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162 views22 pagesChapter 7
Manual of Navigation
Uploaded by
Vương Nguyên HoàngCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 22
CHAPTER 7
Publications
Publications used by the Navigating Officer are divided into wo categories:
1. Publications supplied by the Hivdrographer (the NP series)
2. Texsbooks, reference books. handbooks and forms obtained from the CB
Officer or the Supply Department (CBs, BRs, and ‘S" series formas).
PUBLICATIONS SUPPLIED BY THE HYDROGRAPHER
Sets of navigational publications
Navigational publications (NPs) are made up into sets, details of which are
given in the Hydrographic Supplies Handbook (NP 133), already mentioned in the
previous chapter. All major war vessels are supplied with a complete set of NPs.
Ocean-going Royal Fleet Auxiliaries and chartered merchant ships are
supplied with an abridged set: mine countermeasures vessels, tugs and other
small crak employed in home waters are supplied with a Home Local Service
set; similar ships employed abroad with a Foreign Local Service set. In
addition, the appropriate Admiralty Sailing Directions (Pilots) and Admiralty List of
Lights ond Fog Signais are issued automatically with each chart folio, as indicated
at the bottom of the folio lis. #
State af correction upon supply
Navigational publications are not corrected on supply, but the lazest
supplements, summaries of Notices, etc. are automatically included with the
set (see Chapter 6, page 127).
Meteorological publications ~
A list of these publications together with the scale of issue is given in the
Oceanographic and Meteorological Supplies Handbook, W1 (NP 432).
The handbook Meteorology far Mariners (NP 407) is issued co all HM Ships and
ocean-going RFAs except some smaller warships. This publication covers:
The meteorological element.
Climarology.
Weather systems.
_Weather forecasting .
Ocean surface currents. i -
Ice and exchange of energy between sea and atmosphere. 132 CHAPTER j= PUBLICATIONS,
The Nucal Oceanographic and Meteorological Service Handbook. WA «NP 3101 is
issued ¢o ail major HM warships. It includes chapters on:
Meteorological and oceanographic equipment and stores including
instructions for the precision aneroid barometer.
Publications and charts.
Reports and reurns.
Aviation publications
Details of air charts, air chart folios. plotting sheets and reference chart folios
and their scale of issue are given in the Catalogue of Admiralty Air Charts (NP 110).
Issue is limited to larger warships, Roval Fleet Auxiliaries and Front Line
Squadrons. The catalogue and a set of Air Notices are supplied to these ships
with the initial chart ousfit, after which Air Notices are supplied automatically
when published.
Navigational publications
Books published by the Hydrographic Department ate listed in the Catalogue of
Admiralty Charts and Other Hydrographic Publications (NP 131) and the Hydrographic
Supplies Handbook (NP 133). They fall into the following subject groups:
Sailing directions.
Lights and fog signals.
Radio signals.
‘Tides and tidal streams.
Astronomical observations.
Catalogues.
Hydrographic practice and symbols.
Nautical almanacs. .
Oceanography
Admiralty marine science publications.
Miscellaneous.
Brief details of the more commonly used publications afe given below.
Details of publications concerning charts are given in Chapter 6,
Admiralty Sailing Directions (NP 1 to 72)
Admiralty Sailing Directions, also called Pilots..were first regularly. published in
1829 alter some agitation by the Fleet for officially published books to
complement ‘Admiralty charts. During the nineteenth century. the volumes
gradually grew in size and in numbers from fairly small .publications of
‘Hydrographical Notices’ of surveyors’ reports on areas surveyed. 1 some 70
volumes by the end of the century. This growth corresponded with the
expansion of the chart series, which by this time covered virtually ail the
navigabie waters of the world except for the polar regions. Present-day «icles
and the area covered by cach volume are shown in NP 13! and NP 133
Each volume of the Saving Directions contains descriptions of the coast and
off-lving features. notes on tidal streams and currents, directions for navigation
in intricate waters. and other reievant information about the channels and
harbours, In addition, each book includes information abour navigational PUBLICATIONS SUPPLIED BY THE HYDROGRAPHER 133
hazards, buovage Systems used in the area covered, pilotage. regulations,
general notes on the countries within the area, port facilities, and 2 general
summary of seasonal current. ice and climatic conditions with direct access to
the sea except Great Lakes of Canada and USA. The indices of the various
volumes provide a fairly comprehensive gazetteer of coastal names.
Uses and users
The Sailing Directions should be read in conjunction with the appropriate
Admiralty charts quoted in the text. They are intended to aid the marinec in
navigation at sea and are for all classes of vessel, from sea-going smail craft up
to the largest super-tankers. The books are also convenient works of reference
for shore-based maritime authorities. in connection with planning and for
general information.
Sources of information
Sailing Disections were originally compiled from first-hand reports and descrip-
tions of che coast, mainly from British ships. In foreign waters where British
ships had not navigated. foreign charts and publications were used. Subse-
quently, the books have been kept up to date on a regular basis from the latest
editions of charts. maps, foreign sailing directions and other publications. and
aiso from reports of surveys, reports from ships, and notices to mariners issued
by other countries and maritime authorities.
Each volume is completely revised at intervals of from 12 to 15 years. In the
intervening period, each is kept up to date by supplements issued at regular
intervais of 14 to 2 years. Each new supplement is cumulative and incorporates
all previous corrections. A number of corrections to Sailing Directions are also
issued in the Weekly Editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. Notices in
force affecting Sailing Directions are listed in the las¢ Weekly Edition of each
= __ month, (See Chapter 6, page 138 for advice on correcting Sailing Directions.)
