Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Heaven’s Light is Our Guide
Rahshahi University of Engineering and Technology
Lab Manual
Course Title: Electronics II Sessional
Course No.: EEE 2104
Course Credits: 1.5
Prepared by: Md. Farhamdur Reza
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
CONTENTS
Sl. Experiment Name Page
No. No.
01 Determination of voltage gain of cascaded BJT amplifier. 3
02 Study of Inverting amplifier using Op-Amp & determination of 5
maximum output voltage swing.
03 Study of Non-Inverting amplifier using Op-Amp & determination 7
of maximum output voltage swing.
04 Determination of Slew rate of an Op-Amp. 9
05 Study of Adder & Subtractor circuit Using Op-Amp. 12
06 Study the Integrator circuit using Op-Amp and trace the output 14
waveform for sine & squire wave input.
07 Study the Differentiator circuit using Op-Amp and trace the output 17
waveform for sine & squire wave input.
08 Study of Low-pass filter circuits (2nd order) using Op-Amp. 20
09 Study of High-pass filter circuits (2nd order) using Op-Amp. 12
10 Study of phase shift oscillator circuit using Op-Amp. 24
11 Study of Wien Bridge oscillator circuit using Op-Amp. 26
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Experiment No. 01
Experiment Name: Determination of voltage gain of cascaded BJT amplifier.
Objectives: The objective of this experiment is-
1. To study the relationship between gain of different stages.
2. To observe the phase relationship at different stages.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 1: Circuit diagram of two stage BJT amplifier
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 100mA, 01 No
2. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
3. Sine wave signal generator
4. Project Board, 01 No.
5. BJT, 02 No.
6. Resistor, 33K, 2.2K, 4.7K, 470 (02 No. each)
7. Capacitor, 10μF (03 No), 100 μF (02 No.)
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit, except RL, as shown in figure 1. Also connect the power supply,
signal generator and oscilloscope as shown.
2. Set the power supply voltage to 15 Volt.
3. Adjust the signal generator for Sine wave output, the voltage at around 25mV. Adjust the
CRO to measure the input and output voltage. N.B. in this experiment you must keep the
input voltage very very low.
4. Observe the voltage wave-shape (i) at the input (ii) collector of first stage (iii) collector of
second stage and (iv) at the output. Take a graph paper and plot the observed wave-
shapes as per scale.
5. Connect the load resistance RL = 10K across the output and repeat step 4.
Experimental Data
Sl No. Load Vi(p-p) V01(p-p) V0(p-p) V 01 V0 A v =A v 1∗A v 2
AV 1 = AV 2=
vi v 01
1 No load
2 RL=10K
Discussion:
Do you observe any difference between the voltage gain obtained from experiment and theory?
Justify.
Do you observe any difference in the voltage wave-shape of the input and output signal? Explain
the reason.
Do you observe any difference in the voltage gain measured with and without load? Explain the
reason.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Experiment No. 02
Experiment Name: Study of Inverting amplifier using Op-Amp & determination
of maximum output voltage swing.
Objectives: The objective of this experiment is-
1. To observe the gain of the Non-inverting amplifier.
2. To observe the phase difference between input and output voltage.
3. To observe maximum output voltage swing.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 2: Circuit diagram of a non-inverting amplifier
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 3.3K, 10K- 01 each
6. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in fig 2. Also connect the power supply, signal generator
and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Supply approximately 1 Volt sine wave from the signal generator to the input..
4. Adjust the CRO to measure the input and output voltage.
5. Observe input-output voltage wave-shapes by gradually increase the input voltage.
6. Using CH1 of the CRO, observe the input voltage wave shape from signal generator.
Also observe the output voltage using CH2, keeping CH1 connected. Keep both the
voltage wave shape on the same vertical axis. From the wave shape, measure the peak
value of the input as well as of the output voltage of the rectifier. Note the reading in the
data sheet.
7. Take a graph paper and plot the observed wave-shapes as per scale on the same vertical
axis.
Experimental Data
Sl No. Clipping Vi(p-p) V0(p-p) V0 Rf
AV = AV =
Vi Ri
1 Before Clipping
2 Just before clipped
3 Too much clipped
Input-Output Voltage Wave Form:
Result:
Maximum output voltage Swing?
Discussion:
Do you observe any difference between the voltage gain obtained from experiment and theory?
Justify.
Do you observe any difference in the voltage wave-shape of the input and output signal? Explain
the reason.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Experiment No. 03
Experiment Name: Study of Non-Inverting amplifier using Op-Amp &
determination of maximum output voltage swing.
Objectives: The objective of this experiment is-
1. To observe the gain of the Non-inverting amplifier.
2. To observe the phase difference between input and output voltage.
3. To observe maximum output voltage swing.
Circuit Diagram:
Fig 3: Circuit diagram of a inverting amplifier
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 3.3K, 10K- 01 each
6. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in fig.(). Also connect the power supply, signal generator
and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Supply approximately 1 Volt sine wave from the signal generator to the input..
