LESSON 1: RHYTHM steady sound which serves as the

constant measure upon which all

Definitions:
rhythmic structure or relationship
For better understanding of the discussion, depends. The underlying beat
the following terms are defined. determines the time signature of a
piece of a music or movements.
1. Rhythm- is a measured motion or flow 2. Measure- this refer to the identical
characterized basically by recurrence grouping of underlying beats.
of elements or features as beats, 3. Rhythmic pattern- this refers to a
sounds or accents. definite grouping of sounds or beats
2. Rhythms- denote an aspect of the related to the underlying beats. It is
quality of movement which is
also called the melody pattern
sometime taught as dance. because the rhythmic pattern follows
3. Dancing- is a means of expressing the words or melody.
one`s emotions through movement 4. Phrasing- a musical phrase is a group
disciplined by rhythm. It is an act of of measures that gives the feeling of
moving rhythmically and expressively unity. The end of a phrase may
to an accompaniment. The word suggest a change in direction or
dancing originated from the German movement.
word “danson” which means to 5. Accent- this is the force or emphasis
stretch. All dancing is basically made given to any one beat in a series of
up stretching and relaxing movements. pulse beats in a measure.
4. Dance- is a series of movements set 6. Tempo- this is the rate of speed of the
to music where there emerge movement, music or accompaniment.
organization, structure and pattern. 7. Intensity- this is the quality of
5. Rhythmic Activities- is the response movement or music. It refers to
of a person displaying his emotional dynamics or force such as heavy or
and mental reactions to rhythm. light.

In all nature, every individual makes

rhythm like foot tapping, head
LESSON 2: FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS
movement body sway while music is
playing. In other words, the body The 5 fundamental positions of the arms and
moves as a physical response or as an feet are significant in learning dance. This
expression of feelings and the may help the child to have a strong
fundamental principles of time, space foundation in learning more complex
and force are observed. movement.
The five fundamental positions of the
To better facilitate the learning of dances and Arms and Feet
other rhythmic activities, we should first
Position Feet Arms
understand the elements of rhythm, elements
of movement space and the qualities of
movement. (Andin and Minas, 2004)
Heels close Both arms
together, toes raised in a
1st apart with an semi-circle
Elements of Rhythm position angle of about 45 at chest
1. Underlying Beat or Pulse Beat- is degrees. level with
the steady continuous sound that is the finger
heard or felt throughout any rhythmical tips
sequence. The constant steady
pulsation is called pulse beat. It is the
 about an LESSON 3: FOLK DANCE
inch apart.
Introduction
Feet apart Both
sideward of about raised The folkdance is a traditional or native dance
2nd a pace sideward form arranged to express people’s distinct
position distance. with a cultural thoughts, emotions and way of life. It
graceful has been handed down from generation to
curve at generation. It has a distinct character of the
shoulder blending of the Spanish and Oriental
level. movements brought about by the long
Heel of one foot One arm colonialization of the oriental by the Spain.
close to in-step of raised in Folk dances have been popular in the
3rd other foot. front as in
position Philippines and in any oriental countries.
2nd Philippine native folk dances have caught the
position;
attention of the world when these native
other arm
raised dances brought delight and entertainment to
upward. royal courts, theaters, and other elite venues.
These dances have promoted national
One foot in front One arm goodwill through depicting the habits and
of other foot of a raised in customs of people all over the world.
4th pace distance. front as in
position (Gandola, 2012)
1st
position;
other arm
raise Brief Background of Dance
overhead. The written paragraphs were taken from
Heel of front foot Both arms “Rhythm and Dance “Physical Education 2 by
close to big toe of raised Quipse F. [Link] (2019)
5th rear foot. overhead.
position Art and religion were the most serious
concerns of primitive civilizations. Although
during the primitive times, their concerns were
To further understand the description mainly how to find food and how to increase its
above, an illustration of the 5 fundamental supply. Unaware of the artistic aspect, they
position of the arms and feet is presented made use of hunting and fishing as their way
below and a video using this link…. of life. With regards to religion, they believe
that the supernatural beings govern their fate.
So, to express their feelings, they created
rhythmic movements by stamping, shaking
their bodies, chanting and other bodily
expressions with the use of natural
accompaniment. They employed wood,
bamboo, dried leaves and other things to
accompany their rhythmic movements which
develop into dance by generally perpetuating
the movement and passing the tradition to the
next generation. The interweaving factors of
rhythm created the dance and later developed
into high quality movement and became part
of an established art form up to this time.
Quipse, et. al (2019)
When teaching a dance, the following are to 7. Festival Dances – suitable for special
be considered. occasions or any social gatherings.
Examples: Kuratsa, La Jota,
Characteristics of Philippine Folkdance
Pandanggo
(Quipse, et al, 2019)
8. War dances – showing imaginary
1. As a rule, Philippine folkdances
combat or duel. Examples: Sagayan,
begins and end with a saludo.
Palo- Palo
2. In general, dancers are far apart. A
Dance Forms
distance of about 6-8 ft. from each
other is normal. 1. Classical Dance – dances with
standardized rules and restrictions. It
3. There is very little, if any, body
can be religious related dance or for
contact although holding hands is
court or royal entertainment.
common.
2. Classical Ballet – a dance of supreme
4. Most of the dances done in pairs
standards learned from an academe.
and hand movements play a very
This originated from Italy, from the
important role.
word Bal- lo- meaning to dance and
5. Many of our dances are done in flourished in the royal court of France.
long formation.
3. Modern Dance – a deviation from the
6. Our dances are performed by both principles of classical ballet developed
young and old and by both sexes. by Isadora Duncan. This is
characterized by natural and true
This is where you will understand why dances expression of the human body and
varies. Based on their costumes, props or soul.
even music and the like.
4. Contemporary Dance – a
Classifications of the Philippine combination of ballet and modern
Folkdances According to its Nature dance.
1. Occupational Dances – depicting 5. Folk Dance – a cultural art form
action of certain occupation, industry handed down from generation to
or human labor. Example: planting, generation. It communicates the
harvesting, pounding, etc. customs, beliefs, rituals and
2. Religious or Ceremonial Dances – is occupation of a region or country. Folk
performed in connection with religious dancing belongs to and emanates from
vows and ceremonies. Examples: the people.
Putong, Sta. Clara Pinong- Pino 6. Ethnic and Tribal Dance – a dance
3. Comic Dances – depicting funny particularly found in a group of people
movements for entertainment. living together in a locality with
Example Kinoton common beliefs and customs.

