COMBINED FRAMES
Example 1: 30 kN/m
80 kN
D E 30 kN/m
4m
F
G
6m
RAX=-80 kN RBX=0 kN
A B C
10 m 8m
RAy=70 kN RBy=350 kN RCy=120 kN
Estimate support reactions and draw internal force diagrams of the given system.
Solution:
Resultant forces of uniform distributed loads and their locations
DE member Q DE 30 10,0 300 kN x Q 10,0 / 2 5,0 m
FG member Q FG 30 8,0 240 kN x Q 8,0 / 2 4,0 m
Support Reactions
30 kN/m
80 kN QDE 300 kN
E
D 30 kN/m
x Q 5,0 m
4m
F
G
QFG 240 kN
x Q 4,0 m
6m
RAX=-80 kN RBX=0 kN
A B C
10 m 8m
RAy=70 kN RBy=350 kN RCy=120 kN
FGC system M 0 F R Cy 240 4,0 / 8,0 120 kN
BFEC system M 0 E
R Bx (240 4,0 120 8,0) / 10,0 0
Whole system M 0 B
R Ay (80 10,0 300 5,0 240 4,0 120 8,0) / 10 70 kN
Whole system M A 0
R By (80 10,0 300 5,0 240 14,0 120 18,0) / 10 350 kN
Check the results:
Py 70 300 350 240 120 0
ADE system
ME 0
R Ax (300 5,0 70 10) / 10,0 80 kN
Check the results:
Px 80 80 0
30 kN/m
80 kN
D E 30 kN/m
4m
F
G
6m
RAX=-80 kN RBX=0 kN
A B C
10 m 8m
Internal Forces: RAy=70 kN RBy=350 kN RCy=120 kN
AD member
N AD N DA 70 kN VAD VDA 80 kN M AD 0
M DA (80 10,0) 800 kNm
DE member
N DE N ED 80 80 0 VDE 70 kN
M DE M DA 800 kNm VED 70 300 230 kN M ED 0
EF member
N EF N FE 70 300 230 kN VEF VFE 80 80 0
M EF 0 M FE 120 8,0 240 4,0 0
30 kN/m
80 kN
D E 30 kN/m
4m
BF member
F
N BF N FB 350 kN G
VBF VFB 0
6m
M BF 0
RAX=-80 kN RBX=0 kN
M FB 0 6,0 0 A B C
FG member 10 m 8m
N FG N GF 0 RAy=70 kN RBy=350 kN RCy=120 kN
VFG 120 240 120 kN
M FG 0
VGF 120 kN M GF 0
GC member
N GC N CG 120 kN VGC VCG 0
M GC M GF 0 M CG 0
Since the sign of the shear forces at D and E ends of DE member are
different, shear force is zero at any location and moment is maximum at
that point.
Maximum moments:
30 kN/m
Mx
Nx
Vx E
230 kN
x
Vx 230 30x 0 x 0 230/ 30 7,67 m
Distance of zero shear force to point D 10,0-7,67=2,33 m
M x 230x 30x 2 / 2 230x 15x 2
M enb. 230 7,67 15 7,672 881,67 kNm
30 kN/m
Mx
Nx
F
120 kN x Vx
x 0 VFG / q 120/ 30 4,0 m
Menb. M FG VFG 2
/(2q) M enb. 1202 /(2 30) 240 kNm
70
+ E 70 230
80 D E
120
D
230
2,33m G
+ 230 120
G
+
120
F 350 F
4,0 m
A B C A 70 B C
80 350 120
V (kN) N (kN)
D 800 E
881,67
240
800
+
F + G
+
A B C
M (kNm)
Example 2:
1,00 kNm
D E
1,00 kNm Estimate support reactions and
4
m
draw internal force diagrams
F of the given system.
