SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a
risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over
30 obese. For adults, who defines overweight and obesity as follows: overweight is a
BMI greater than or equal to 25 and obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30.
Obesity is generally caused by eating too much and moving to little. If you
consume high amounts of energy, particularly fat and sugar but do not burn off the
energy through exercise and physical activity much of surplus energy will be stored
by the body as fat. Obesity refers to bodyweight that is greater than what is
consider normal or healthy for a certain height overweight is generally due to extra
muscle bone or water. People who have obesity have too much bodyfat.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
OBESITY
Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that present a
risk to health. BMI - Body Mass Index is a person weight in kilograms (or pounds)
divided by the square of height in meters (or feet) HEALTH - Health is a state of
complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity. TYPE II DIABETICS - is an impairment in the way the body
regulates and uses sugar (glucose) as fuel: This long term (chronic) conditions
results in too much sugar circulating in the blood stream.
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION
Obesity are increasing problems that lead to significant health and social
difficulties for people. Commonly defined by a measurement of Body mass index
(BMI) calculated by dividing body weight kilograms by height meters squared, the
prevalence of overweight adult BMI of between 25 and 29.9 and obesity BMI of 30
or over is increasing for children, these BMI standards required adjustment for age
and gender obesity are global problems and the world health organization who
predicts that by 2022. Obesity rates have nearly doubled in the 18 past years from
13% of men and 26% of women in 2022. In the same time year, about 3 in 10
children aged 2-15 years were found to be overweight or obese.
Obesity is directly linked to a number of different illnesses including lol type 2
diabetes, hypertension, gallstones and gastro esophageal reflux diseases as well
psychological and psychiatric morbidities. The health and social care information
centre reported that there were inpatient admissions too hospital with a primary
diagnosis of obesity in 2022.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Marion Devaux, Franco Sassi The European journal of public health 23 (3),
464-269. Evidence of inequities in obesity and overweight is available mostly from
national stubbles, this article provides a broad international comparison of inequio by
education level and socio-economic status in men and women and overtime methods
data from national health survey of 110ecd count were used.
Ayan Chatterjee, Martin Gerdes, Santiago Martinez. sensor 20 (9), 2734,2020
Social determining factors such as the adverse influence of globalization,
supermarket growth, fast unplanned urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, economy, and
social position slowly develop behavioral risk factors in humans. Behavioral risk
factor such as unhealthy habits, improper diet, and physical inactivity lead to
physiological risk and obesity.
Adela Hruby, Frank Nkbhu , Pharmacoeconomics 33 (7) 673-689,2015. The
epidemic of overweight and obesity present a major challenge to chronic disease
prevention and health across the life course around the world. Fueled by economic
growth, industrialization, mechanized transport, urbanization, an increasing
sedentary lifestyle and nutritional transition to proceed foods and high calorie diets
over last 30 years many countries have witnessed the prevalence of obesity in
citizens double and even quadruple.
Lindsay M Jaacks, Stefanie Vandevivere, An Pan, Craig, Mr Gowrin . Thelancet
diabetes and endocrinology 231-240 (3) 2019. The global prevalence of obesity has
increased substantially over the past 40 years from less than 1% in 1975 to 68% in
2016 among girls and boys and from 3% to 11% among men and from 6% to 15%
among women over the same period. Our aim was to consolidate the evidence on
the epidemiology of obesity into conceptual model of the so- called obesity
transition.
Geoge Bray, Claude Bourchard 2014. Several major developments have
occurred since tha last edition of handbook of obesity clinical application, including
new clinical, discoveries related to drug use, and Greater understanding of the
benefits of weight loss in obese patients.
Limin Wang, Bin Zhou, Zhen Ping Zhao, Ling Yang, Mei Jinn. The lancet
398(10294)53-63,2021. In china mean body mass index (BMI) and obesity in adults
have in increased steadily since the early 1980s. However, to our knowledge, there
has been no reliable assessment of recent trends, nationally, regionally, or in certain
population sub group. To address this evidence gap we present detailed anlyses of
relevant data from six consecutive nationally representative health surveys done
between 2004 and 2018.
