1

Jaundice :
[NCERT-II- 265]
• Liver is affected, skin and eyes turn yellow due to bile
pigment deposition.

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Ring Worm :
[NCERT-II-149]
• One of the most common infectious disease.
• Spread by soil or using towel, clothes or even the comb of
infected person.
• Causative agent : GeneraMicrosporum, Trychophyton and
Epidermophyton.

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Typhoid :
[NCERT-II- 146]
• Causative agent : Salmonella typhii (Bacteria).
• Diagnosed by wildal test
• Affected organ : small intestine
• Symptoms : Sustained fever (39 0 to 400C), weakness, stomach
pain, constipation, headache.
• Severity : Intestinal loss of appetite perforation and death
• Classic case : Typhoid mary
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Pneumonia :
[NCERT-II-147]
• Causative agent : Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus
pneumoniae
• Infects alveoli
• Symptoms fever, chills, cough and headache
• Severity : lips and finger may turn grey to bluish
• Transmission : by aerosols or even by sharing glasses and
utensils with infected person.
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Elephantiasis :
[NCERT-II-149]
• Causative agent : Wuchereria bancrofti and Wuchereria
malayi.
• Gross deformities of lower lumbs and genital organs.
• Transmission : female culex mosquito

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Malaria :
[NCERT-II-147]
• Causative agent : Plasmodium (Protozoa)
• Transmission by : Female mosquito (Anopheles)
• Symptoms : Recurring fever, chills
• Infective stage for human - sporozoite

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Common cold :
[NCERT-II-147]
• Causative agent : Rhino virus
• Lasts for 3-7 days
• Affects upper respiratory tract
• Symptoms are sore throat, tiredness, hoarseness, cough,
headache.
• Transmission : aerosols or contaminated objects

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AIDS :
[NCERT-II-154]
• Causative agent : HIV
• First reported in 1981
• Transmission : infected needles, blood transfussion, mother
to child through placenta, sexual contact.

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Black (stem) rust of wheat :

[NCERT-I-22]
• Causative agent : Puccinia gramineae.

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Haemophilia :
[NCERT-II-90]
• Sex linked recessive disease.
• Simple cut leads to non stop bleeding.
• Transmission from inffected female carrier to male progeny.

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Adenosine deaminase disease :

[NCERT-II-211]
• Inherited disorder which damages the immune system.
• It causes severe combined immuno deficiency (SCID)
• Treated by bone narrow transplant and gene therapy

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Vomiting :
[NCERT-II-265]
• Forcefully expelling the stomach’s contents out of mouth.
• Vomit centre in the medulla

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Cirrhosis of liver :
[NCERT-II-162]
• Hepatitis and chronic alcohol abuse are frequent causes.
• Symptoms : fatigue, weakness and weight loss, jaundice,
abdominal swelling etc.

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Osteoporosis :
[NCERT-II-312]
• Age related disorder.
• Characterised by decreased bone mass and increased chances
of fracture.
• Common cause is decreased level of estrogen.

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Myasthenia gravis :
[NCERT-I-312]
• Auto immune disorder
• Affects neuromuscular junction
• Leads to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.

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Gout :
[NCERT-I-312]
• Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid.

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Turner’s Syndrome :
[NCERT-II-92]
• Genetic disorder
• Due to absence of one of the x-chromosomes i.e., 45 with
XO.
• Such females are sterite (because of rudimentary ovaries)

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• Lack secondary sexual characters

Babesiosis :
• Causative agent : Babesia microti
• Spread by ticks
• Symptoms fever chills, headache, fatigue

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Erythropoiesis :
• Process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes) which
is the development from erythropoietic stem cell to mature
red blood cell.

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Encephalitis :
• Causative agent : Herpes simplex virus

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Tuberculosis :
• Infections bacterial disease
• air borne
• Causative agent : Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Symptoms : Cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever.

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Whooping Cough :
[NCERT-II-183]
• Causative agent : Bordetella pertusis (Bacteria)
• Symptoms : runny nose, nasal congestion, sneerzing, fever
• air-borne disease

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Diphtheria :
[NCERT-II-183]
• Causative agent : Corynebacterium diphteriae
• Air - borne
• Symptoms sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes weakness

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Polio :
[NCERT-II-183]
• Causative agent : Polio virus
• Transmitted through contaminated food and water
• Symptoms : Joint weakness and pain, fatigue, breathing,
swallowing problem.

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Asthma :
NCERT-II Page No. 153
• Caused due to inflanmation of bronchi and bronchioles.
• Difficulty in breathing, wheezing breathing through mouth.

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Emphysema :
NCERT-II Page No. 160
• Due to damage to the alveolar wall
• Mainly caused due to smoking.
• Symphtons : frequent coughing or wheezing, cough with
mucus, shortness of breath.

