Model Question Paper (3rd Set Solution)

Mathematics HSSC-I

Section – A

1 B 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 A 7 A 8 C 9 C 10 A
11 B 12 B 13 D 14 B 15 B 16 C 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 D

SECTION-B
Q2.
5−3𝑖 1−𝑖 5−8𝑖+3
(i) 𝑧= × 1+𝑖 = = 1 − 4𝑖
1+𝐼 1−(−1)

a) Modulus of 𝑧 = |𝑧| = √(1)2 + (−4)2 = √17

4
b) Argument of 𝑧 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = − 1 ⟹ 𝜃 = 275.60°
(ii) Closure Property:
Let x, y be any two elements of G such that 𝑥 = 𝑎 + √5𝑏, 𝑦 = 𝑐 + √5𝑑 ∀𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ 𝑄
𝑥 + 𝑦 = (𝑎 + √5𝑏) + (𝑐 + √5𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑐) + √5(𝑏 + 𝑑)
Since 𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 + 𝑑 are element of Q
⟹ [(𝑎 + 𝑐) + √5(𝑏 + 𝑑)] ∈ G
∴ G is closed with respect to ′ + ′.
Associative Property:
Let (𝑎 + √5𝑏), (𝑐 + √5𝑑), (𝑒 + √5𝑓) ∈ G, ∀𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓 ∈ 𝑄
L.H.S = [(𝑎 + √5𝑏) + (𝑐 + √5𝑑)] + (𝑒 + √5𝑓)
= [(𝑎 + 𝑐) + √5(𝑏 + 𝑑)] + (e + √5𝑓)
= (𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒) + √5(𝑏 + 𝑑 + 𝑓) → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
R.H.S = (𝑎 + √5𝑏) + [( 𝑐 + √5𝑑) + (𝑒 + √5𝑓)]
= (𝑎 + √5𝑏) + [( 𝑐 + 𝑒) + √5(𝑑 + 𝑓)]
= (𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒) + √5(𝑏 + 𝑑 + 𝑓) → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(2)
From Equations (1) & (2), G is Associative with respect to ′ + ′.
 Existence of Identity:
∀ (𝑎 + √5𝑏) ∈ G, there exist (0 + √50) ∈ G such that
[(𝑎 + √5𝑏) + (0 + √50)] = [(0 + √50) + (𝑎 + √5𝑏)] = (𝑎 + √5𝑏)
∴ (0 + √50) is an identity element in G with respect to ′ + ′
Existence of Inverse:
For each (𝑎 + √5𝑏) ∈ G there exist (−𝑎 − √5 𝑏) ∈ G
(𝑎 + √5𝑏) + [(−𝑎) + √5(−𝑏)] = [𝑎 + (−𝑎)] + √5[(−𝑏) + 𝑏] = 0 + √50 = Identity
∴ (−𝑎) + √5(−𝑏) is the inverse of 𝑎 + √5𝑏
Hence G is a group with respect to ′ + ′.
4 4 4 𝑚
4 4 𝑚 4
(iii) | |=0
4 𝑚 4 4
𝑚 4 4 4
4 4 4 𝑚 + 12
4 4 𝑚 𝑚 + 12
| |=0 Add 𝐶1 , 𝐶2 , 𝐶3 in 𝐶4
4 𝑚 4 𝑚 + 12
𝑚 4 4 𝑚 + 12
4 4 4 1
(𝑚 + 12) | 4 4 𝑚 1
|=0 Take (𝑚 + 12) common from 𝐶4
4 𝑚 4 1
𝑚 4 4 1
𝑅2 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅4 − 𝑅1
4 4 4 1
0 0 𝑚 −4 0
(𝑚 + 12) | |=0
0 𝑚−4 0 0
𝑚−4 0 0 0
(𝑚 + 12)[(𝑚 − 4)3 ] = 0
(Product of the principle diagonal elements in a triangular matrix)
Either (𝑚 + 12) = 0 or (𝑚 − 4)3 = 0
𝑚 = −12, 4
(iv) Let 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 8𝑠𝑥 2 − 4𝑡𝑥 + 9
As −2 and 2 are the roots of 𝑃(𝑥)
So 𝑃(−2) = 0 and 𝑃(2) = 0
∴ 𝑃(−2) = (−2)3 − 8𝑠(−2)2 − 4𝑡(−2) + 9 = 0
−32𝑠 + 8𝑡 + 1 = 0
32𝑠 − 8𝑡 = 1 → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
Now 𝑃(2) = (2)3 − 8𝑠(2)2 − 4𝑡(2) + 9 = 0
−32𝑠 − 8𝑡 + 17 = 0
 32𝑠 + 8𝑡 = 17 → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(2)
9
On adding Equations (1) & (2), we get 𝑠 = 32