G
6
m
RAX =-0,1 kN RBX =-0,1 kN
A B C
10 m 8m
RAy =0 RBy =0 RCy =0
Solution:
Support reactions
FGC system M F 0 R Cy 0
BFEC system M E 0 R Bx 1 / 10 0,10 kN
Whole system M B 0 R Ay (1,00 1,00) / 10,0 0
Whole system M A 0 R By (1,00 1,00) / 10,0 0
Check the results: P 0 0 0 0
y
R 1,00 / 10,0 0,10 kN
ADE system M 0 E
Ax
Check the results: P 0,10 0,10 0
x
Internal Forces: 1,00 kNm
D
1,00 kNm AD member
E
4
m N AD N DA 0
F
G VAD VDA 0,10 kN
6
m
M AD 0
RAX =-0,1 kN RBX =-0,1 kN M DA (0,10 10,0)
A B C
M DA 1,00 kNm
10 m 8m
RAy =0 RBy =0 RCy =0
DE member
N DE N ED 0,10 kN VDE VED 0
M ED M DA 1,00 kNm M ED 1,00 kNm
EF member
N EF N FE 0 VEF VFE 0,10 kN M EF 1,00 kNm
M FE 0,10 6,0 0,60 kNm
BF member
N BF N FB 0 VBF VFB 0,10 kN M BF 0
M FB 0,10 6,0 0,60 kNm
FG member
N FG N GF 0 VFG VGF 0 M FG 0 M GF 0
GC member N GC N CG 0
0,10
0,10
0,10 0,10 +
E
D D E
G G
+ F F
A B C A B C
0,10 0,10
V (kN)
N (kN)
1,00 1,00
E
1,00
D
1,00
+
G
+ 0,60
+ F
A B C
M (kNm)
Example 3:
100 kN 200 kN
100 kN/m
2,5
A E G1 F G2 G3 J B
m K I
1,5 1500 kN
RCx RDx RBy
RAy C m D
4m 6m 3m 5m 20 m 3m 4,5 m 5,5m
RDy
RCy
100 kN 100 kN/m 100 kN/m 200 kN
G1x=0 G3x=0
A E G1 G3 J B
G1y=540 kN G3y=610 kN
RAy=560 kN RBy=590 kN
100 kN/m
540 kN 610 kN
G1 G3
F G2 2,5 I
K
1500 kN
RCx=834,50 kN RDx=665,50 kN
C 1,5
D
RCy=2171,60 kN RDy=2078,40 kN
50 kN/m
40 kN/m
Example 4:
D 120kN
3,0 E G F 3,0
m 100kN 100kN m
H α
J K L M
I
4,0 4,0
m m
B RBx RCx C
A
RAx MB
2,0 m 1,2 m 8,8 m 1,8 m 1,2 5,0 m 3,0 m 20 kN/m
RAy RBy RCy
50 kN/m
G
Gx=17,143 kN
D3,0 E
Gy=240 kN
m 100kN
50 kN/m
J K 240 kN 40 kN/m
4,0 17,143 kN 120kN
m G F 3,0
m
A R =17,143 kN RFy=715,67 kN H
Ax
715,67 kN I
RAy=460 kN 4,0
100kN m
L M RCx=22,857 kN
C
2,0 m 1,2 8,8 m 1,8 m 1,2 5,0 m 3,0 m 20 kN/m
B RBx=0 RCy=136,09 kN
MB=120 kNm
RBy=815,67 kN
Example 5: G
3m
100 kN α2 100 kN
H I
2m 3m
40 kN/m 40 kN/m
F J
50 kN α1
E K 50 kN
4m
RBx B C RCx D
A
8m 6m 6m 8m
RAy
RBy RCy RDy
40 kN/m
F´ 40 kN/m Fx=50 kN Jx=-50 kN J´
F J
50 kN Fy=152,42 kN J =177,42 kN 50 kN
y
E 60 kN/m K
A D
G 3
100 kN 100 kNm
H I RDy=152,42 kN
RAy=177,42 kN 152,42 kN 3
177,42 kN
m
50 kN
F J 50 kN
6
m
RBx=-60 kN B C
RCx=240 kN
RCy=737,42 kN
RBy=312,42 kN
Example 6: 60 kN/m
3m
G
100 kN 100 kN
H I 3
40 kN/m 40 kN/m m
F J 2
50 kN m
E 50 kN
K 4
RBx RCx m
A B C D
8 m RBy 6m 6m RCy 8 m
RAy RDy
60 kN/m
G 3
m
H I
40 kN/m 40 kN/m 3
m
F J
2
E K m
4
RBx RCx m
A B C D
8m RBy 6m 6m RCy 8 m
RAy RDy
Symmetrical System
G 3
100 kN 100 kN m
H I 3
m
F J 2
50 kN m
E 4 50 kN
K
m
RBx RCx
A B C D
8 m RBy 6m 6m RCy 8 m
RAy RDy
Antimetric System
Example 7:
D E F
α Estimate support reactions and draw
6m
internal force diagrams of the given
α system.