“~——"When a supplement to a volume has been issued, a copy of the supplement
accompanies that volume on first supply of the cart outfit. Each supplement
should be kept intact, and should. invariably be consulted when using the
volume to which it refé’s.
+ Of the vast amount of information needed to keep charts up to date, only the
+ most important items can be used to correct the charts by Notices to Mariners.
Less important information, though it may not reach the chart until its next
major correction. is nevertheless included in Sailing Directions or their
supplements, if appropriate; ~
Editions of Sailing Directions published alter the end of 1972 use metric instead
of Imperial units when describing depths, heights and distances on land.
Where the large-scale chart quoted in Sailing Directions is still in fathoms and
feet, depths and dimensions printed on the chart are given in Sailing Directions in
brackets so that chart and Sailing Directions can he more easily compared.
Views for Sailing Directions (NP 140) -
- This publication contains guidance and requirements for taking photographs
for Sailing Directions. Ist CHAPTER7~ PUBLICATIONS,
i
The Mariner's Handbook (NP 100)
This -book contains“information of general interést’ co the mariner and is
complementary to the Sailing Directions. The coments include: general remarks
on charts and publications: notes on orthography and terms used: use of charts
and navigational aids. observing and reporting: notes on offshore hazards and
restrictions to navigation; tides, currents, characteristics of che sea, magnetic
anomalies and sea-bed sound waves: basic meteorology and navigation in ice: a
selection of conversion tables
The Handbsok is reviewed and updated regularly by the Hydrographic
Department. It is corrected by supplements and by new editions at intervals of.
about 5 years.
Ocean Passages for the World (NP 136)
This book is intended for planning an ocean passage. It gives recommended
routes and distances between the principal ports of the world, with details of
winds, weather, currents and ice hazards chat may be encountered, It links the
various volumes of the Sailing Directions. Much usefvtinformation-is-included-
which will not be found in the Sailing Directions since the later are concerned
mainly with coastal waters.
The book is corrected periodically by supplements, in the same way. but less
frequently, as the Sailing Directions. It.is accompanied by diagrams showing the
main ocean routes for power vessels and sailing ships, world charts of climate
and ocean currents, and by Diagram D6083 (Load line rules. cones. areas and seasonal
periods) relating to The Merchant Shipping (Load Line) Rule. 1968. Ifrequised
separate copies of these diagrams are obtainable from Admiralty Chart Agents.
Admiralty Distance Tables (NP $50(1), (2), (3) .
The Admiralty Distance Tables give the shortest navigabie distance in interna
tional nautical miles between foca! points and chief ports of the world. This
distance may differ from the distance in sea miles by up to }% at the equator or
at the poles., These routes are not necessarily the quickest and most suitable
route for a particular passage, as other routes may offer more favourable
currents or better conditions of sea. swell or weather. Remarks on the various
routes will be found in Ocean Passages for the World or in the Admiralty Sailing
Directions while Routeing charts show the principal commonly used routes
Most routes are available for ships drawing 10 m: where this depth is not
available, as may be the case where there are off-lving shoals or in the harbour
approach. the deepest recommended channel has been used.
Valume | covers the North and South Atlantic Oceans, the Arctic Ocean,
Baltic Sea. North-west Europe. Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean and
the Gulf of Mexico. Volume 2 covers the Indian Ocean, and part of the
Southern Ocean from South Africa to New Zealand. Red Sea. Persian Gulf and
the Eastern Archipelago. Volume 3 covers the Pacific Ocean.
Full instructions for use are given in the [Introduction to the Distance Tables
Use of the Distance Tables
To find the distance from Devonport to Gibralter PUBLICATIONS SUPPLIED BY THE HYDROGRAPHER 155
Locate the nearest terminal points by referring to the appropriate chartlets
Devonport — Plymouth sound: Part [ North-west Europe
Gibraltar — Europa Point’ Part If Atiantic Ocean
As these two places are in adjacent tables, find a suitable place common to
both cables. in this case Ushant (ile d’Ouessent}
Table Ic, North-west Europe, Channe!
Plymouth Sound = Ushant (10°W} 123
Tabie 2a, Adantic Ocean. NE Atlantic:
Ushant—Europa Point (6'S) 929
Distance from Piymouth Sound to 6 miles south
of Europa Point passing. 10-mileswest of Lishant(n mites) 1052
If places are in non-adjacent areas, Part IV, the Link Tables. may be used
provided the places concerned are marked by an asterisk in the tables
Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals (NP 74 to 84)
‘The Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals is published in eleven volumes giving a
worldwide tabulation of ail lighthouses and lights of navigational significance
Also listed are lightships. tir floating marks 8 metres and over in height, and fog
signals; buc not buoys of a height of less than 8 metres.
‘The areas covered by each volume are:
Volume A (NP 7+) British Isles and north coast of France.
Volume B (NP 75) Southern and eastern sides of North Sea.
Volume C (NP 76) Baltic Sea.
Volume D (NP 77} Eastern side of Atlantic Ocean.
-~-Wolume E-(NP 78) "Mediterranean, Black and Red Seas.
y Volume F (NP 79) Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and North Pacific
Ocean, *
Volume G (NP 80} Western side of South Atlantic Ocean and East
Pacific Ocean.
lume H (NP 81) Northern and eastern coasts of Canada.
Volume J (NP 82) Western side of North Aclantic Ocean.
Volume K (NP 83) Indian and Pacific Oceans. south of the equator.
Volume L (NP 84) Norwegian and Greenland Seas and the Arctic
Ocean.
For each light the following details are given. (For further information. see
Chapter 10.)
