STS Reviewer Midterms 2nd Sem

Precolonial Science and Technology

Slow pacing of the spread of science and
technology in the Philippines because of the
following obstacle (Bernard 2016)
- Archipelagic Condition Of The Country
- The Different Dialects Which Shows
Diversity
- Not Open To New Ideas For Agriculture
- The Strong Belief To Superstitious
Moon Phases act as Time Markers

The Use of Science and Technology in Precolonial

Era
A. Baybayin
- The pre-colonial beautiful ancient writing
script of the islands of the Philippines

B. Concept of Time
- Pre-colonial Filipinos has no clocks to
show the hours or minute.

Length/ Distance
Philippines Foreign
measuring unit Equivalent
(Estimate)
Piranggot ½ inch
Sandamak 4 inches
Dangkal 8 inches
Talampakan 12 inches
Bisig 16 inches
Povedano Calendar Dipa 68 inches
Volume
Salok 80 mL
Saro 250 mL
Mangkok 400 mL
Mass/Weight
Dakot 10 g
Guhit 100 g
Kagitna ½ kg
Gatang 1 kg
Modern Calendar Chimanta 6 kg
Kaban 25 kg
TIME
Kisapmata 0.5 sec
Saglit 1 sec
Sandali 60 sec

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- The institute of Science was reorganize in

1951, Renamed institute of science and
technology
Science and Technology During Spanish Regime
- In 1952, the commission on volcanology
(1521-1898)
was also created and placed under the
The Galleon Trade national reseaech council of the
Philippines (NRCP)
- Negative result, it has negative effect on - Also in 1952, The Institute of Nutrition
economic development in the Philippines. was created, the Science Foundation of
- Neglect of native extractive industries like The Philippines (SFP) was also
agriculture established and put along with the
Governador Jose Basco Y. Vargas institute of science.
- Consequently, congress enacted the
- Founder of real Sociedad economica de science act of 1958
los amigos del pais de filipina
The Philippine Atomic Energy Commission
Leon Ma. Guerrero
The act also created the Philippine Atomic Energy
- Father of Philippines pharmacy Commission (PAEC) and the National Institute of
Science and Technology (NIST)
Significant Tertiary Educational Institutions
that were founded during the Spanish In the year 1960s several science research oriented
colonization. agencies were established by Philippine laws
- Colegio De manila A. Philippines Inventors Commission (1964)
- Colegio De San Ildefonso B. Philippine Coconut Research Institute
- University of Santo Tomas (1964)
C. Philippine Textile Research Institute
(1967)
Science and Technology During American D. Forest Products Research and
Regime (1898- 1935) E. Industries Development Commission
(1969)
- Government laboratory The science act created the National
- PGH in 1947 Science Development Board (NSDB)

Science and Technology During Commonwealth Science and Technology During Marcos Era
Period (1935-1946) (1965-1985)
- Phil Pres. Manuel L. Quezon Jan 23, 1967 – Sona, emphasized science was
Science and Technology Since Independence essential for research and development programs.
( 146-1965) Jan 22, 1968 – 3rd SONA, acknowledged that
Independence in 1946 technology was the foremost factor in economic
development and channeled additional funds to
- There is no significant innovation in the support projects in applied science and science
education and training of scientist and education.
engineers
Jan 27, 1969 – 4th SONA, funds were allocated to
Highlighted Events: private universities and urged them to create
courses in science, technology and research.
- There has been an increased in the
creation of government science agencies April 6, 1968 - He proclaim 35 hectares in
since 1946 Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the Philippine
- In 1947, The Bureau of Science was science community
organized into an institute of science
- Scientific work in government suffered Jan 16, 1970 – 5th SONA, emphasis on the
from a lack of support, planning and enhancement and improvement of science
coordination during the early postwar curricula
years

