The
skeletal system is the body system composed of bones and
cartilage and performs the following critical functions for the human
body:
supports the body
facilitates movement
protects internal organs
produces blood cells
stores and releases minerals and fat
The muscular system contains more than 600 muscles that work together to
enable the full functioning of the body.
There are 3 types of muscles in the body:
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that can be consciously controlled. They
are attached to bones, and contracting the muscles causes movement of those
bones.
Any action that a person consciously undertakes involves the use of skeletal
muscles. Examples of such activities include running, chewing, and writing.
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle lines the inside of blood vessels and organs, such as the
stomach, and is also known as visceral muscle.
It is the weakest type of muscle but has an essential role in moving food along
the digestive tract and maintaining blood circulation through the blood vessels.
Smooth muscle acts involuntarily and cannot be consciously controlled.
Cardiac muscle
Located only in the heart, cardiac muscle pumps blood around the body. Cardiac
muscle stimulates its own contractions that form our heartbeat. Signals from the
nervous system control the rate of contraction. This type of muscle is strong and
acts involuntarily.
Digestive System
Integumentary
System
The integumentary system is the set of organs forming the outermost layer of an
animal's body. It comprises the skin and its appendages, which act as a physical
barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves
to protect and maintain the body of the animal. Mainly it is the body's outer skin.
The integumentary system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails. It has a
variety of additional functions: it may serve to maintain water balance, protect the
deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate body temperature, and is the
attachment site for sensory receptors which detect pain, sensation, pressure, and
temperature.
human digestive system, system used in the human body for the process of
digestion. The human digestive system consists primarily of the digestive tract, or the
series of structures and organs through which food and liquids pass during their
processing into forms absorbable into the bloodstream. The system also consists of
the structures through which wastes pass in the process of elimination and other
organs that contribute juices necessary for the digestive process.
respiratory system, the system in living organisms that takes up oxygen
and discharges carbon dioxide in order to satisfy energy requirements. In the living
organism, energy is liberated, along with carbon dioxide, through the oxidation of
molecules containing carbon. The term respiration denotes the exchange of the
respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the organism and the medium
in which it lives and between the cells of the body and the tissue fluid that bathes them.
Respiratory System
urinary system, or renal system, System that produces and discharges urine to rid the
body of waste products. It consists of the kidneys, which balance electrolytes in blood,
retaining and adding needed ones and removing unneeded or dangerous ones for
excretion; the ureters, two thin muscular tubes 10–12 in. (25–30 cm) long that move the
urine by peristalsis; the hollow, muscular bladder, which receives and stores it; and the
urethra, through which it leaves the body. In women the urethra is 1.5 in. (4 cm) long. In
men it is longer (since it passes through the penis), about 8 in. (20 cm), and carries
semen from the prostate gland as well as urine. Urinary disorders, which can lead
to dehydration or edema and to a dangerous buildup of waste and toxic substances,
include kidney failure, tumors, and bladder and kidney stones.
Urinary System
circulatory system, system that transports nutrients, respiratory gases, and metabolic
products throughout a living organism, permitting integration among the various tissues.
The process of circulation includes the intake of metabolic materials, the conveyance of
these materials throughout the organism, and the return of harmful by-products to
the environment.
Circulatory System
The nervous system transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body,
including internal organs. In this way, the nervous system’s activity controls the ability to
move, breathe, see, think, and more.1
The basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell, or neuron. The human brain contains
about 100 billion neurons. A neuron has a cell body, which includes the cell nucleus, and
special extensions called axons (pronounced AK-sonz) and dendrites (pronounced DEN-
drahytz). Bundles of axons, called nerves, are found throughout the body. Axons and
dendrites allow neurons to communicate, even across long distances.
Nervous System
