Instruction is a component of teaching - This helps student identify strengths and
weaknesses so as to provide remedial measures
that involves the communicating of
and allow the gradual process of change.
information.
- Learning is defined as a change in
behavior knowledge, skills, and Managing Change
attitudes that can occur at any time or
Management strategies for change:
place result of exposure to
environmental stimuli. 1. Empirical-rational strategy
- This is strategy which assumes that
Role of Medical Technologist should act as a
learners are rational beings with mental
facilitator, creating an environment conducive
faculties and behave according to their
to learning.
personal beliefs, interests and
Role of educator is not to primarily teach, but to motivation.
promote learning and create the teachable 2. Normative or re-educative Strategy
moment. – Wagner & Ash, 1998 - This strategy assumes that learners
always act consistently with their
Change Process commitment to socio-cultural norms of
- Process which changes the state or behavior and are therefore willing to
which results in change change for purposes of acceptance and
- Change process “nothing is permanent recognition.
but change” – Heraclitus (500 BC) 3. Power-coercive Strategy
- This is a strategy which makes learners
comply with instructions given by the
Change Process teacher as an authoritative figure in
order to bring about change.
1. Perceive the need for change.
- Teacher and students must be Factors affecting change
able to assess their own need for
change. Barriers to change:
2. Initiate Group Interaction
- The teacher must initiate and 1. Culture
motivate her students to think 2. Demographic
critically of med tech situations 3. Socioeconomic conditions and
which will help them build a environmental circumstances
framework for problem- solving 4. State of wellness and development
process
MLSPRIN Notes Julia Balili