4. Game Dances – is done with play 7. Recreational Dance – includes dance

elements ( dance mixers) Example: mixers, square dancing and round
Pabo, Lubi-Lubi couple dances.

5. Courtship Dances – depicting love 8. Social and Ballroom Dances – a

making. Example: Hele- Hele, Bago dance set in a social gathering with
more formal atmosphere than the
6. Wedding Dances – performed during simple informal parties in which the
wedding feasts. Examples: Pandang- recreational dances are the usual
Pandang, Pantomina forms. This is usually held in the
 evenings and participants are usually 4. hop Step, hop 1,2 1
in formal attire for purposes of step
recreation and entertainment.
5. rocking Fall & 1,2 1
9. Creative Dance – the highest form of step raise, fall
dance for the purpose of &
entertainment. It is the end product of raise(fwd.
movement exploration and &backwar
improvisation as the dancer or d)
choreographer expresses his/ her
feelings, ideas, and interpretation. The
principles of an art form are all LESSON 5: DUPLE DANCE STEP
observed in the composition of this
dance. The remaining duple dance steps will be
presented below.
10. Popular Dance – highly recognized as
a dance form in television and other Dance steps Step Counti No. of
dance centers like disco houses and patte ng Measur
social gatherings. rn e/s
1. Change Step, 1 & 2 1
step close
LESSON 4: DUPLE DANCE , step
Our lesson is focused in duple folkdance steps 2. Cross Cros 1 & 2 1
which are the following: touch step, bleking change s-
step, close step, hop step and rocking step. step step,
These dance steps are counted as 1, 2 to a close
measure. You are going to learn these steps , step
through a video presentation. While watching
the video, be familiar of the following: 3. contrag Leap, 1 & 2 1
anza cros
a. Counting with the use of music; s-
b. Stepping/ dancing on time to the step,
music; step

