GUEVARRA CLHOE SHANE G.
BATTAD, ROMAICA GLEEANN B
LUGOD, EURICKA GOLDINA P..
PATIOCAN, ROMEBEL.
ACDAL, JOCELLE
CARREON, ANGEL LEA
BERNARDO, MARK KELVIN
SALVADOR, MARK RYAN
DE GUZMAN, JOHN CAVIN
GROUP 4
THE PRESENTERS
BLESSED
MORNING!
CLASSROOM RULES:
• BE OPEN MINDED
• UNDERSTAND SENSITIVE WORDS
THAT THE REPORTER WILL BE
USING
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF
REPRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Reproduction- process of producing offspring.
Genitals- external sex organ.
Primary Sex Characteristics- sex characteristics that are
present at birth.
Secondary Sex Characteristics- sex characteristics that
emerge during puberty.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
REPRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
• physical and emotional change from childhood
to adulthood have progress at different ages
and speed in different people
Stages:
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Old age
• Female- Ovaries (ova or egg cell)
• Male- Testes (sperm or sperm cell)
Ova and sperm are the basic unit of
reproduction; their union can lead to the
creation of new life.
• Every stages of Human development creates
a great impact on the dynamic change in
physical and behavioral traits
• Despite of differences in physical
appearance, the sexual organs of men and
women arise from the same structures and
fulfill similar functions, as each person has a
pair of gonads or known as the germ cell or
sex hormones:
The Biological
Female
A. The Female external
genitalia consists of the
following:
The Biological Female Anatomy - the
study of body structure in relation to body
parts. Female Sexual Anatomy- designed for
production and fertilization of ovum , as
well as carrying and delivering infant
offspring. Puberty signals the final
development of primary and accessory
organs that supports reproduction.
The Biological
Female
• VULVA- all the external genital structures taken
together.
• MONS VENERIS- pads of fatty tissue between pubic
bone and skin.
• LABIA MAJORA- outer lips surrounding all the
other structures.
• PREPUCE- clitoral hood (foreskin above and
covering clitoris.
• CLITORIS- glans(head), shaft, and cruca(root), the
clitoris is particularly sensitive to stimulation.
Language
Gender
• LABIA MINORA- inner lips surrounding the
vestibule where sweat and oil glands, extensive
blood vessel, and nerve endings are located.
• VESTIBULE- area surrounding the urethral opening
and vagina, which is highly sensitive with extensive
blood vessels and nerve endings.
• URETHRAL OPENING- end of tube connecting to
bladder and used for urination.
• VAGINAL OPENING- also called introitus; and
• PERINEUM- area of skin separating the genetalia
from the anus; distance is less in females than males.
The Biological
Female
B. The female internal
reproductive structures
consists of the following;
The Biological
Female
OVARY- is an organ in the
female reproductive system that
produces an [Link] released,
this travels down the fallopian
tube into the uterus,where it may
become fertilised by sperm.
The Biological
Female
UTERUS- is a female reproductive organ that is
responsible for many functions in the processes of
implantation, gestation, menstruation and labor.
Anatomic overview. The uterus is a thick-walled
muscular structure that lies in the midline of the
abdominal pelvic cavity.
FALLOPIAN TUBE- is one of two
long,slender tubes that channels for oocyte
transport and [Link] this role,the
fallopian tubes are a common etiology of
infertility as well as the target of purposeful
surgical sterilisation.
The Biological
Female
CERVIX- is the lower, narrow
part of the uterus in the female
reproductive [Link] uterus
holds a growing fetus during the
pregnancy and the cervix
connects the lower part of uterus
to the vagina and, with the vagina,
forms the birth canal.
Language
Gender
VAGINA- It's where the Penistone is inserted during
sexual [Link]'s the pathway (the birth canal)
through which a baby leaves a woman's body during
childbirth . It's the route through which menstrual
blood leaves the body during periods.
BROAD LIGAMENTS- It hold the
uterus in its normal position within
the pelvis and maintains the
relationship of the fallopian tubes to
the ovaries and the uterus
Language
Gender
• ENDOMETRIUM- It is the preparation
for implantation, maintenance of
pregnancy if implantation occurs, and
menstruation in the absence of
pregnancy.
• MYOMETRIUM- This is the thick
middle muscle layer of the corpus or
fundus. It also expands during the
pregnancy to hold the growing baby.
Language
Gender
• INTERNAL OS- Its function is to allow
the passage of blood during
menstruation period, as well as semen
during copulation.
• EXTERNAL OS- It transports sperm
into the uterine cavity, allows the
escape of blood from the uterus during
menstruation.
The Biological
Female
PUBERTY
PUBERTY
The menstrual cycle marks the beginning of
puberty in females. The first episode occurs
between 11-15 years of age of a female.