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1. Philippine Coconut Research Institute was 1. Exporting winners identified by the dti;
integrated with NSDB to upgrade the coconut
2. Domestic needs identified by the president’s
industry
council for countryside development;
2. The NSDB also established the Philippine
3. Support industries and
Textile Research Institute.
4. Coconut industry development
3. The Philippine Atomic Energy Commission of
the NSDB explored the uses of atomic energy for
economic development.
Congress, During His Term, Was Able To Enact
4. Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the The Following Laws That Were Significant For
NSDB to modernize the coconut industry. The Field
Jan 24, 1972 - 7th SONA he spoke about his major 1. Magna carta for science and technology
development projects in reforming sectors of personnel (Republic Act No. 8439)
education .
2. Science And Technology Scholarship Law Of
1976 - He enacted a law under Presidential 1994 (Republic Act No. 7687)
Degree no. 1003-a, s. 1976 to establish the
National Academy of Science and Technology 3. Inventors and inventions incentives act
(Republic Act No. 7459)
Science and The Fifth Republic (1986 – Present)
4. The intellectual property code of the philippines
- The major contribution of president (Republic Act No.8293)
Corazon Aquino for the development of
science and technology are the following:
Proclamation of executive order no. 128 President Joseph Estrada
- Known as the “Reorganization Of The National Signed Two Major Legislations, Namely;
Science And Technology Authority”, Thus
creating the technology application and promotion 1. Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act
institute (TAPI) No. 8749) which was designed to protect and
preserve the environment and ensure the
Republic act 6655 sustainable development of its natural resources
- Science for the masses program aimed at
encouraging children who had passion in science 2. Electronic Commence Act of 2000 (Republic
and technology to study for free. Act No. 8792) which ban computer hacking and
provides opportunities for new businesses
Presidential task force emerging from the internet- driven new economy
- For science and technology alleviating and
envisioning the status of the Philippines to be the
next industrialized country.
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
April 28, 1992
Bestowed as the “golden age” era for science and
- President Corazon C. Aquino signed Republic
technology by then secretary Estrella Alabastro.
Act no. 7459, titled “an act providing incentives to
Filipino inventors and expanding the functions of 1. R.A. 9367 or the “biofuels” act. This act
the technology application and promotion promotes the development and usage of biofuels
institute, appropriate funds therefor, and for other throughout the country
purposes”
2. R.A. 10601 WHICH IMPROVES THE
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTOR
THROUGH MECHANIZATION (AFmech). R.A.
President Fidel V. Ramos
10601 covers research, development, and
During His Term, He Was Able To Establish extension (RDE)
Programs That Were Significant To The Field Of
3.R.A. 10055 otherwise known as the technology
Science And Technology
transfernact of 2009
In 1993, science And Technology Agenda For
National Development (Stand) Was Established
Which Prioritized The Following Areas:

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SONA in 2001, president Arroyo emphasized the President Rodrigo Duterte

role of technology in future economic - In 2018, Signed the REPUBLIC ACT NO.
development 11035 or the Balik Scientist act.

- This law provides incentives and assistance to

President’s efforts resulted in the accomplishment returning Filipino experts, scientist, inventors, and
of five broad tier of S&T programs (“PGMA’s engineers.
support to science community”, 2010). These
programs include: - 189 scientists per Million, Balik Scientist
program. But it was only implemented until 1986
1. Research and development programs,
2. S&T Human Resource Development Programs
“History is a guide to navigation in perilous times.
3. Scientific And Technological Services History is who we are and why we are the way we
4.S&t Promotion And Information Services, And are.” – David McCullough

5. Scientific Linkages And International Filipino Scientists

Cooperation. Overview
- This lesson is about Filipino scientists
President Benigno Aquino III wherein academicians, educators and
- In 2014, President Benigno Aquino III conferred medical doctors were considered
four new national scientist for their contribution in scientists due to the researches they have
the scientific field, namely conducted, their recognition in the local
and international environment that made
an immense contribution to the
improvement of the society. 