Sumber, used for index purposes.
Name and descriptive position. eg. Longships, Highest rock off Lane's
End.) ose
Approximate latitude and longitude. j
Characteristics. Intensity may be shown when nominal range is not used.
Elevation of the light in metres above Mean High Water Springs level 156 CHAPTER 7~ PUBLICATIONS
i
6, Range of visibility in sea miles
7. Description of the siruccure on which the tight is situated and the height of!
the structure above the ground in metres
8. Phases, sectors. arcs of visibility, periods of ilumination, important
temporary information, and other relevant remarks — also any minor
associaced lights which do not merit separate numbering.
In addition, each volume contains tables for the calculation of the
geographical and luminous ranges of lights: definitions of. and general remarks
on. the characteristics of lights and“Tog signals: and a list of foreign language
equivalents of the abbreviations used in light descriptions. In some volumes.
special comments are found on problems peculiar to the areas covered by them.
Items covered include oil-shore oil rigs. light vessels and distress signals.
While the main details of important lights are aiso shown on Admiralty
charts, item (1) above is not shown on charts, (2), (7) and (8) are sometimes not
shown, and other details are progressively omitted from charts as the scaie
decreases. Compiete information about lights and che minor and. temporary
amendments which are made to them ‘see below! can therefore only be
obtained from the List of Lights volumes,
Sources of information
The volumes of the Lis of Lights are.compiled from information received from
the following sources: -
L. Lighting authorities in home waters |Trinity House, Northern Lighthouse
Board, Commissioners of Irish Lights), Harbourmasters and Port
Authorities.
Foreign lights lists and notices to mariners.
Ships’ reports and hydrographic surveys.
Foreign charts.
fe
On receipt of information about important changes to lights which affect the
safety of navigation, a Notice ro Mariners is issued for she correction or
temporary correction) of charts. Each week these Notices. together with
temporary alterations and many other minor changes to lights. are included in
Section V’ of the Weekly Edition of Notices 10 Mariners. They are arranged in
numerical order and are intended for curting out and pasting into che printed
books. Changes to lights shown on charts are made by Notices in Secsion IT of
the Weekly Editions, which are usually published later than the corresponding
information in Section V. as chart-correcting Notices take longer 0 produce
The List of Lights should therefore invariably be consulted whenever
details of a light are required.
A new edition of each volume of the List of’ Lights is published at incervals of
about 18 months, the previous edition heing thereby cancelled. The Weekly
Notices announcing the publication of a volume will contain ail corrections in
Section V received between the date of going to press and the date of issue.
From the later dace. correction Sy Section V ot the Weekiy Nouces is resumed.
The requisite up-dating corrections are readily available chrough Chart
Agents. PUBLICATIONS SUPPLIED BY THE HY DROGRAPHER 157
Admiralty List of Radio Signals
The Admiralis List of Radio Signals (ALRS) consists of six volumes of text and four
bookiets of diagrams.
Volume 1: Coast Radio Stations (2 parts) :
This volume contains particulars of coast radio stations. including call signs.
hours of service. transmitting and receiving frequencies, and the times of craffic
lists. Stations are listed in geographical sequence.
‘Other sections of this volume give information on: medical advice by radio:
arrangements for quarantine reports. pollution reports, and locust reports: the
INMARSAT Maritime Satellite Service: regulations for the use of radio in
territorial waters: distress. search and rescue procedures: the AMVER ship
rescue organisation: a brief extract from the international radio regulations.
Part | (NP 281(1)) covers Europe. Africa and Asia (excluding the Philippines
and Indonesia)
Part 2 (NP 281(2i) covers the Philippines. Indonesia. Australasia. the
Americas, Greenland and Iceland.
Volume 2: Radio Navigational Aids -
Volume 2 (NP 282) contains particulars of radiobeacons including aero
radio-beacons in coastal regions; radio direction-finding stations, coast radio
stations providing a QTG service (the transmission of signals on request for
use with ships’ OF); calibration stations (stations giving special wansmissions
for the calibration of ships’ DF); radar beacons (racons and ramarks)
Volume 2a: Diagrams relating to Radiobeacons
Volume 2a (NP 282a) contains diagrams showing the location of radiobeacons
throughout the world (marine radiobeacons in black. coastal aero radio-
beacons in red), also a diagram for obtaining the half-convergency correction
“Ter DF bearings —
Votume 3: Radio Weather Services :
Volume 3 (NP 283) contains particulars of radio weather services and related
information. including certain meteorological codes provided for the use of
shipping. Frequencies and times of transmission of storm warnings and other
weather messages. including the transmission of facsimile maps. are also
given. Details of ships’ weather reports are also given in this volume. -
Fotume 3a: Diagrams relating to Weather Reporting and Forecast Areas
Volume 3a {NP 283a) shows the regions. zones and coast radio stations for the
collection and dissemination of ships’ weather reports. also. the limits of
forecast areas covered by radio weather transmissions.