4. Adjust the CRO to measure the input and output voltage.
5. Observe input-output voltage wave-shapes by gradually increase the input voltage.
6. Using CH1 of the CRO, observe the input voltage wave shape from signal generator.
Also observe the output voltage using CH2, keeping CH1 connected. Keep both the
voltage wave shape on the same vertical axis. From the wave shape, measure the peak
value of the input as well as of the output voltage of the rectifier. Note the reading in the
data sheet.
7. Take a graph paper and plot the observed wave-shapes as per scale on the same vertical
axis.
Experimental Data
Sl No. Clipping Vi(p-p) V0(p-p) V0 Rf
AV = AV =
Vi Ri
1 Before Clipping
2 Just before clipped
3 Too much clipped
Input-Output Voltage Wave Form:
Result:
Maximum output voltage Swing?
Discussion:
Do you observe any difference between the voltage gain obtained from experiment and theory?
Justify.
Do you observe any difference in the voltage wave-shape of the input and output signal? Explain
the reason.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Experiment No. 04
Experiment Name: Determination of Slew rate of an Op-Amp.
Objectives: The objective of this experiment is-
1. To determine slew rate of a Op-Amp.
2. To observe input output voltage wave shape
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 4: Circuit diagram for determining slew rate
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 10K- 02 each
6. Signal generator, Squire wave- 01 No.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in fig 2. Also connect the power supply, signal generator
and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Supply approximately 1 Volt squire wave from the signal generator to the input..
4. Adjust the CRO to measure the input and output voltage.
5. Using CH1 of the CRO, observe the input voltage wave shape from signal generator.
Also observe the output voltage using CH2, keeping CH1 connected. Keep both the
voltage wave shape on the same vertical axis. From the wave shape, measure the peak
value of the input as well as of the output voltage of the rectifier. Note the reading in the
data sheet.
6. Take a graph paper and plot the observed wave-shapes as per scale on the same vertical
axis.
Experimental Data
Sl No. Type of input Vi(p-p) V0(p-p)
1 Sinusoidal
2 Squire
Expected Input-Output Voltage Wave Form:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Result:
dV
Slew Rate =
dt
Discussion:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Experiment No. 05
Experiment Name: Study of Adder & Subtractor circuit Using Op-Amp.
Objectives: The objective of this experiment is- to study the application of Op-Amp as adder
and subtarctor.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 5.1: Adder Circuit Figure 5.2: Subtractor Circuit
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 10K- 04 No
6. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
7. Multi-meter- 01 No.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the Adder circuit as shown in figure 5.1. Also connect the power as shown.
3. Supply approximately two different input signal from electronic trainer board
4. Determine both the input and output voltages using multi-meter.
5. Calculate the theoretical output voltage and determine the percentage of error.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 in case of subtractor circuit as shown in figure 5.2
Experimental Data (Adder Circuit):
Sl No. Vi1 Vi2 V0 V0(cal)=( Vi1 + Vi2) % of error
1
2
3
Experimental Data (Subtractor Circuit):
Sl No. Vi1 Vi2 V0 V0(cal)=( Vi1 - Vi2) % of error
1
2
3
Discussion:
Do you observe any difference between theoretical and measured output voltage? Explain why?
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Experiment No. 06
Experiment Name: Study the Integrator circuit using Op-Amp and trace the
output waveform for sine & squire wave input.
Objectives: The main objective of this experiment is to be familiarizing with operational
amplifier as integrator circuit.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 6: Circuit diagram of integrator circuit
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 22K- 01 No, 10K- 03 No
6. Capacitor 0.1 pF
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
7. Signal generator, (Sine & Squire wave)- 01 No.
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.(6). Also connect the power supply, signal
generator and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Supply approximately 1 Volt sine wave from the signal generator to the input..
4. Adjust the CRO to measure the input and output voltage. Using CH1 of the CRO,
observe the input voltage wave shape from signal generator. Also observe the output
voltage using CH2, keeping CH1 connected. Keep both the voltage wave shape on the
same vertical axis. From the wave shape, measure the peak value of the input as well as
of the output voltage of the rectifier. Note the reading in the data sheet.
5. Take a graph paper and plot the observed wave-shapes as per scale.
6. Repeat step (1-5) in case of squire wave from the signal generator as input.
Experimental data:
Sl No. Type of input Vi(p-p) V0(p-p)
1 Sinusoidal
2 Squire
Expected Waveshape:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Discussion:
Do you observe any difference between theoretical and measured input and output voltage?
Explain why?
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Experiment No. 07
Experiment Name: Study the Differentiator circuit using Op-Amp and trace the
output waveform for sine & squire wave input.
Objectives: The main objective of this experiment is to be familiarizing with operational
amplifier as Differentiator circuit.
Circuit Diagram:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Figure 7: Circuit diagram of differentiator circuit
Equipments:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 22K- 01 No., 10K- 03 No.
6. Capacitor 1nF, 0.01μF- 01 each.
7. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.(7). Also connect the power supply, signal
generator and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Supply approximately 1 Volt sine wave from the signal generator to the input..