Menstruation pertains to the sloughing off of the
uterine lining if conception has noy occurred. It
may last within 4-6 days which follows a cycle
ranging from 24-42 days. Regardless of the
length of the cycle. The overall cycle is
governed by the hypothalamus as it monitors
hormone levels in the bloodstream.
MENSTRUAL PHASE
This occurs if the ovum is not fertilised and
does not implant itself into the uterine
[Link] continued high levels of estrogen
and progesterone causes the pituitary to stop
releasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH). Estrogen and
progesterone levels decrease causing the
endometrium to be sloughed off, and bleeding
ensures. It is during this time that ovarian
hormones are their lowest levels.
THE FOLLICULAR OR PROLIFERATIVE
PHASE
The first phase of the menstrual cycle is the
follicular or proliferative phase. It occurs
from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle,
based on the average duration of 28 days.
The variability in the length of the menstrual
cycle occurs due to variations in the length
of the follicular phase.
It occurs when the hypothalamus
stimulates the pituitary gland to
release FSH that stimulates the
ovaries to produce estrogen and
cause ova to mature in the ovarian
follicles. Endometrium is repaired,
thickens and becomes well
vascularized in response to
increasing level of estrogen.
SECRETORY PHASE (Luteal Phase)
It occurs when the pituitary gland releases
LH that causes the ovary to release a mature
ovum and causes the remaining portion of
the follicle to develop into the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum then, produces
progesterone. Endometrial glands begin to
secrete nutrients, and lining becomes more
vascular in response to increasing level of
progesterone.
Problems associated with menstruation
include premenstrual syndrome (PMS):
DYSMENORRHEA- (80-95% of women experience)
painful menstruation caused by overproduction of
prostaglandins, causing the uterine muscles to
contract.
AMENORRHEA- disruption or absence of menstruation.
MENOPAUSE (usually around age 45-50)- a woman
stops menstruating as ova are no longer brought to
maturity.
The Biological
Female
Female secondary sexual
characteristics emerge
after puberty:
WIDENING OF HIPS AND PELVIS
Waltenberger et al. find that
some of the pelvic widening is
attributed to hormone-related
changes, especially during
childbearing years in women.
ENLARGEMENT OF BREASTS
When the ovaries start to produce
and release (secrete) estrogen, fat
in the connective tissue starts to
collect. This causes the breasts to
enlarge. The duct system also starts
to grow.
The Biological
Female
BIOLOGICAL
MALE GENITALS
MALE SEXUAL ANATOMY
• The male sexual anatomy is built to
produce and deliver sperm for the
female ovum's fertilization.
• The completion of the development
of the primary and auxiliary
reproductive organs is marked by
puberty.
The Biological
Female
A. MALE EXTERNAL
GENITALIAS
• PENIS - the root, the shaft, and the glans.
The glans responds to stimulation especially
sensitively.
• The urethra runs the entire length of the penis
and is encircled by the cavernous bodies, two
cylindrical chambers, and the spongy body.
• They engorge with blood during arousal,
causing an erection.
• PREPUCE – Male circumcision involves
removing the foreskin that covers the
penis.
• CORONA – glans rim, where it arises from
the shaft
• FRENULUM – Skinny band separating the
glans and shaft on the penis's underside.
• SCROTUM – the sac that encloses the
testes' two sections
• URETHRAL OPENING– The end of the
tube leading to the bladder and used for
urination is located on the head of the penis.
Moreover, it is a tube through which male
ejaculates transfer semen to interior tissues.
• PERINEUM – Males have a larger region of
skin between the genitalia and the anus
than females do.
The Biological
Female
B. MALE INTERNAL
REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN
• TESTES– produces androgens, particularly
large quantities of testosterone. Sperm cells
and androgen are essential for male
development and sexual motivation.
• VAS DEFERENS– transports sperm from the
testicles to the urethra.
• SEMINAL VESICLES– two glands that
produce alkaline fluid rich in fructose sugar,
comprising some 70% of semen volume.
• EJACULATORY DUCTS– connects vas
deferens to urethra
• PROSTATE– gland producing alkaline
secretions that account for about 30% of
semen volume.
• URETHRA– tube inside the penis that
transports sperm and semen all the way to the
penis's entrance.
The Biological
Female
M A L E
HORMONES
• TESTOSTERONE– Major male
hormones are produced by the testes,
but there are other glands called adrenal
glands that produce some testosterone.
It's responsible for the growth and
development of a boy during
adolescence and for the development of
sperm and second sexual
characteristics.
The Biological
Female
S E C O N D A R Y
S E X U A L
CHARACTERISTICS
• No Month Cycle
• Elongation Of Vocal
Cords
• Broader Shoulders; and
• Deeper Chest Cavity
Thank you
for listening!
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