Scientific Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to 
• Identify the Filipino scientists and their
contribution in the society 
• Determine the impact of the Filipino scientists’
accomplishments in the society

Fe V. Del Mundo
Dr. Fe V. Del Mundo (Nov. 27, 1911- Aug. 6,
2011) is credited with the invention of medical
incubator and jaundice relieving device.
She had an active medical practice in the field of
pediatrics in the Philippines that spanned eight
decades and founded a children’s hospital (Bellis,
2019).
The Children’s Medical Center, a 100-bed hospital
located in Quezon City, was inaugurated in 1957
as the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines and
was expanded in 1966 through the establishment
of an Institute of Maternal and Child Health.
Del Mundo entered the University of the
Philippines at the age of 15. After receiving an
Associate in Arts degree, she proceeded to study
at the university’s medical school. In 1933, she

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graduated with the highest honors, received her lives from a potential flash flood (Life’s
medical degree, and was awarded a medal as the Documentation, 2009).
“Most Outstanding Scholar in Medicine” by the
Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas (Paras,
2018). William G. Padolina
She was awarded as National Scientist of He started as a Research Assistant at UPLB and
became a professor of Chemistry at the
the Philippines, Elizabeth Blackwell Award
University.
for Outstanding Service to Mankind (1966),
He also served as Director of the UPLB
Ramon Magsaysay Award for Outstanding National Institute of Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology (BIOTECH) (IRRI, n.d.).
Public Service (1977), names
His expertise and interests are in the areas of
Outstanding Pediatrician and Humanitarian
• research management
by the International Pediatric Association
• science policy
(1977) (Bellis, 2019).
• technology transfer
Abelardo B. Aguilar
• secondary plant metabolism
Dr. Abelardo B. Aguilar (Nov. 3, 1917 – Sep. 22,
1993) as a medical representative then, worked for • biotechnology
the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and
• intellectual property rights
Company.
• chemistry of the coconut – production of novel
He sent soil samples from Iloilo for testing in
derivatives of coconut fatty acids
1949 (Filipiknow, 2019).
• medicinal plant chemistry – isolation,
A new source of antibiotic was found and the drug
identification and biological testing of novel
was called “Erythromycin”
constituents of Philippine medicinal plants.
It was used as an alternative for penicillin-allergic
• promotion of natural products
patients.
Artemio M. Salazar
“Oral administration is effective in one hour and
the drug is detectable in the bloodstream for eight He is a Professor in the College of Agriculture in
hours” (The News Today, 2005). UPLB where he teaches advanced plant breeding
methods and basic population and quantitative
Generically named Erythromycin, the company
genetics
christened it Ilosone (it was also called Ilotycin) to
commemorate its origin in Iloilo. He was one of the Asian Scientist 100 last 2019.
Raymundo S. Punongbayan He headed his team in producing the IPB Quality
Protein Maize Var.6 that is used in the rice-corn
He was the former director of the Philippine
(RiCo) blend as food staple for Filipinos (UPLB,
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
2019).
(PHIVOCS) from 1983 to 2002.
IPB VAR 6 is a white flint corn, one of those they
He was recognized internationally as an authority
call QPM or Quality Protein Maize. (Sarian,
in volcanological and seismological phenomena
2017)
(Life’s Documentation, 2009).
According to Dr. Salazar, they have acquired
His initial investigations gave warnings about the
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) because they have
possible eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 that
found out that it improved the nutritional status
helped in the evacuation of the people.
and health of poor Africans.
After 10 years of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, he
The QPMVar 6, also known as High Lysine and
led his team to dig a 5 meter deep drainage
Tryptophan Corn in 2000.
channel on the side of Mt. Pinatubo to spill off
about a quarter of the swollen volcanic lake that IPB Var 6 contains 66.2 percent more lysine than
formed since the eruption. This helped saved more the regular white corn.

