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One-Sided Limits in Basic Calculus

This document discusses one-sided limits. It defines right-hand and left-hand limits and explains that if the left-hand and right-hand limits both exist and are equal, the two-sided limit exists, but if they are not equal or one does not exist, the two-sided limit does not exist. It provides examples of evaluating one-sided limits for rational functions, square root functions, piecewise functions, and absolute value functions.

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Rosales Selasor
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84 views2 pages

One-Sided Limits in Basic Calculus

This document discusses one-sided limits. It defines right-hand and left-hand limits and explains that if the left-hand and right-hand limits both exist and are equal, the two-sided limit exists, but if they are not equal or one does not exist, the two-sided limit does not exist. It provides examples of evaluating one-sided limits for rational functions, square root functions, piecewise functions, and absolute value functions.

Uploaded by

Rosales Selasor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BASIC CALCULUS

Lesson 2: ONE-SIDED LIMITS


I. Overview:

 This lesson will demonstrate key concepts of limits and continuity of a function.

II. Objectives:

 At the end of the lesson, the student is able to:


(1) evaluate one sided limits
(2) describe the relationship among the limit of a function and the one-sided limits associated to it

III. Content Outline:

Please take time to read and understand this part because all graded activities and quizzes will be coming
from these contents.

IV. Lesson Content

ONE – SIDED LIMITS


- Limits where x approaches a number only from one direction.
Right – hand Limit
Let f be a function defined on some open interval (a, d). The limit of f(x) as x approaches a from
the right is L, written as 𝐥𝐢𝐦+𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 if the values of f get closer and closer to one and only one
𝒙→𝒂
number L as x approaches a through values that are close to, but greater than a.
Left – hand Limit
Let f be a function defined on some open interval (c, a). The limit of f(x) as x approaches a from
the left is L, written as 𝐥𝐢𝐦− 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑳 if the values of f get closer and closer to one and only one
𝒙→𝒂
number L as x approaches a through values that are close to, but less than a.
Remark:
 If the left-hand limit and right-hand limit both exist and are both equal to L, then the two-
sided limit exists and is equal to L.
 If the left-hand limit and the right-hand limit exist but are not equal, or if one of these
exists while the other does not, then the two-sided limit does not exist.
EXAMPLES:
RATIONAL FUNCTION
1 1
1. lim⁡⁡ 2. lim ⁡ 𝑥−3
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→3
Solution: Solution:
1 1 1
lim⁡+⁡ = +∞ lim+ ⁡ = + = +∞
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→3 𝑥 − 3 0
1 1 1
lim⁡−⁡ = −∞ lim− ⁡ = − = −∞
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→3 𝑥 − 3 0
Thus, Thus,
1
1 lim ⁡ = 𝐷𝑁𝐸
lim⁡⁡ = 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠⁡𝑛𝑜𝑡⁡𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡⁡(𝐷𝑁𝐸) 𝑥→3 𝑥−3
𝑥→0 𝑥

M.A. SALAZAR, A. CABATAÑA, R. CORNELIO


SQUARE ROOT FUNCTION

3. lim⁡⁡√𝑥
𝑥→0
Solution:
lim+ ⁡⁡√𝑥 = √0 = 0 lim ⁡⁡√𝑥 = 𝐷𝑁𝐸 Thus, lim ⁡⁡√𝑥 = 𝐷𝑁𝐸
𝑥→0 𝑥→0− 𝑥→0

4. Evaluate the following:


a. lim− ⁡⁡√𝑥 − 2
𝑥→2
b. lim ⁡⁡√𝑥 − 2
𝑥→2+
c. lim⁡⁡√𝑥 − 2
𝑥→2

Solution: √𝑥 − 2⁡is not defined for 𝑥 < 2

a. lim ⁡⁡√𝑥 − 2 = 𝐷𝑁𝐸 b. lim+ ⁡⁡√𝑥 − 2 = √2 − 2 = 0 c. lim ⁡⁡√𝑥 − 2 = 𝐷𝑁𝐸


𝑥→2− 𝑥→2 𝑥→2

PIECEWISE FUNCTION
−1, 𝑥 < 0
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = { 0,⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = 0 ⁡ find a. lim−⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) b. lim+⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) c. lim⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
1,⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 > 0
Solution:
a. lim− ⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = lim− ⁡ − 1 = −1
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
b. lim+ ⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ ⁡1 = 1
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
c. lim⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐷𝑁𝐸
𝑥→0

𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 ≤ 3
6. 𝑓(𝑥) = { find a. lim− ⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) b. lim+ ⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) c. lim⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 2 − 7, 𝑥 > 3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3 𝑥→3

Solution:
a. lim ⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = lim− ⁡⁡𝑥 − 1 = 2
𝑥→3− 𝑥→3
b. lim ⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ ⁡⁡𝑥 2 − 7 = 2
𝑥→3+ 𝑥→3
c. lim⁡⁡𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐷𝑁𝐸
𝑥→3

ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION


𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
7. Find the following: a. lim+ |𝑥| b. lim− |𝑥| c. lim |𝑥|
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
Solution:
𝑥 𝑥
a. lim+ |𝑥| = lim+ 𝑥 = lim+1 = 1
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝑥 𝑥
b. lim− |𝑥| = lim− −𝑥 = lim+ − 1 = −1
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝑥
c. lim |𝑥| = 𝐷𝑁𝐸
𝑥→0

M.A. SALAZAR, A. CABATAÑA, R. CORNELIO

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