On subtracting Equations (1) from (2), we get 𝑡 = 1

(v) If 𝛼, 𝛽 are the roots of 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 so 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 3 & 𝛼𝛽 = 2
3 3
If roots are (1 + 𝛼 ) and (1 + 𝛽 ), then
3 3 𝛼+𝛽 3 13
Sum of roots: 𝑆 = (1 + 𝛼 ) + (1 + 𝛽 ) = 2 + 3 ( 𝛼𝛽 ) = 2 + 3 (2) = 2
3 3 𝛼+𝛽 9 3 9
Product of roots: 𝑃 = (1 + 𝛼 ) (1 + 𝛽 ) = 1 + 3 ( 𝛼𝛽 ) + 𝛼𝛽 = 1 + 3 (2) + 2 = 10

Required Equation: 𝑥 2 − 𝑆𝑥 + 𝑃 = 0
13
𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 10 = 0
2
2𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 20 = 0
7−3𝑥+𝑥 2 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
(vi) (3+𝑥)(1−𝑥)2
= (3+𝑥) + (1−𝑥) + (1−𝑥)2 → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)

7 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 𝐴(1 − 𝑥)2 + 𝐵(3 + 𝑥)(1 − 𝑥) + 𝐶(3 + 𝑥) → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(2)

For A put 3 + 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = −3 in e𝑞𝑛(2)
25
7 − 3(−3) + (−3)2 = 𝐴(1 + 3)2 + 0 + 0 ⟹ 𝐴 = 16
For C put 1 − 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 1 in 𝑒𝑞𝑛(2)
5
7 − 3(1) + (1)2 = 0 + 0 + 𝐶(3 + 1) ⟹𝐶=4
Simplifying e𝑞𝑛(2) as
7 − 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 𝐴(1 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥) + 𝐵(−𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3) + 𝐶(3 + 𝑥)
Equating the coefficients of 𝑥 2
25 9
−1 = 𝐴 − 𝐵 ⟹ −1 = 16 − 𝐵 ⟹ 𝐵 = 16
Substituting the values of A, B and C in 𝑒𝑞𝑛 (1)
7−3𝑥+𝑥 2 25 9 5
(3+𝑥)(1−𝑥)2
= 16(3+𝑥) + 16(1−𝑥) + 4(1−𝑥)2

(vii) In A.P 𝑎1 = 74 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = −6

𝑛
(a) 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2(74) + (𝑛 − 1)(−6)]
2
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛(77 − 3𝑛)
(b) 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛(77 − 3𝑛)
380 = 𝑛(77 − 3𝑛) ∵ 𝑆𝑛 = 380
3𝑛2 − 77𝑛 + 380 = 0
20
𝑛 = 19 or 3
20
Since 𝑛 = ∉ℕ ⟹ 𝑛 = 19
3
(viii) G.P: 𝑎1 , 𝑎1 𝑟, 𝑎1 𝑟 2 , 𝑎1 𝑟 3 , , , , , , , , , , 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 , , ,,
1 1
Given that 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 𝑟 = 4 ⟹ 𝑎1 = 4𝑟 → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
G.S: 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 𝑟 + 𝑎1 𝑟 2 + 𝑎1 𝑟 3 +, , , , , , 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 +, , ,,
1 𝑎
Taking 𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟
𝑎
1
2 = 1−𝑟 ∵ 𝑆∞ = 2
2(1 − 𝑟) = 𝑎1
Using 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
1
2(1 − 𝑟) =
4𝑟
8𝑟 2 − 8𝑟 + 1 = 0
2 ± √2
𝑟=
4
Substituting it in 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
1
𝑎1 =
2 ± √2
7!
(ix) Total arrangements = 3!.2!.1!.1! = 420
6!
Numbers less than 20000000(when we put 0 at extreme left position) = 3!.2!.1!. = 60
Numbers greater than 20000000 = 420 − 60 = 360
(x) Sample space 𝑛(𝑠) = 52
Let 𝐴 be the event that the selected card is a heart card ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 13
Let 𝐵 be the event that the selected card is a face card ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 12
𝑛(𝐴) 13 𝑛(𝐵) 12
𝑃(𝐴) = = 52 and 𝑃(𝐵) = = 52
𝑛(𝑆) 𝑛(𝑆)