Volume 4: Meteorological Obsercation Stations
- Volume + (NP 284) comprises a list of world-wide’ meteorological observation.
stations giving the number, location and elevation of each station and serving 138 j CHAPTER 7- PUBLICATIONS:
_ as a key to meteorological working charts on which selected station numbers
“appear: »
Volume 3: Radio Time Signals: Radio Navigational Warnings: Position-fixing Systems
Volume 33 (NP, 285) contains particulars of: standard. ‘legal) times, including
the dates between which davlight-saving time is observed in Certain countries:
radio time signals, including details of co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC).
and a lise of Stations providing radio time signais giving the frequencies and
times of transmission and the system’ emploved by each station: radio
navigational’ warnings including details of the world-wide navigational
(NAVARE.), Warning Service {see page 135}: national practices: ice reports:
reports of transmission. failure in position-fixing systems: ‘a list of stations
transmitting radio navigational: warnings’ giving the frequencies. times of
qransmission and area covered: by: each station: electronic position-fixing
systems {Decca, Consol, Loran-A, Loran-C. Omega, Differential Omega. and
satellite navigation)
Volume 3a: Diagrams relating 10 Radio Communications and Position-fixing Systems
Volume 5a :NP 285a) comprises diagrams for radio communications and
electronic position-fixing systems. Radio communication diagrams include
details of internacional radio watchkeeping periods: standard time zone chart
of the world: the format of radio time signals: the limits of NAVAREAS
HYDROPAC and HYDROLANT areas: details of the transmissions of navigational
warnings by RT in the Baltic and North-west Europe. Electronic position-
fixing system diagrams show uie fixing accuracy and coverage of the various
systems (except Consol) in use throughout the world.
Volume 6: Port Operations. Pilot Services and Traffic Management {2 parts)
Votume 6 contains particulars of: stacions working in the Port Operations and
Informacion Services; services 10 assist vessels requiring pilots: services
concerned with traffic management. Derails of various ship movement report
systems such as MAREP ‘English Channel): are also given in this volume.
Further information is contained in Volume ITE of this Manual of Navigation.
Part | NP 286/)}) covers NW Europe and the Mediterranean
Part 2 |NP 286(2)) covers Airica and Asia jexcluding Mediterranean coasis1,
Australasia. Americas. Greeniand and Iceland
Votume 6a: Diagrams relating to Port Oberavions. Pilot Services and Traffic Management
Diagrams (NP 2€6a1 accompanying waific management systems described in
Voiume 6, Parts | and 2, are provided.
Sources of’ information
‘The information contained in 2£2S is caken from the relevance incemational
publications sof the Internadonai Telecommunication Union and the World
Meteorological Organisation; und from cadio lists. sailing direcuons. and
notices co mariners published bv other national Hydrographic Offices.
Information is also obtained chrough enquiries to operating suthoricies and
administrations PUBLICATIONS SUPPLIED BY THE HYDROGRAPHER 159
\ few icems, af major importance ¢o she salety or convenience of shipping,
ace issued in the series of long-range radio navigational warnings. These items,
together with others of lesser urgency. are also included in Section VI of the
Weekly Notices co Mariners.
New editions.of these volumes are published annually, except for Volucne +,
which is revised every 3 vears.
Tide and tidal stream publications
Tide and tidai stream publications are dealt with in detail in Chapter [1
Admiralty Tide Tables
Admiralty Tide Tables (ATT) are published in three volumes annuaily as follows:
Volume | European waters including Mediterranean Sea}.
Volume 2 Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
Volume 3. Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas.
Volumes 2 and 3 (Admiralty Tide Tables and Tidal Stream Tables) contain, in
addition to tidai predictions, a number of predictions of tidat streams.
Harmonic constants for some tidal streams are also published in all three
volumes.
Each volume is divided into three parts. Part I gives daily predictions of the
times and heights of high and low water for a selected number of standard ports
Part II gives time and height differences for prediction of high and low water at
a much larger number of secondary ports. Part [LI gives the harmonic constants for
use with the Simplified Harmonic Method of Tidai Prediction for those ports,
where they are known. Details showing how this method can be used on any
programmable calculator or computer are published in the Introduction to
cach volume of ATT.
The tables for the secondary ports vary considerably in completeness and
accuracy. In general,-where fuil informacion is given, it can be assumed that
predictions will satisfy the normal demands of navigation; where information is
incomplete, it is prudent cq regard it as approximate only.
Outside the British Isies, ic is the general principle to publish only a selection
ofthe standard port predictions from foreign tide tables and these should be
+» consulted where necessary. Foreign tide tables are obtained from the
appropriate national Hydrographic Office, and usually from national agencies
at the larger ports. A note’of those places for which daily predictions are given
in foreign tide tables is included in Part [I of all chree volumes.
Admiralty Tide Tables are corrected annually by Notice to Mariners No. |
contained-imr Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
Other tidat publications
A list of Admiralty tidal publications is given atthe end of Admiralty Tide Tables.
These include cidal Stream atlases covering the whole of the British Isles and
selected areas elsewhere. miscellaneous tidal charts, forms for predicting tides
and instcuctional handbooks on tidal subjects. [n addition. HM Ships .are
supplied with Homie Dockyard Ports—Tides and. Tidal Streams (NP 167). The
information in this publication is supplementary so that given in ATT. tidal
siream atlases and admiralty Sailing Directions. 160: ‘ CHAPTER j- PUBLICATIONS
Astronomical publications
Sight Reduction Tables for Manne Navigation (NP 401)
Sigit Reduction Tables for Marine Navigation are published in six volumes. each
covering a band of 15° of latitude. They contain the data necessary for the
solution of sights of heavenly bodies. Values of altitude and azimuth are
tabulated for all combinations of latitude, local hour angle and declination at
intervals of 1 degree. The calculated-altiude and azimuth of the heavenly body
being observed is extracted from the tables and compared with the true
altitude to obtain a position line.