c. Step pattern while the movement is

done LESSON 6: CREATIVE RHYTHM PATTERN
Basic Dance Steps in Duple Meter (2/4) Guidelines on how to create a
Dance steps Step Coun No. of dance/rhythmic pattern:
pattern ting measu 1. Combine two or more dance steps
re by figure. Include the use of
1. touch Point, 1,2 1 different formations and hand
step close gestures;

2. bleking Heel 1,2 1 2. Each figure will have a uniform

step place, number of measures. Standard is
close 16 measures but you could have
more, 24 or 32;
3. close Step, 1,2 1
step close 3. Base your creation from the lyrics
of the music or to the whole
concept of the music. (Remember,
when you change dance steps it
 should be done best when there is I
also a change in the melody of the Arigay 1
music.);
Music A.
4. Use varied formations, directions,
Partners face audience.
hand gestures, and body position.
(e.g. boys kneeling and clapping • (a) Raise R foot and bend knee in
while the girls are in standing front, hands on waist , move the
position doing a particular dance elbows forward
step. But since you don’t have a
partner just make an imaginary (ct. 1), step R foot forward and move
partner as you do this); elbows backward (ct. 2)….… 1M

5. It is best to change a formation (b) Repeat (a) three more times

before the start of another figure or (L,R,L)…….. 3M
after a particular combination has (c) Starting with the R foot, take four
been completely demonstrated. change steps (R,L,R,L) forward while
moving elbows backward on count 1,
forward on count and, backward on count
LESSON 7: ARIGAY 2 of every measure………………4M
Basic Dance steps: Change step (d) Repeat (a-c) moving backward to
Dance Literature: Arigay proper places on (c)………………… 8M
Meaning: Courting
Dance Culture: Lowland Christian
Ethno linguistic Group: Negrense
II
Classification: Courtship, Comic, Mimetic
(fowl) Arigay 2
Background/ Context:
The dance Arigay fondly interpreted by the Music B.
local folks of Bacolod, Negros Occidental is a
Partners face audience.
courtship dance imitating the movements of
the chicken. A very lively and exciting dance (a) Step R foot sideward right, twist body
that displays the typical character of a Filipino to the left, bend trunk slightly backward
action and freedom of expression when
courting. (cts 1, and, 2). Close L foot to R, face front
( cts. 1,and 2). Arms as in figure I
Dance Properties:
Costume: (a)………………….. 2M
Female: Girl wears Balintawak style costume (b) Repeat (a) moving sideward
with tapis and soft panuelo
over the L shoulder. right……….2M
Male: Boy wears Barong Tagalog or camisa
(c) Repeat (a) and (b) moving sideward left
de Chino with pants of any color
Footwear: Barefoot STARTING left foot ………….. 4M
Music: 2/4 Composed of two parts: A and B. (d) Repeat (a) four times moving sideward
Count: One, two, or one and two to a right and left alternately………… 8M
measure.
Formation: Partners stand opposite each
other about six feet apart when facing
audience, Girl stands at the right side of
partner. One to any number of pairs may
take part in this dance.
III second position bent slightly forward with
hands in front flapping up and down on
Pangahig
every count…………………… 1M
Transition (2M) and Music A (8M).
(b) Repeat (a) seven times L and R
Partners face each other.
alternately moving around the Girl
(a) Scratch R foot backward (cts. 1,2). Clockwise.
Bend body slightly forward and place
Finish in proper
hands
places………………………….. 7M
on waist………1M
(c) Repeat (a) and (b) starting with L foot,
(b) Repeat (a) with L foot (cts. 1,2)
reverse turn to left moving around the Girl
…. 1M
Counterclockwise………………………… 8M
(c) Execute two change steps R and L.
Arms as in Figure I (a) …………. 2M
V
(d) Repeat © moving forward to meet
partner at center (R,L) and moving LAGSANAY (A)
backward to proper places
Music B (8M); Transition (3M); Music A
(R,L)…………………………….. 4M
(8m).
(e) Execute two fast change-step turns to
Partners face each other.
right in place. Arms as in ( C)
Girl:
………………… 2M
(a) Girl stands in fourth position, R foot in
front, arms as in Figure IV Boy
IV
(a) with body bent backward (cts. 1, and,
Pabalay 2)……………1M
Music A (8M and B (8M). (b) Repeat (a) bending forward (cts. 1, and,
2)…………………..1M
Partners face each other.
(c) Repeat (a) and (b) six times more
Girl:
moving backward and forward
(a) Kneel on R in upright position. Arms as
alternately (6M).................................... 6M
in Figure I (a). Twist body to the
(d) Jump R foot to sideward right and land
right……………………… 1M
on both feet with bent knees
(b) Repeat (a) seven times, L and R
trunk slightly bending forward, hands on
alternately……………………………………… waist (cts. 1,and 2). Sway hips
…………………………………... 7M
to the right (ct. 1), to the left 9ct. and) and
(c) Repeat (a) and (b) ……………8M to the right (ct. 2)………………………2M
Boy:

Boy: (a) Execute movement of Girl in (a)

forward with arms as in Figure IV Boy
(a) Starting with R foot, execute one
change step making a full turn right, arms (a)………… 1M
in
(b) Repeat (a) bending VII
backward……………………… 1M
Lagsanay
(c) Repeat (a) and (b) three times moving
Music B.
forward and backward
alternately…………………………….. 6M Partners face each other.
(d) Jump R foot to sideward right and land (a) Starting with the R foot, take two
on both feet with bent knees, change steps forward. Boy’s and Girl’s
arms as
trunk slightly bending forward , arms in
2nd position (1m). strike both in Figure IV…………………2M
hips with hands three times (ct. 1 and, • (b) Girl bends body forward and
2)……………………………. 2M turn right about while bending; Boy
with open arms
(e) Repeat
trying to catch the Girl, arms from second
(d)…………………………….. 2M
position to first position with a leap turn
(f) Repeat (d) and € moving left starting
right about…………………………....2M
with L foot……………………. 4M
(c) Repeat (a) and (b) three times more
moving circle formation. On the last
VI
measure, Girl freezes her movement and
Arigay 3 the Boy shall hold the hem of her skirt
Transition (5M) and Music A. while kneeling on the floor with R knee
and L leg extended backward and the s
Partners face each other. Arms
movements from ( c) to (f) as in Figure IV. body bending forward……………….12M
(a) Scratch foot three times (R,L,) as in
Figure III Pangahig (a)…………………….
LESSON 8: TRIPLE DANCE STEP
3M
As you view the presentation, I want
(b) Execute a moderate chang-step turn
you to focus your attention to the following:
right in plce (R,L)………………………… 2M
1. The movement of the whole
(c) Partners face right. Take two change
body while the steps are
steps forward (r,l)……………………….. 2M
executed.
(d) Another change step forward with R to
2. The transfer of weight of the
turn left about (1M). Point forward (1M)1M
body from one foot to the
(e) Repeat ( c) and (d) starting with left other foot.
foot. Turn right about on the 3rd change
3. The part of the foot that
step and point R forward……………… 4M
carries the weight of the body
(f) Repeat (d) and ( e)………………... 8M
After you have watched the video, it would be
better if you are also familiar with the step
pattern, counting and the no. of measures of
every dance steps.
Dance steps Step Counti No. of
Pattern ng Measur
es
1. Waltz Step, 1,2,3 1
close,
step
2. Cross Cross, 1,2,3 1
Waltz step, step

3. Waltz Step(frwr 1,2,3 1

Balan d),
ce Close(rai
se both
heels
down)
4. Mazur Slide, cut, 1,2,3 1
ka hop

5. Redo Slide, cut, 1,2,3 1

ba cut

What is written on the table is very clear and

very easy to follow. Now let`s start performing
with the guide video for three times.