Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-ym (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing AASHTO Designation: T 11-05 ASTM Designation: C 117-03 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C, 20001Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than 75-ypm (No. 200) Sieve Mineral Aggregates by Washing AASHTO Designation: T 11-05" (an ASTM Designation: C 117-03 yp @) 1 SCOPE 14, This test method covers determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-yun (No, 200) siove in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggrogate particles that are dispersod by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test 12. Two provedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-um (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used 13. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard 14, This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety problems associated with its use. Its the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24 AASHTO Standards: M092, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes M231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials m 12, Sampling of Aggregates m1 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates m1 248, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size 22. ASTM Standards: C117, Test Method for Materials Finer Than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing C670, Practice for Preparing Precision Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials TSic Tit ‘AASHTO © 2006 by the American Asosaton of Sia Highvay and Teassprtaton Official Allright reserved. Depiation ra nation of appoable lsa4. SUMMARY OF METHOD ‘A sample of the aggregate is washed in a prescribed manner, using either plain water or water containing a wetting agent, as specified. The decanted wash water, containing suspended and dissolved material, is passed through a 75-um (No. 200) sieve, The los in mass resulting fom the ‘wash treatment is calculated as mass percent ofthe original sample and is reported as the percentage of material finer than a 75-um (No, 200) sieve by washing, 44 42 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE ‘Material finer than the 75-m (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more: cfficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 um in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with T 27. The results ofthis, test method are included in the calculation in T 27, and the total amount of material finer than 75 um by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results, of T 27. Usually the additional amount of material finer than 75 jum obtained in the dry-sieving process is a small amount. IF its large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked Tt could, also, be an indication of degradation of the ageregate. Plain water is adequate to separate the material finer than 75 im from the coarser material with ‘most aggregates. In some eases, the finer material is adhering to the larger particles, such as some clay coatings and coatings on agaregates that have been extracted from bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the fine material will be separated more readily with a wetting agent inthe water. 5A. 52. 53. 54. 55. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS Balance —The balance shall have sufficient capacity, be readable to 0.1 percent of the sample ‘mass, or better, and conform to the requirements of M 231 Sieves—A nest of two sieves, the lower being a 75-yim (No, 200) sieve and the upper being a sieve ‘with openings in the range of 2.36-mm (No. 8) fo 1.18-mnm (No. 16), both conforming to the: requirement of M 92. Container—A pan or vessel of a size sufficient to contain the sample covered with water and (© ‘permit vigorous agitation without loss of any part of the sample or water ‘Oven—An oven of sufficient size, capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 110 5°C (23049), Wetting Agent—Any dispersing agent, sich as liquid dishwashing detergents, that will promote separation of the fine materials. Note 1—The use of a mechanical apparatus to perform the washing operation is not precluded, provided the results are consistent with those oblained using manual operations. The use of some ‘mechanical washing equipment with some samples may cause degradation of the sample. ‘SAMPLING Sample the aggregate in aecordance with T 2. If the same test sample is to be tested for sieve analysis according to T 27, comply with the applicable requirements of that method. TH2 ‘AASHTO 12006 by the American Association of State Highway snd Transportation Official Allights reserved. Dupisation ia violation of apsable Iw62 ‘Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate to be tested and reduee the quantity to an amount suitable for testing using the applicable methods described in T 248. Ifthe same test sample isto be tested ‘according to T 27, the minimum mass shall be as described in the applicable sections of that ‘method. Otherwise, the mass of the test sample, after drying, shall conform with the following: Nominal Maximum Size Minimum Mass, ¢ 75 mm (oA orsmallr 300 95 mm (isin) 00 0am Cin) 2500 5000 ‘The test sample shall be the end result ofthe reduetion, Reduction to an exaet predetermined mass shall not be permitted. If the nominal maximum size of the aggregate to be tested is not listed above, the next larger size listed shall be used to determine sample size. 7A, SELECTION OF PROCEDURE Procedure A shall be used, unless otherwise specified by the specification with which the test results are to be compared, or when directed by the ageney for which the work is performed, 84. 82. 83. 84. PROCEDURE A—WASHING WITH PLAIN WATER Dry the test sample to constant mass at a temperature of 110 + 5°C (230+ 9°F), Determine the ‘mass to the nearest 0.1 percent of the mass ofthe test simple, If the applicable specification requires thatthe amount passing the 75-yum (No. 200) sieve shall be determined on a portion ofthe sample passing a sieve smaller than the nominal maximum size of the aggregate, separate the sample on the designated sieve and determine the mass ofthe material passing the designated sieve to 0.1 percent of the mass of this portion of the test sample. Use this ‘mass asthe original dry mass ofthe test sample in Section 10. 