The explanation of the tabies includes instructions on how to solve
great-circle probiems
Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation
The Sight Reduction Tabies for Air Nevigation (AP 3270) consist of three volumes
(NP 303(1) to (3)) of tables of altitude and azimuth designed for the rapid
reduction of astronomical sights. Volume } contains the tables for selected
stars for al} latitudes and a new edition is issued about every 5 vears. Volume 2
(lautudes 0° to 39°) and Volume 3 (latitudes 40° 10 89°) contain tables for
integral degrees of declination providing for sights of the sun, moon and
planets: these tables are permanent. The tables are published by the United
States as Pub. No 249, Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation, The United
Kingdom edition (published by HMSO) is a reproduction of the US
publication with an Introduction conforming to RAF usage
The Nautical Almanac (NP 314) .
The Nautical Almanac is compiled joindy by HM Nautical Almanac Office. Royal
Greenwich Observatory. and the Nautical Almanac Office. Uniced States
Naval Observatory. and published annually by HMSO. It is issued by the
Hydrographic Department to HM Ships and RFAs. and is available to
merchant ships through most Admiralty Chart Agents. It tabulates all the data
for the vear required for the practice of astronomical navigation at sea
Star Finder and Identifier (NP 323)
The Star Finder and Identifier consists of a star chart an which are printed the
navigational stars and on which the positions of planets and other stars may
also be plotted. The elevation and tue bearing of a star at anv time can be
obtained by inspection. using a superimposed transparent grid.
Miscellaneous publications
Norie’s Nautical Tables (NP 320;
Norie’s Tables consist of a set of navigational and mathematical tables which
include:
Meridional parts.
Logarithms
Lug of trigonometrical functions and natural funcuons of angies
Haversines OTHER BOOKS OF INTEREST TO THE NAVIGATING OFFICER, 6
AB and C azimuth tables
Bearing amplitudes and corrections.
Ex-meridian tables [to [V.
Dip ut sea horizon.
Retraction,
Sun. star snd moon total corrections.
Radar range.
Distance hy vertical angie.
Distance nl the sea horizon.
Ports of the world.
None’ Tables age issued without demand co HM Ships by the Hydrographer anc
are available 2 merchant ships through most Admiraley Chart Agents,
The Decca Navigator Mark 2 Operating tnstructions (NP 323i
This publication contains iniormation on the Decca Mark 2! ceceiver (QM L+
fited in HM Ships.
The Decca Navigator Marine Data Sheets (NP 316}
This pudlicacion contains general information on the Decca system inciuding
the accuracy of Decca fixing, daca sheets foc individual chains showing the
areas covered. the accuracy of position fixing within the chain, lixed error
corrections for the individual pacterns. fr is issued to ships direct from the
Racal-Decca Navigator Co., although amendments are issued by the
Hydrographer.
Publications on ather radio aids (satellite navigation, Loran-C, Omega, etc.)
are usually issued co HM Ships as technical books of reference (BRs) (3 page
163i.
OTHER BOOKS OF INTEREST TO THE NAVIGATING OFFICER
In addition to the five volumes of the Admiralty Manual of Navigation, there are a
number of BRs issued through: the Supply Deparcment of interest to the
Navigating Olficer. Some of these are on sale to the public.
‘The Queen's Regulations for the Royal Navy (QRRN, BR 31)
Regulations laid down in QRAW and in Volume IV of this manual inciude che
following subjects which are of concern to the Navigaring Officer:
The authority of the Officer of the Watch.
Special Duries Officers, Seamen specialists — Certificates ot
Compecence, Watchkeeping and Ocean Navigating Certificates.
Officers. general — Bridge Watchkeeping Certificates.
Officers. general —- Ocean Navigation Certiticates.
Regulations Jor the conduce of courts martial — evidence on navigational
matters.
Speed of ships.
Inscructions to Captains, f
Tnscruccions to officers — Officers of the Watch. 162 CHAPTER 7- PUBLICATIONS.
Navigation -— instructions to Navigating Officers: collisions and
groundings: definitions of terms 10 be used at sea
Classification of speed and power.
Admiralty Manual of Seamanship, Volumes I to IV (BR 67(1) to (4)
Volume I is the basic book of seamanship for officers and men joining the Royal
Navy. Volume IT contains more technical detail and is 2 general textbook and
reference book for ratings seeking advancement and for junior officers. Volume
IIL is intended. mainly for officers. It covers such essential seamanship
knowiedge as the handling of ships and also information on a variety of subjects
that could be classed as advanced seamanship, such as aid to ships in distress.
The following chapters in Volume II] are of particular interest to the
Navigating Officer:
Chapter 6 Towing at sea.
9 Officer of the Watch in harbour. .
13. Officer of the Watch at sea.
12. Propulsion and steering of ships.
13-16 Handling ships in narrow waters: in company: in heavy
Weather: while replenishing at sea.
Volume IV amplifies information in Volumes } 0 II} for RN purposes only
and is not available to the public.
Rules for the Arrangement of Structures and Fittings in the Vicinity of
Magnetic Compasses and Chronometers (BR 100)
This book sets out the rules for the siting of equipment in the vicinity of
magnetic compasses and chronometers. It tabulates the minimum distance at
which magnetic material that is part of the ship's structure. electrical
equipment. and so on, should be sited from the compass. It also grades the
position for the magnetic compass dependent on its function: for example. a
standard compass providing the primary means of navigation is 2 Grade |
compass while an Emergency Compass fitted for the purpose of conning or
steering the ship after action damage or breakdown is @ Grade IV’ compass
This publication is not available io the public.