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 , 𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 , 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 } ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 3

𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 3
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
13 12 3 11
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 52 + 52 − 52 = 26
(xi) (1 − 𝑘𝑥)𝑛 = 1 − 10𝑥 + 60𝑥 2 + ⋯.
Comparing with
𝑛(𝑛−1)
(1 − 𝑘𝑥)𝑛 = 1 − 𝑛𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘 2 𝑥 2 + ⋯.
2!
10
We get 𝑛𝑘 = 10 ⟹ 𝑘 = → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
𝑛
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1) 10 2
and 𝑘 2 = 60 ⟹ ( 𝑛 ) = 60 using 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
2! 2!
5(𝑛−1)
𝑛
= 6⟹ 𝑛 = −5
10
𝑘 = −5 = −2 Using 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
 24 cos 𝜃 − 5 sin2 𝜃
(𝑥𝑖𝑖) = 5 − sec 𝜃
cos 2 𝜃 + 5 cos 𝜃
24 cos 𝜃 − 5 sin2 𝜃
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
cos2 𝜃 + 5 cos 𝜃
24 cos 𝜃 − 5(1 − cos2 𝜃)
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
cos 𝜃 (cos 𝜃 + 5)
5 cos 2 𝜃 + 24 cos 𝜃 − 5
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
cos 𝜃 (cos 𝜃 + 5)
5 cos 2 𝜃 + 25 cos 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 5
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
cos 𝜃 (cos 𝜃 + 5)
(5 cos 𝜃 − 1)(cos 𝜃 + 5)
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
cos 𝜃 (cos 𝜃 + 5)
5 cos 𝜃 1
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = − = 5 − sec 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 cos 𝜃
1−cos2 𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
(𝑥𝑖𝑖𝑖) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
1+cos2 𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
1 − cos2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
1 + cos2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
1 − (1 − 2 sin2 𝑥) +2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
1 + (1 − 2 sin2 𝑥) +2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 sin2 𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
2(1 − sin2 𝑥) + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
2 cos2 𝑥 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 =
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
(xiv) Let 𝑎1 = 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑏1 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑐1 = 𝑎 + 3𝑑
𝑎1 2 + 𝑏1 2 − 𝑐1 2
Cos 𝛾 =
2 𝑎1 𝑏1

(𝑎 + 𝑑)2 + (𝑎 + 2𝑑)2 − (𝑎 + 3𝑑)2

cos 𝛾 = 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
2 (𝑎 + 𝑑)(𝑎 + 2𝑑)

𝑎2 + 𝑑 2 + 2𝑎𝑑 + 𝑎2 + 4𝑑 2 + 4𝑎𝑑 − 𝑎2 − 9𝑑 2 − 6𝑎𝑑

cos 𝛾 =
2 (𝑎 + 𝑑)(𝑎 + 2𝑑)

𝑎2 − 4𝑑2 (𝑎 − 2𝑑)(𝑎 + 2𝑑) 𝑎 − 2𝑑 𝑎 𝑑

cos 𝛾 = = = = −
2 (𝑎 + 𝑑)(𝑎 + 2𝑑 2(𝑎 + 𝑑)(𝑎 + 2𝑑) 2(𝑎 + 𝑑) 2(𝑎 + 𝑑) (𝑎 + 𝑑)
 𝑥
1+ 𝑥
(xv) tan−1 ( 2
𝑥 ) + tan−1 (2)
1−
2

2+𝑥 𝑥
= tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
2−𝑥 2
2+𝑥 𝑥
+ 𝐴+𝐵
= tan−1 ( 2−𝑥 2
2+𝑥 𝑥 ) ∵ tan−1 𝐴 + tan−1 𝐵 = tan−1 (1−𝐴𝐵)
1−( )( )
2−𝑥 2