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It also contains more tryptophan, protein content, patterned shell is coveted by collectors.”
dietary fiber, minerals, and anti-oxidants than rice (“Geographic”)
alone (Bureau of Agricultural Research, 2012).
Rody G. Sy
Marissa A. Paglicawan
Dr. Rody G. Sy practices internal medicine and a
Dr. Marissa A. Paglicawan is Scientist 1 and head cardiologist since 1975 (Filipino Doctor, n.d).
of the Advanced Materials Section at the Materials
He is a professor at the University of the
Science Division at DOST ITDI.
Philippines and Chairman and President of the UP
She was also included in the Asian Scientist 100 Medical Alumni Foundation Incorporation (UP,
(Manila Bulletin, 2019). 2018).
Her research includes turning Manila hemp or He has focused on hypertension, diabetic heart
abaca into an engineering disease, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, and
atherosclerosis, a disease in which a plaque, such
material (Manila Bulletin, 2019).
as fat and cholesterol, build up in the arteries of
She was awarded the 2018 Gregorio Zara Award the heart (Business Mirror, 2018).
for Applied Science Research. Dr. Paglicawan
His research in 2009, called LIFE course study in
headed the project of DOST’s ITDI of using abaca
Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology, studied
fiber in “Tryk ni Juan” which is a common
factors leading to development of cardiovascular
motorized tricycle.
diseases.
The driver’s roof and sidecar are made of abaca
It has initiated follow-up researches, including
fiber.
health evaluation questionnaire (Business Mirror,
This is combined with resin to form a composite 2018).
producing a lightweight, cheap, corrosion-
Fabian M. Dayrit
resistant and provide good insulation, making it a
good substitute material for stainless steel and Dr. Fabian M. Dayrit is a Philippine educator and
galvanized iron (Newsbytes, 2018). scientist.
Lourdes J. Cruz He is a professor of chemistry at Ateneo de
Manila University and the current director of the
Dr. Lourdes J. Cruz was chosen as the first
National Chemistry Instrumentation Center
Filipino winner of the 2010 L'oréal-UNESCO
(Prabook, n.d.).
"ForWomen In Science Awards."
He is recognized for his outstanding scientific
She helped discover a snail toxin a thousand times
researches in the field of chemistry, spectroscopy
more powerful than morphine (ABS-CBN News,
and environmental science.
2009).
His research in natural products has led to a better
She was a National Scientist based at the
understanding of bioactives and the identification
University of the Philippines-Diliman.
of a new compound from indigenous plants
She was recognized for her scientific particularly lagundi.
contributions in the field of biochemistry,
He has explored the use of nuclear magnetic
particularly on the isolation and characterization
resonance for chemical analysis as well as
of the venom called conotoxins from marine cone
structural analysis of polysaccharides, especially
snails during the 1970s to 80s (DOST, 2012).
carrageenan from Philippine seaweeds (Spheres,
In 2001, Dr. Cruz established the Rural Livelihood 2016).
Incubator also known as Rural LINC Program.
He has developed a methodology using Gas
This program was established to mobilize science Chromatography coupled with high resolution
and technology to alleviate poverty. Mass Spectrometry for low-level analysis of
various compounds, including 3-MCPD in soy
This project involves building a fruit processing sauce and drugs in urine (Spheres, 2016).
facility run by women farmers where the
indigenous tribes can sell fruits from the orchards He was the project leader of the DOST Roadmap
and forest trees” (DOST, 2012). for Nanotechnology Development in the
Philippines, which identified the priority areas for
“The most deadly of the nearly 500 species of
cone snails, the geographic cone’s intricately

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the development of nanotechnology R&D in the Elmer P. Dadios