Collisions and Groundings (and Other Accidents) (BR 134)
This book contains cases of groundings. collisions. berthing incidents and
other accidents affecting the safety of men and ships. There is a narrative of
each incident. followed by comments and a summary of the lessons to be
learned from it
This publication is required reading for ail officérs in HM Ships. [1 is noi
available to the public
A Seaman’s Guide to the Rule of the Road (BR 453)
This is a programmed book designed to teach Royal Navy and Merchani Navy
personnel suificient theoretical knowledge of the Regulations for Preventing
Collision ar Sea to meet tne needs of the Officer of the Warch. Sy FORMS OF [NTEREST TO THE NAVIGATING OFFICER 183
Tactical publications
Certain tactical publications are of-interest-to the RN Navigating Officer.
rowering such matters as
Formations, manoeuvres. sea manners und customs
Evasive scoering — zigzag plans
Search and Rescue.
Replenishment ac Sea
Nuclear Fallout Forecasting and Warning Organisation
These books are ant an sale co che gublic. Certain tactical publications may
he issued :o selected British merchant ships in times of war or other
emergencies
Classified books
Certain books classified Comiidendal or higher are al interest to the RN
Navigating Officer. These books cover such matters as:
Particulars of Royal Ficet Ausiliacies,
Operational endurance data.
Fleet dara.
Maritimé Law and claimed territorial seas.
Fleet Operating Orders.
Technical publications
‘There are a number of technicat BRs covering the whole range of navigational
equipments available xo the RN Navigating Officer. These cover such items as
echo sounders. radio aids co navigation (sateilice navigation, Loran-C. Omega.
Decca, etc.), bottom logs. compasses and automated navigation systems.
‘$’ FORMS OF INTEREST TO THE NAVIGATING OFFICER
There are a number of 'S’ forms. supplied from PSTO{N), HM Naval Base,
Portsmouth, and demanded chrough the ship's supply department, which are
of incerest to the Navigating Officer. These are summarised in Table 7-I
{p.64) and brief derails of individual forms fallow
Report of Collision or Grounding (S232)
The procedure for reporting collisions or groundings in HM Ships is laid down
in QRRN. The initial signalled report is co be followed without delay by a
written report on Form S232. Whether or not legal claims or proceedings ace
anticipated. the form is co be rendered as follows:
Original to be compieced and torwacded by the Captain direct to the
Treasury Solicitor, Central Buildings. Matchew Parker Street, London SW1
Copies to he forwarded to che Administrative Authority for transmission,
through Commander-in-Chief Fleet to the Ministry of Defence (Naval Law
Division). and the Area Flag Officer wee i CHAPTER 3 - PUBLICATIONS
Table 7-1. “S' forms of interest 10 the Navigating Officer
MBER rm
Report of Collision or Grounding
$322 Ship's Log
$3228 Cover for current Ship's Log
S3744 Record of Observations for Deviation
$376 «| Manoeuvering Form (pads}
$387 Table of Deviations
$425(4) Inspection Report ~ Navigation
-$428(6) | Inspection Repor: (Submarines) — Navigation and A1O
$529 ership and Fish Vessel Siehting Report
S548 ‘avigating Officer's Note Book
$353 ~| Order Book (used for Captain's Night Orders!
$580 | | Record Book for Whee! and Engine Orders
3176 Fishing Vessel Log
$130) i Report on Damage to Fishing Gear (Attended or Unattended)
| Alleged to have been Caused by HM Ships. ete.
$1372 Order of the Court and Report of Navigation Direction Officers ac
Trial on Navigational Charge
$}750-1775 | Degaussing Forms
Ship Activity Return
Formex 110 — Wheeihouse Record
Navigational Data Book
$3020A/B/C | Turning, Starting and Stopping Trials
$3034 Navigational Record Book .
The Ship’s Log (5322)
“The Navigating Officer, or other suck officer or senior rating to whom the Captain has
approved he should delegate this duty. is to have charge of the Ship's Log, Form $322. and is 0
present it weekly for the Captam's signature (BR 4544)). Instructions for
compiling the Ship's Log are laid down in Volume IV’ of this manual and in the
front of the Log Book inself. A complete account of the ship's movements is kept
in the Ship's Log or in the Navigational Record Book ($30341 by noting
navigational information in sufficient detail for the track of the ship at any time in be
reconstructed accurately.
A specimen log illustrating sez and harbour usage is in Fig. 7-! (pp.166-7}
Record of Observations for Deviation (S374A) and Table of Deviations (S587,
Form $374A is supplied for the purpose of keeping a record of the deviation of
all the magnetic compasses installed in one of HM Ships. Anvthing likelv to
affect the compass which has occurred since the previous occasion of rendering
the form (such as alterations in the ship's structure or armament). or anything
likely to affect the accuracy’ of the swing which is being recorded «such as the
nearness of other ships, ar the rapidity of the swing? shouic be noted in the
“Remarks’ space of the form 'S' FORMS OF INTEREST TO THE NAVIGATING OFFICER 165
Form $387 is an abridged version of this form and is intended to be kept on
the bridge if necessary and in the vicinity of the compass. concerned... © —
Full desails on the use of these forms are given in Volume [IT of this manual
Manoeworing Forms ($376)
These forms ate supplied in pads. Each form consists of a spider's web of 254
mm (19 inch) diameter suitable for plotting the positions of ships in company;
it also gives various scales, and a cote to record such things as the stations of
ships in company, the base course, the zigzag plan, flving course, PIM (position
and intended movement) and so on. [¢ ig a very useful form for calculating
courses and speeds for changing station, particularly when on a tactical screen,
or for precise manoeuvres such as taking station [rom ahead
Navigating Officer's Note Book (S544)
The Navigating Officer is to ‘keep « Navigating Officer’s note book (SS4BA) containing
‘fail ond sufficient pilotage information to encble him fa conduct the naigation of the ship ite
safety along predetermined tracks in pilotage waters’ (BR 43(#)). He should also use
this Note Book forvall his navigationat”ptanning including ocean ‘and ‘coastal
navigation as well as pilotage and anchorages. Instructions for using the Note
Book are given in Chapters 12 and 13,
Captain's Night Order Book (S953)
Iehas long been the custom for the Captain of HM Ships to keep a Might Order
Book in which he puts instructions for the Officers of the Wacch and Principal
Warfare Officers of the night watches. He alsa gives information about the
special circumstances of the night, states wien he wishes to be called and aiso
usually draws attention co his Standing Orders on calling. Instructions for
calling the Caprain are pasted inside the front cover. The Night Order Book is
an essential link between che Captain and his OOWs and PWOs, who should
initial it on caking over their watch. It is also used in harbour ro implement
instructions fram the Captain for particular circumstances; for example,
weather precautions, getting under way. (See. also Chapter (9 of this volume.)