2(2 + 𝑥) + 𝑥(2 − 𝑥)
= tan−1 ( )
2(2 − 𝑥) − 𝑥(2 + 𝑥)
4 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
4 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2
(xvi) 2 cos 2𝜃 = −3 − 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2(2 cos2 𝜃 − 1) + 3 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0
4 cos2 𝜃 + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 1 = 0
(2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 1)2 = 0
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 1 = 0
1
cos 𝜃 = −
2
𝜋
Here cos 𝜃 < 0 ⟹ 𝜃 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐼𝐼 & 𝐼𝐼𝐼 with reference angle 3
𝜋 2𝜋
In Quad-II: 𝜃 = 𝜋 − 3 = 3
𝜋 4𝜋
In Quad-III: 𝜃 = 𝜋 + 3 = 3
2𝜋 4𝜋
Solution Set= { 3 , }
3

SECTION-C
1 2 3
Q3. 𝐴 = [2 5 3]
1 0 8
Using Row Operations
1 2 3 ⋮ 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐼] = [2 5 3 ⋮ 0 1 1]
1 0 8 ⋮ 0 0 1
1 2 3 ⋮ 1 0 0
𝑅~ [0 1 −3 ⋮ −2 1 0] 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 ; 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
0 −2 5 ⋮ −1 0 1
1 0 9 ⋮ 5 −2 0
𝑅~ [0 1 −3 ⋮ −2 1 0] 𝑅1 − 2𝑅2 ; 𝑅3 + 2𝑅2
0 0 −1 ⋮ −5 2 1
1 0 9 ⋮ 5 −2 0
𝑅~ [0 1 −3 ⋮ −2 1 0] (−1)𝑅3
0 0 1 ⋮ 5 −2 −1
1 0 0 ⋮ −40 16 9
𝑅~ [0 1 0 ⋮ 13 −5 −3] 𝑅1 − 9𝑅3 ; 𝑅2 + 3𝑅3
0 0 1 ⋮ 5 −2 −1
 = [𝐼 ⋮ 𝐴−1 ]
−40 16 9
Hence 𝐴−1 = [ 13 −5 −3]
5 −2 −1
Q4. (a) Number of men = 6, Number of women = 4
(i) Number of ways that a 5 member Committee including exactly 3 men = (63) × (42) = 120
(ii) Number of ways that a 5 member Committee including at least 2 women
= (63) × (42) + (62) × (43) + (61) × (44) = 120 + 60 + 6 = 166
(b) 𝑆 = {(𝐻, 1), (𝐻, 2), (𝐻, 3), (𝐻, 4), (𝐻, 5), (𝐻, 6), (𝑇, 1), (𝑇, 2), (𝑇, 3), (𝑇, 4), (𝑇, 5), (𝑇, 6)}
⟹ 𝑛(𝑆) = 12
Since A be the event that a Tail appear in tossing a coin.
𝐴 = {(𝑇, 1), (𝑇, 2), (𝑇, 3), (𝑇, 4), (𝑇, 5), (𝑇, 6)} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 6
Since B be the event that 4 dots appear in rolling a dice.
𝐵 = {(𝐻, 4), (𝑇, 4)} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 2
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {(𝑇, 4)} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1
6 1 2 1 1
𝑃(𝐴) = 12 = 2 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 12 = 6 , P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 12
For Independent Events A and B
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)
1 1 1
= ( )( )
12 2 6
1 1
=
12 12
Hence A and B are the independent events.
6
3𝑦 2 1
𝑄5. ( − )
2 3𝑦
3𝑦 2 1
𝑇𝑟+1 = (𝑛𝑟)(𝑎)𝑛−𝑟 (𝑏)𝑟 where 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = − 3𝑦 , 𝑛 = 6
2

2 6−𝑟
6 3𝑦 1 𝑟
𝑇𝑟+1 = ( ) ( ) (− )
𝑟 2 3𝑦
6 (3)6−𝑟 𝑦 2(6−𝑟) (−1)𝑟
𝑇𝑟+1 = ( )
𝑟 (2)6−𝑟 (3)𝑟 (𝑦)𝑟
6 (−1)𝑟 (3)6−2𝑟 (𝑦)12−3𝑟
𝑇𝑟+1 = ( )
𝑟 (2)6−𝑟
(i) For the term involving 𝑦 3 put 12 − 3𝑟 = 3 ⟹ 𝑟 = 3
6 (−1)3 (3)6−6(𝑦)12−9 5 3
𝑇3+1 =( ) = − 𝑦
3 (2)6−3 2
(ii) For the term independent of 𝑦 put 12 − 3𝑟 = 0 ⟹ 𝑟 = 4
6 (−1)4 (3)6−8 (𝑦)12−12 5
𝑇4+1 = ( ) 6−4
=
4 (2) 12
 𝑛+2
(iii) Middle term = ( ) 𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
2
6+2
Middle term= ( ) 𝑡ℎ = 4𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
2