4. Adjust the CRO to measure the input and output voltage. Using CH1 of the CRO,
observe the input voltage wave shape from signal generator. Also observe the output
voltage using CH2, keeping CH1 connected. Keep both the voltage wave shape on the
same vertical axis. From the wave shape, measure the peak value of the input as well as
of the output voltage of the rectifier. Note the reading in the data sheet.
5. Take a graph paper and plot the observed wave-shapes as per scale.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
6. Repeat step (1-5) in case of squire wave from the signal generator as input.
Expected Waveshape:
Experimental
data:
Sl No. Type of input Vi(p-p) V0(p-p)
1 Sinusoidal
2 Squire
Discussion:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Do you observe any difference between theoretical and measured input and output voltage?
Explain why?
Experiment No. 08
Experiment Name: Study of Low-pass filter circuits (2nd order) using Op-Amp.
Objectives: The main objective of this experiment is to plot the frequency response curve of
Low-pass filter circuit(2nd order)
Circuit Diagram:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Figure 8: 2nd order low pass filter
Equipments:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 2.2K, 10K- 01 each
6. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (8). Also connect the power supply, signal
generator and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Supply approximately 1 Volt sine wave from the signal generator to the input..
4. Adjust the CRO to measure the input and output voltage.
5. Observe input-output voltage wave-shapes by gradually increase the input voltage
frequency.
6. Take a semi-log graph paper and plot a curve Gain(dB) versus frequency as per scale.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Data table:
Frequency Vi Vo Av=Vo/Vi Av(mid) dB=20log(Av/Av(mid))
Discussion:
Experiment No. 09
Experiment Name: Study of High-pass filter circuits (2nd order) using Op-Amp.
Objectives: The main objective of this experiment is to plot the frequency response curve of
High-pass filter circuit (2nd order)
Circuit Diagram:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Figure 9: 2nd order high pass filter
Equipments:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 33K- 02 No. 27K, 10K- 01each, 20K pot.
6. Capacitor 0.0047μF- 02 No.
7. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (9). Also connect the power supply, signal
generator and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Supply approximately 100 mVolt sine wave from the signal generator to the input..
4. Adjust the CRO to measure the input and output voltage.
5. Vary the frequency of the signal and determine the gain at different frequencies.
6. Take a semi-log graph paper and plot gain in dB versus frequency curve.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Data table:
Frequency Vi Vo Av=Vo/Vi Av(mid) dB=20log(Av/Av(mid))
Experiment No. 10
Experiment Name: Study of phase shift oscillator circuit using Op-Amp.
Objectives: The main objective of this experiment is to observe the oscillating action of a
phase shift oscillator and to determine the oscillation frequency.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 10: phase shift oscillator circuit
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistors 2.2K, 10K- 01 each, 1K, 100K(POT)-01 N0.
6. Capacitors 01μF- 03 No.
7. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (10). Also connect the power supply, signal
generator and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Switch ON the power supply.
4. Connect the output of the circuit to CRO through probes.
5. Adjust the potentiometer to get the accurate sinusoidal waveform on CRO.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
6. Calculate the practical frequency of oscillation fo = 1/T by observing the time period of
the output sinusoidal waveform on the CRO and compare it with theoretical frequency of
oscillation fo = 1/2πRC√6.
7. Sketch the output waveform by noting the time period and peak to peak voltage of the
output waveform.
Expected Output Wave Form:
Data Table:
Theoretical frequency,
fo = 1/2πRC√6.
Practical frequency,
fo = 1/T
Result & Discussion:
Experiment No. 11
Experiment Name: Study of Wien Bridge oscillator circuit using Op-Amp.
Objectives: The main objective of this experiment is to design a Wien Bridge Oscillator and
compare its theoretical and practical frequency of oscillation.
Circuit Diagram:
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
Figure 11: Wien Bridge oscillator circuit
Equipment’s:
1. DC power supply unit, ±15V, 01 No.
2. Electronic Trainer Board or project Board- 01 No.
3. Dual trace Oscilloscope, 01 No.
4. Op-Amp, 741- 01 No.
5. Resistor 2.2K, 10K- 01 each
6. Signal generator, Sine wave- 01 No.
Procedure:
1. Identify the different pins of the Op-Amp. Draw a sketch to show the pins.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in figure (10). Also connect the power supply, signal
generator and oscilloscope as shown.
3. Switch ON the power supply.
4. Connect the output of the circuit to CRO through probes.
5. Adjust the potentiometer to get the accurate sinusoidal waveform on CRO.
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Electronics II Sessional EEE 2104
6. Calculate the practical frequency of oscillation fo = 1/T by observing the time period of
the output sinusoidal waveform on the CRO and compare it with theoretical frequency of
oscillation fo = 1/2πRC
7. Sketch the output waveform by noting the time period and peak to peak voltage of the
output waveform.
Expected Output Wave Form:
Data Table:
Theoretical frequency,
fo = 1/2πRC√6.
Practical frequency,
fo = 1/T
Result & Discussion:
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