Record Bock for Wheel and Engine Orders (S580) _ .
Volume [¥ of this manual states that: ‘A Bridge record is kept of whetl and engine
* orders given whenever the ship is operating close to danger’ (land, other ships, etc.).
“Should automatic recording equipment not be available, the Record Book far Wheel and Engine
Orders (S580) should be used jor this purpose.’
Fishing Vetsel Log (S1176); Report on Damage jo Fishing Gea. (S1301)
The Fishing Vessel Log is used co cecord passing thcough oc near a fishing Het:
if possible, the names and distinguishing numbers of the fishing vessels are to
be entered. In the event that damage to gear may have been caused by an HM
Ship.. the circumstances are to be recorded in che Log. These details may
subsequently be needed if it becomes necessary for a Fishery Officer to render a
report on Form S1301, Report on Damage to Fishing Gear (Atended or
Unartended) Alleged to have been Causéd by HM Ships. “etc.
‘The Fishing Vessel Log provides a usefiai table of port distinguishing letters
dispiayed by fishing vessels. 166 CHAPTER 7 PUBLICATIONS
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Order of the Court and Report of Navigation Divecion Officers at Trioi on Navigational
harge (SI372)
in the event of couremartial ‘arising from the loss, stranding, hazarding, etc.
ofan HM Ship, the court will direct one or more Navigating or other competent
officers to work up the ship’s position from the time when her position was last
accurately ascertained and render a report on this form. A copy or tracing of the
chart by which the ship was navigated is also delivered to the court.
Navigational Data Book ($2677)
In order to maintain a complete record of the performance of an HM Ship
under all conditions of wind and weather from one commission to the next, the
Navigating Officer is to keep the Navigational Data Book (BR 45(4)). This book
should contain details of items listed at the start of each section of the book.
‘These items are reproduced here as. follows:
Section 1. Dimensions and Tonnage
- AlL_details.of length, breadth, height and. draught, ineluding-the-amounts-by—
which any fittings protrude below the keel.
Heights of eye (six foot man) for the various decks from which sights may be
taken.
Distance from bridge petorus, emergency conning position (ECP) pelorus and
navigational radar aerial to stem and stern.
Distances at which buoys are in transit with the base of the jackstaff, etc.
(shadow diagram).
Standard and full load displacement: nec, gross and Danube Rule (for Suez
Canal) tonnages.
Tracing of end elevation (from astern) of ship's stem, showing proud
propellers. -
‘Tonnes per centimetre immersion (TPC).
Visibility diagram (carriers and similar ships).
Section 2. Anchors and Cables
Details of size, age, weight, capacity and all tests and ranging of anchors, cable
and cable-holders.
Diagram showing the position of each shackle within its cable (a series of these
diagrams after each ranging will assist in maintaining an even rate of wear).
Speed of weighing anchor in minutes per shackle.
Section 3. Engines
Make and power.
Economical speed range.
Maximum revolutions ahead and ascern and standard revolutions for Slow
Ahead and Slow Astern.
Drill for disconnecting and connecting engines and shafts (if applicable}.
Drills for operacing variable-pitch propellers (if applicable}
Drills for blowing soot
Working-up rates and any special limitations. Ҥ FORMS OF INTEREST TO THE NAVIGATING OFFICER ley
Section 4. Revolution Tables and Ful! Power Trials
Table and/or graph of engine revolutions/speeds after various periods out of
dock.
Tables and/or graphs of speeds available (Table 7-2) and optimam revolutions
for different combinations of engines connected fif applicable).
All available’information on engine revolutions for speeds when various shafts
are stopped or crailed
Brief details of cach Full Power Trial: dace. position. depth, water temperature.
power developed and speed through the water.
Derails of speed lost/gained by using stabilisers in varying weather conditions
(if applicable).
Table 7-2. Revolutions for specific speeds (BR 45(4))
CLASSIFICATION Trercestsct or rit | aeegox.percestace | Revs
| POWER (OF FULL SPEED |
At full speed ‘authorised full | 100 J 00 i
power)
With ali despatch (maximum | a5 |» 6.5 |
conttinuous sea-going power} { |
With despateh 60 | a7 |
With all convenient desparch | 40 yu :
With moderate despatch 15 62.3
(uniess below economical |
speed)
Av econontical speed AS determined by wal for fac} economy |
and for optimuin gas turbine life
1
Section 5. Fuel Oil Capacity and Consumption Data
Total theoretical quantity of fuel thar can be carried and total practical
quantity of fuel oi! normaily embarked
Details of any quantity of fuel oil thar cannot be used (due to design of tanks or
other reason).