1 Note 2—Some specifications for aggregates with a nominal maximum size of 50 mm or greater, for example, provide a limit for material passing the 75-ym (No, 200) sieve determined on that portion of the sample passing the 25.0-mm sieve. Such procedures are necessary since it is impractical to wash samples of the size required when the same test sample is to be used for sieve analysis by T 27 ‘After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container and add sufficient ‘water to cover it, No detergent, dispersing agen, or other substance shal be added to the water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to resull in complete separation ofall particles finer than. the 75-pum (No, 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. The use of a large spoon or other similar tool to strand agitate the aggregate in the ‘wash water has been found satisfactory. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. ‘Take care to avoid, as much as Feasible, the decantation of eoarser particles ofthe sample ‘Add a second charge of water to th this operation until the wash water e sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before. Repeat s clear Note 3—1f mechanical washing equipment is used, the charging of water, agitating, and decanting may be a continuous operation, Note 4—A spray nozzle ora pieve of rubber tubing atached (0 @ Wat rinse any of the material that may have fallen onto the sieves. The vel Faucet may be used t ty of the Water, Whi TH3 ‘AASHTO 12006 by the American Association of State Highway snd Transporation Official Allights reserved. Dupisation ia violation of apsable Iw85. ‘may be inereased by pinching the tubing, should not be sufficient to cause any splashing of the sample over the sides of the sieve. Retur all material retained on the nested sieves by flushing to the washed sample, Dry the washed ‘agaregate to constant mass a a temperature of 110 + 5°C (230 + 9°F) and determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 percent ofthe original mass of the sample. Note 5—Following the washing ofthe sample and flushing any materials retained on the 75-pm (No. 200) siove back into the container, no Water should be decanted from the container except through the 75-1um sieve, to avoid loss of material, Excess water from flushing should be evaporated from the sample in the drying process 94. 92 93. 94, PROCEDURE B—WASHING USING A WETTING AGENT Prepare the sample in the same manner as for Procedure A. ‘After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the container. Ada sufficient water to cover the sample, and ad wetting agent to the water (Note 6), Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result in complete separation ofall particles finer than the 75-um (No. 200), sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine material into suspension. The use ofa large spoon or other similar tool to stir and agitate the aggregate in the wash water has been found satisfactory. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged with the coarser sieve on top. Take care to avoid. as much as feasible the decantation of coarser particles of the sample. Note 6—There should be enough wetting agent to produce a small amount of suds when the sample is agitated, The quantity will depend on the hardness ofthe water and the quality ofthe detergent, Excessive suds may overflow the sieves and carry some material with them, ‘Add a second charge of water (without wetting agent) to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear. ‘Complete the test as for Procedure A. 10. 10.1 CALCULATION CCaleatate the amount of material passing a 75-ym (No, 200) sieve by washing a Follows: A-[(B-C)/8] « 100 w where: AA = perventage of material finer than @75-um (No. 200) sieve by washing: = original dry mass of sample, g: and C= dry mass of sample afer washing, ¢ 11. 112. REPORT Report the percentage of material finer than the 75-jm (No, 200) sieve by washing to the nearest 0.1 percent, except if the result is 10 percent or more, report the percentage to the nearest ‘whole number. Include a statement as to which procedure was used, TH4 ‘AASHTO 12006 bythe American Association of State Highway snd Transporation Official Allights reserved. Dupisation ia violation of apsable Iw12. 12.4 PRECISION AND BIAS Precision—The estimates of precision ofthis test method listed in Table | are based on results fom the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory Proficieney Sample Program, with testing conducted by this test method and ASTM C 117, The significant dfferenees between the methods atthe time the data were acquired is that T LI required, and ASTM C 117 prohibited, the use of ‘wetting agent, The data are bused on the analyses of more than 100 paired test results from 40 to 100 laboratories Come argu? Sinpl-operator pression 010 0.28 Mulilaboratry pecision on 062 Fine agoregate: Single-operator pcision oas 08 Mutilaboratry precision on ox Tacs mers eesn (15d DSS) as Sobel m ASTECOT "ein eats are bed erent hig onal maxi iz f 10mm (in) with eth |S et fine thn he Sum (No 20 see. “recon eimates are one seeps ving 111030 pect ner tan he 5m N03) 1244 Table 2—Prevision Data for 300-g and 500-g Test Samples ‘The precision values for fine aggregate in Table I are based on nominal 500-g test samples. Revision ofthis test method in 1996 permits the fine ageregate test sample size to 300-2 ‘minimum, Analysis of results of testing of 300-g and 500-g test samples from Aggregate Proficiency Test Samples 99 and 100 (Samples 99 and 100 were essentially identical) produced the precision values in Table 2, which indicates only minor differences due to test sample size Fine Ageronte Tatweon Pofiiney Sample Laboratory Laboratory ‘Sample Nev Test Rest Se Labs Ave Sass SASHTOTIVASTC 17 (Tal steal pie Be Soog a 1889 098 006 No 20 seve by wating pre) sg 24 oto ooh as 122. Note 7—The values for fine aggregate in Table | will be revised to reflect the 300-g test sample size when a sullicient number of Aggregate Proficiency Tests have been condueted using that sample size to provide reliable data Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test method, no statement on bias is made. " Byoept for Sections 5.1 and 6.2, this test method is identical with ASTM C 117-08. THS ‘AASHTO 12006 bythe American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official Allights reserved. Dupisation ia violation of apsable Iw