20 kN/m C G
9m
Solution:
L CE 36 36 8,485 m
A B
RAx RBx 450
,
RAy 6m 6m RBy cos 45 0,707 sin 45 0,707
Support Reactions:
Since A and B are at same level
Whole system M B 0 R Ay 20 15,0 7,5 / 12 187,50 kN
Whole system M A 0 R By 20 15,0 7,5 / 12 187,50 kN
Check the results: P y 187,50 187,50 0
ACDE system ME 0
R Ax (187,50 6,0 20 15,0 7,5) / 15 225,00 kN
BGFE system M E 0 R Bx 187,50 6,0 / 15 75,00 kN
D E F
α Check the results:
P 225 300 75 0
6m
x
α
20 kN/m
C G
NAC
9m
MAC
VAC
RAx=225 kN 225 kN
B
A RBx=75 kN A
RAy=187,50 kN 6m 6m RBy=187,50 kN 187,50 kN
Internal Forces
Since CE, DE, EG ve EF members have hinge at two ends and there is no
external loads on the members, moment and shear force do not occur in
the member, only axial force exists.
Cut from A of AC member:
P y 0 N AC 187,50 kN P x 0 VAC 225 kN
Since support at A is a pin support: M AC 0
NCA
MCA
VCA
C
Cut from bottom of the C of AC member
Şekil 4.86c
P 0
20 kN/m
N CA 187,50 kN
9m
y
P 0
x VCA 225 20 9,0 45 kN
225 kN
A M 0 C
187,50 kN
M CA 225 9,0 180 4,5 1215 kNm
D NDE
Cut from DE and CE members and consider the
NCE
left part:
45 P y 0 N CE sin 45 187,5 0
15 m
C
20 kN/m
Şekil 4.86d
N CE 187,50 / 0,707 265,20 kN
P x
0 N DE 225 265,20 cos 45 300
225 kN N DE 262,50 kN
A
187,50 kN
NCD
MCD 265,20 kN
VCD
Cut from top of C of ACD system:
45
C P y 0 N CD 265,20 sin 45 187,50 0
20 kN/m
9m
P x 0 VCD 225 265,20 cos 45 180
VCD 142,50 kN
225 kN M CD M CA 1215 kNm
A
187,50 kN
D 262,50 kN
P 0 y N DC 0
MDC
VDC P 0 x VDC 262,5 kN
NDC M 0 D
M DC 0
Since the sign of the shear forces at two ends of AC and CD members
are same, there is no zero shear force.
NBG
MBG Cut from B of BG member
VBG
P y 0 N BG 187,50 kN
P VBG 75 kN
75 kN
x 0
B
187,5 kN Since the support at B is a pin support
M BG 0
Şekil 4.86g
NGB
MGB
VGB
G Cut from bottom of G of BG member
9
m
P 0 y N GB 187,50 kN
P 0 x
VGB 75 kN
B 75 kN M 0 G
MGB 75 9,0 675 kNm
187,5 kN
NFE F
NGE Cut from EF ve EG members of EFBG system and
consider the right part:
45
G
P y 0 N GE sin 45 187,5 0
NGE 187,50 / 0,707 265,20 kN
P x
0
75 kN N FE 75 (265,20 cos 45) 112,50 kN
B
187,5 kN
Cut from the top of the G of BF member and
NGF consider the bottom part:
265,21 kN
MGF
45
VGF P y 0 NGF 265,20 sin 45 187,50 0
9m
G
P x 0 VGF 75 265,20 cos 45
VGF 112,50 kN
M G 0 MGF MGB 675 kNm
75 kN
B
N FG N GF 0 VFG VGF 112,50 kN
187,5 kN
M FG 0
112,5
112,5
D 262,50 E 112,50 F D +
26 E F
+ 2,
50
45,00 142,50 75 187,50 G
C 112,50 G C 187,50
+
+ +
A B A B
225,00 75 187,50 187,50
V (kN) N (kN)
D E F
1215 675
C G
+
2op
A B
M (kNm)
Reference:
Prof. İbrahim EKİZ, YAPI STATİĞİ 1, BİRSEN YAYINEVİ
Acknowledgement:
Thank you to Prof. İbrahim EKİZ for sharing this presentation
with me.