Graphs of consumption (in tonnes/hour)/speed. in both temperate and
wopical waters.
Graph ol range/speed allowing.for 20% usable fuel remaining
Section 6. Turning Trials
Report of Turning Trials (S30204/B/C) trom which should be prepared:
Table and/or graph (or taking station from the bow and templates for
use on the radar display
- Losing ground diagram,
Amount of wheel for altering course. including tactical diameter at
selected speeds for various rudder angles.
Time taken to curn at rest 170 CHAPTER? PUBLICATIONS
f
Starting and stopping data, including working rules for gainsloss in
speed in yards per knot. -
Section 7. Shiphandling Characteristics
Standard distance at which to reduce speed, stop and yo astern when
approaching an anchorage, buoy or alongside berth.
Recommended positions for handling the ship during different evolutions.
Recommended revolutions to be used when manoeuvring, including limita-
tions while turning at resi, going astern or on one boiler.
Limitations on shiphandling and blind pilocage caused by compass repeater
and radar blind arcs.
Effect of wind at various speeds ahead and astern.
Amount of leeway for various directions of relative wind,
Steerage way at various speeds ahead and astern,
Record of tricky berthing, with solution to each problem.
Towing speeds attained (and revolutions required) when cowing different
classes of ships. and amount of cabie veered with depth of water.
Man Overboard — diagrams to show shiphandling action for various- direct-
ions of relative wind, including the Williamson tum.
General observations from experience.
PIM table (carriers oniy},
Turning-into-wind graph (carriers only).
Section 8. Bertking information
All special features of the ship with regard to berthing, e.g. catamarans (or
berthing a cartier port side to, proud propellers, minimum length of
catamarans as dictated by frame spacing
Recommended brow lengths.
Section 9. Replenishment
_ Diagram of ship’s replenishment positions (on same scale as ATP 16 tor RF.AS).
Recommended method for approaching the close-aboard position
Distance usually maintained for various rigs
Abnormalities of interaction, particularly in shaliow water. and notes of
experience gained
Section 10. Conning Positions
Bridge — large-scale diagram of lavous. with explanatory notes.
Other conning positions — a brief description of all communications, chart
tables and compasses availabie-at these positions,
Section 11. Navigational Communications
Fuil details of intercommunication system. voice pipes and telephones ‘with
simple diagrams:
Section 12. Steering and Stabilising Equipment
Full details of steering arrangements and equipment
Orders for steering gear breakdowns, St FORMS OF [NTEREST TO THE NAVIGATING OFFICER, wn
Drill for operating active rudders (if fitted)
Brief description of stabilisers (if fitted), including position and amount thev
protrude. and drills for operating
Section 13. Compasses
MAGNETIC COMPASSES — DETAILS OF THOSE FITTED.
Record of swings for adjustment of compasses (Form $374A): all swings done
by the compass directorate should be kept. pius the iast ewe swings or each
similar latitude.
Details of special communications and other requirements during compass
adjustment,
Deraiis of abnormal performance. with description of remedies taken.
GYRO-COMPASSES — DETAILS OF THOSE FITTED.
Derails of abnormal performance. with description of remedies taken
REPEATERS — WHERE FITTED. ~~ oo
Drills for changing over in che event of compass failure. including AIO
Section I, Ecko Sounder
Detaiis of fitting.
Record of calibration (see Handbooks).
Section 15, Bottom Log and Plotting Tables
Details of fitting
Record of measured mile runs and other log calibrations. with rable of errors for
the iog and plotting cables on each occasion.
Section 16. Degaussing Equipment and Ranging
Details of ficcing, including diagram showing layout of compass corrector-coil
resistances
Record of occasions on which ship is ranged, wiped and-depermed.
Ghart of the'most recent DG ranging (DG Chart No. 1)
Reference: The Manual of Degaussing (BR 825
Section 17. Navigation Lights
Pattern numbers and location of all mains and battery-operated lights. with
location of ail switches (simple diagram usefal).
Details of dimmer settings for Close A/S Action, etc. {if applicable’
Section 18, Radio Aids
Details of all equipment: fitted {including navigational radars), with comments
on failures. irregular performance and interference experienced. Comments
on accuracies achieved
Blind pilotage organisation.
Section 14, Special Sea Dutrmen
Full details of all personnel, with their positions and tasks. (Details of all fixing
teams for entering 2nd leaving harbour should be entered here
List of reports 10 be made to the Bridge when Special Sea Dutymen close up v2 ; CHAPTER 7- PUBLICATIONS
Section 29. Ship's Narrative
Steaming table (10 show following details)
Year Month Distance Hours Toral distance Total hours
steamed underway steamed this underway
commission this com-
mission
Brief narrative of the ship's employment: +
EXAMPLE
Yeor From Details To Remarks
1986 20 Feb GIBRALTAR 3 Mar Cin€ Fleet embarked 24-28
February.
3Mar Exercise ATLANTEN 12 Mar Convov exercise with USN.
12Mar PORT EVERGLADES 18 Mar Navy Days 13 & 16 Mar,
Note: Information gained during visits to foreign ports or on passage which
would be of general interest to all ships (not just to the next commission}
should be reported as:
i. Amendmencs to the Station Guide Book or
2. Hydrographic notes or
3. Amendmencs co Port Information Sheets, etc
Each passage should be analysed and lessons to be learnt recorded. .¢.
Tidal streams, currents or weather different from that expected.
Whether time in hand aliowed for at the planning stage was adequate or
not.
Turning, Slarting and Stopping Trials (S30204/B/C)
These farms are used