6 (−1)𝑟 (3)6−2𝑟 (𝑦)12−3𝑟

𝑇𝑟+1 = ( )
𝑟 (2)6−𝑟
6 (−1)3 (3)6−6(𝑦)12−9 5 3
𝑇3+1 =( ) = − 𝑦
3 (2)6−3 2
Q6. Statement: For any two angles 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 (real numbers) then,
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 − 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
Proof:
Consider four points A, B, C and D on a unit circle with center at O
̂ = 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐶𝐷
Such that 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐴𝐵 ̂ and 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐶𝐷
Let ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 𝛽
Then ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝛼 − 𝛽, ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 𝛼 − 𝛽
Here 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼 − 𝛽 are in standard position.
Co-ordinates of point A are (1,0)
Co-ordinates of point B are (cos(𝛼 − 𝛽), sin(𝛼 − 𝛽))
Co-ordinates of point C are (cos 𝛽, sin 𝛽)
Co-ordinate of point D are (cos𝛼, sin𝛼)
Since |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐶𝐷| ∵ 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑑 𝐶𝐷
|𝐴𝐵|2 = |𝐶𝐷|2
[cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) − 1]2 + [sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) − 0]2 = (cos 𝛼 − cos 𝛽)2 + (sin 𝛼 − sin 𝛽)2
cos2 (𝛼 − 𝛽) − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 − 𝛽) + 1 + sin2 (𝛼 − 𝛽) = cos2 𝛼 + cos2 𝛽 − 2 cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽
+ sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 − 2 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽
[cos2 (𝛼 − 𝛽) + sin2 (𝛼 − 𝛽)] − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 − 𝛽) + 1 = (cos 2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛼) + (cos2 𝛽 + sin2 𝛽)
−2(cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽)
1 − 2 cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) + 1 = 1 + 1 − 2(cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽)
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 − 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽

Q7. 𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − 2𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋

(a) 3 cos 𝑥 = 3 cos( 𝑥 + 2𝜋) ∵ Period of cosine function is 2𝜋
Hence 2𝜋 is the period of 3 cos 𝑥
(b) Table of values
𝑥 0° ±30° ±60° ±90° ±120° ±150° ±180°
𝑦 3 2.6 1.5 0 −1.5 −2.6 −3
𝑥 ±210 ±240 ±270 ±300 ±330 ±360 ±210°
° ° ° ° ° °

𝑦 −2.6 −1.5 0 1.5 2.6 3 −2.6

 3 3 117
Q8. Cos −1 (5) − 2 tan−1 (4) = cos −1 (125)
3 3
Proof: L.H.S = cos −1 (5) − 2 tan−1 (4)
3
3 2× 2𝐴
L.H.S = cos −1 (5) − tan −1
( 4
3 2
) ∵ 2 tan−1 𝐴 = tan−1 (1−𝐴2 )
1−( )
4

3 24
L.H.S= cos −1 (5) − tan−1 ( 7 ) → 𝑒𝑞𝑛(1)
3 3
Let 𝛼 = cos −1 (5) 𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = 5 > 0 in [0, 𝜋] ⟹ 𝛼 ∈ 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑 − 𝐼

9 4
i.e. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = +√1 − cos2 𝛼 = √1 − 25 = 5
24 24 𝜋 𝜋
Let 𝛽 = tan−1 ( 7 ) 𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = > 0 in (− 2 , 2 ) ⟹ 𝛽 ∈ 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑 − 𝐼
7

576 25
sec β = +√1 + tan2 𝛽 = √1 + =
49 7
25 7
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛽 = ⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 =
7 25

49 24
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = +√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛽 = √1 − =
625 25

∵ cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽

3 7 4 24
cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = (5) (25) + (5) (25)
117
cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 125
117
𝛼 − 𝛽 = cos−1
25
3 24 117
cos−1 ( ) − tan−1 ( ) = cos −1
5 7 25
3 3 117
cos−1 (5) − 2 tan−1 (4) = cos−1 25