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Chloera :
• Causative agent : Vibrio cholerae
• Symphtons : pain in abdomen, nausea, diarrhoea, vomitting,
dehydration.

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Tetanus :
• Causative agent : Clostridium tetani
• Symptoms : muscles contraction in jaw and neck particularly.

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Graves disease :
NCERT-II Page No. 335
• Also called exophthalmic goitre
• Form of hyper thyroidism.

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Gonorrhea :
NCERT-II Page No. 63
• Causative agent : Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Sexually transmitted disease.
• Leads to painful unination and abnormal discharge from penis
or vagina.

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Syphilis :
NCERT-II Page No. 63
• Causative agent : Treponema pallidurn (Bacteria)
• Sexually transmitted disease.
• Characterised by painful sore on gentials, rectum or mouth.

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Down Syndrome :
• Genetic disorder
• presence of additional copy of chromosome no. 21
• described by Langdon down (1366)
• Individual is short statured with small head furrowed tongue
and partially open mouth.
• Mental retardation.

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Gential warts :
NCERT-II Page No. 63
• Causative agent : Human papilloma virus.
• STD
• Characterised by small bump on gential.

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Thalassemia :
NCERT-II Page No. 91
• Autosome linked reccessive
• Due to mutation or deletion results in reduced rate of
synthesis of globin chain.
• Quantitiative problem.

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Sickle cell Anaemia :

NCERT-II Page No. 90
• Autosome linked recessive disease  qualitative problem.
• Cuased by substitution of glutamic acid by valine at 6th
position of -globin chain.

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Glycosuria :
[NCERT-I-298]
• Presence of glucose in urine.
• Indicative of diabetis mellitus.

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Renal calculi :
[NCERT-I-299]
• Stone or insoluble mass of crystallised salts (oxalates etc.)
formed within the kidney.

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Glomerular nephritis :
[NCERT-I-299]
• Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney

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Alzheimer’s disease :
[NCERT-II-213]
• Autoimmune disease
• Symptoms are memory loss, confusion, irritability etc.
• May be prevented by vaccination.

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Kwashiorkar disease
[NCERT-II-266]
• Protein deficiency unaccompanied by caloric deficiency.
• Occurs in more than one year old.
• Leads to wasting of muscles, thinning of limbs, failure of
growth and brain development.
• Extensive oedema and swelling of body parts.

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Klinefelter’s syndrome :
[NCERT-II-92]
• Genetic disorder.
• Due to presence of additional copy of x-chromosome resulting
into karyotype of 47, XXY.
• Overall Masculine development but feminine development
alos expressed (gynecomastia)
• Such individuals are sterile.

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Hepatitis -B :
[NCERT-II-162]
• Causative agent  Hepatitis - B virus
• Spread by unprotected intercourse, blood products, by
mother to baby
• Incurable.

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Mad cow disease :

[NCERT-I-27]
• Causative agent - Prions.
• Other name  Bovine spongiform Encephalopathy.
• Its analogous variant – Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (JD)

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Addison’s disease :
[NCERT-I-336]
• Caused by under production of hormone by adrenal cortex.
• Symptoms : acute weakness, fatigue
• Effects carbohydrate metabolism.

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Diabetes insipidus :
[NCERT-I-334]
• Impairment affecting syntheris or release of ADH.
• Causes water loss and dehydration.

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Acromegaly :
[NCERT-I-333]
• Caused by secretion of excess of growth hormone.
• Severe disfigurement especially of face.
• Can lead to premature death if unchecked.
• Disease is hard to diagnose.

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Goitre :
[NCERT-I-335]
• Form of hypothyroidism.
• Adversely affects body physiology.

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Diabetes Mellitus
[NCERT-I-338]
• Complex disorder (caused by prolonged hyperglycemia).
• Loss of glucose through urine.
• Formation of harmful compounds known as ketone bodies.
• Treatment : By insulin therapy.

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Filariasis
[NCERT-II-149]
• Caused by helminthes.
• Transmitted by mosquito – Anopheles (female) & culex
(female)
• Diagonosis by blood smear.

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Phenylketonuria
[NCERT-II-91]
• Autosomal linked recessive disease.
• Lack of enzyme  Phenylalanine hydroxylase.
• Phenylalanine excreted through urine.
• Poor absorption of phenylalanine by kidney.
• Accumulation of phenypyruvic acid & its derivatives lead to
mental retardation.

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Snow blindness
[NCERT-II-283]
• Also called photokeratitis.
• Caused by UV radiations.

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Muscular dystrophy
[NCERT-I-312]
• Progressive degenration of skeletal muscle.
• Mostly due to genetic disorders.

NEET 2021