Christina Zorbas, Claire Palermo, Alexandra Chung. Nutrion reviews
76(12)861-874,2018. Context dietary risk are leading contributors to global
morbidity and mortality and disproportionately burden individuals of lower
socioeconomic positions. Objective the aim of this review is to understand,
holistically, what factors are recieve to influence healthy eating and to determine
whether factors different comparing the general population with lower
socioeconomic sub groups.
G Seyda Seydel, Ozlem Kuculoglu, Akif Altinbas, 15(5)662-672,2017. As a
consequence of life styles change towards higher calorie intake and less exercise,
obesity and metabolic syndrome are spreading all over the world. Due to this
increase in obesity and metabolic syndrome related HCC will become understanding
of the impact and obesity in the development of HCC will improve our treatment
strategies.
Dl Olstad, Teychenne, LM Minaker, Dr Taber, KD Raine, obesity reviews
77(72)7798-72772078. This systematic review examined the impact of universal
policies on socioeconomic inequalities in obesity, dietary and physical activity
behavior among adults and children guidelines were followed. Database searches
spanned from 2005 to august 2015. Eligible studies assessed the impact of universal
policies on anthropometric dietary or physical activity related outcomes in adults or
children according to socioeconomic position.
Kristen Knutson American Journal of Human Biology 24(3)261-371. 2012 The
prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, which is cause for concern
because obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, reduce life
expectancy and impairs quality of life. A better understanding of the risk Factorsfor
obesity is therefore critical global health concern and human biologist can play an
important role in identifying these risk factor in various population.
Enter
SYNTHESIS OF THE STATE OF THE ART
Obesity complicates the care and treatment of act patients and predispone
them to chronic non communicable disease. However, there are is a shortage of
research of research evidence on overweight and obesity and associated factors
among adult art patients on our setting. Therefore, this study aimed to uses
overweight and obesity and associated factors among a adult art patient.
GAP BRIDGED BY THE STUDY
There is increasing recognition that obesity are not just problems of
individuals but also society wide problems that have serious health consequences
and affect some population groups more than others. Acting on this recognition will
be required multifaceted, population-based changes in the social and environmental
factors that influence energy intake and expenditure. There is a pressing used to act
on the problem of obesity, but there is also a large gap between the types and
amount of evidence deemed ideal as the basis for taking action the types and
amount of information available to meet that need.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Health services have a clear role in the treatment of obesity and diseases
linked to obesity but a less well-established role in prevent on particularly in hospital
and community-based health services.
The aim of this research was to examine whether and how hospital and
community-based health services incorporate adult obesity prevention and practice
the case study was a health service. Grounded theory informed all aspects of the
research including participant recruitment data collection and data analysis of
diverse perspective relationship and interconnection in the study.
Health service response to obesity and is prevention compound the negative
elements associated with obesity for individuals and are ineffective in creating
positive change at individual or a social alternative System level approach is needed
to align health service responses with contemporary approaches that address obesity
preventions complex problem.
THEORETICAL PARADIGM OF THE STUDY
BMI COMPUTATION
HEIGHT
152 Centimeters=1.52 meters
squared of height: (1.52x 1.52) m2 = 2.31 m2
WEIGHT
60 Kilograms
BMI
w 60
_____ = _____ = 25.96
h2 2.31
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
During the last two decades, obesity has become a global pandemic, creating
harmful impacts on men and women in society. If the obesity trend continues
upwards. especially developing countries. it may significant of children professional
social and psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, it is conceivable that when obesity /
overweight issues appear at a young age they may persist during adulthood and
individual development and community well-being. By targeting children at a very
young age and with a broad of strategies junk food marketers have often been
accused of children to over consume junk food from an early age and throughout
adolescence until adulthood.