country.
Dr. Elmer P. Dadios is a Full Professor at the
He is also a member of various scientific and Manufacturing Engineering and Management
professional societies which include the Department, Gokongwei College of Engineering
Philippine-American Association of Science and of De La Salle University.
Engineering (PAASE), Natural Products Society
He is a University Fellow and holds the highest
of the Philippines (NPSP), National Research
faculty rank of Full Professor 10.
Council of the Philippines and the American
Chemical Society (Integrated Chemists of the His research interests include artificial
Philippines, 2012). intelligence, evolutionary systems, fuzzy logic,
manufacturing processes, neural networks,
Last June 28, 2019, he was conferred the title
robotics, software engineering, automation and
Professor Emeritus-teacher, scholar and leader of
intelligent systems (Annual Public Policy
the highest rank at the Loyola School of the
Conference, n.d.).
Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU, 2019).
Dadios is a multi-awarded educator and scholar.
Dr. Dayrit was doing an experiment on virgin
His international awards include the Best Paper
coconut oil in vitro as a potential treatment against
Presentation at the 27th Annual Conference of the
SARS-Cov-2 (COVID -19).
IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Denver,
He believed that coconut oil when ingested into USA, December 2001); and at the IECON-2000
the body, the body’s lipase enzymes release active Fellows at the IEEE International Conference on
compound metabolites- mainly monolaurin and Industrial Electronics, Control and
lauric acid, which have the physicochemical Instrumentation (Nagoya, Japan, October 2000).
property of being able to destroy the membrane of
He is a consultant for both the government and
lipid-coated viruses. (IFTNEXT, 2020)
private corporations on software and hardware
Caesar A. Saloma development in the area of robotics and intelligent
systems application.
On June 26,2007, this project received a US
patent (No. 7,235,988) (UPD,n.d.). He is the president of NEURONEMECH
Incorporation.
He is interested in confocal laser scanning
microscopy, interferometry, signal and image Dadios is founder and past president of the
processing, neural networks and complex adaptive Mechatronics and Robotics Society of the
systems and in the development of efficient Philippines.
models for describing the dynamics of real-world
He is a Senior Member of the Institute of
systems that involve a large number of interacting
Electrical and Electronics Engineer (IEEE)
agents (UPD, n.d.).
(Annual Public Policy Conference, n.d.).
Ricardo S. Balog
He is editor of the Journal of Advanced
Engr. Ricardo S. Balog of the Department of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent
Mechanical Engineering is one of the 2019 The Informatics of Japan and Associate Editor of the
Asian Scientist 100, released on May 5, 2019 International Journal for Manufacturing S&T of
(UST, 2019). USA and Federation of International Robot-
Soccer Association (FIRA) Newsletter.
Balog was the former Assistant Dean of the
Faculty of Engineering. Rosalinda C. Torres
He received the 2018 Mario Cruel Award for Dr. Rosalinda C. Torres was recognized as one of
Advanced Engineering Technology Application, the Asian Scientist 100 in 2019.
for his research on low-cost medical devices
She is presently the Chief at the Standards and
(Asian Scientist 100, 2019).
Testing Division of DOST-ITDI and studies
Among Balog’s innovations are: a low-cost, mostly on applications of chemistry on natural
multi-purpose, adjustable, and self-restraining products, drug discovery as well as medicinal and
retractor used by surgeons in performing surgery pharmaceutical chemistry (Manila Bulletin, 2019).
on a patient’s abdominal area; and an orthopaedic
Her interests are on larvicidal potential of
device used to correct misaligned / dislocated
Philippine medicinal plants like avocado,
bones, particularly a patient’s lower limb bones
guyabano, and pomelo. These plants, based on her
(UST, 2019).

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studies, have extracts that are toxic for pests like microbial inactivation and quality deterioration
mosquito while in their larva stage (Manila rates in food.
Bulletin, 2019).
These models may be used in the determination of
Dr. Torres has conducted researches on natural precise food processing schedules with the
products that have resulted in the development of recommended lethality against microorganisms,
health supplements, personal care products, and and minimal effects on the desirable nutritional,
plant products with insectidal properties physicochemical, and sensory quality of food
(Scientific Career System, n.d.). (Pinoy Scientist, 2016).
Novel analgesic products (balm, gel and massage Gay Jane P. Perez
oil) and mosquito repellent were produced from
Dr. Gay Jane P. Perez finished BS Applied Physics
her work in essential oil extraction. These are
in 2003, Master of Science in Physics in 2005 and
supported with biological and clinical trials
Doctorate in Physics, all at UP Diliman.
(Scientific Career System,n.d.).
She is an associate professor from the Institute of
More recently, she and co-workers identified five
Environmental Science and Meteorology at the
plants with larvicidal, ovicidal, and adulticidal
University of the Philippines (UP) in Diliman,
activities for the control of mosquito dengue
Quezon City (Bunachita, 2018).
vector and have developed products for which
several patents have been applied for (Scientific She was the first Filipino to be awarded the
Career System, n.d.). ASEAN-US Science Prize for Women. She
received a $20,000 cash prize from the US
Alonzo A. Gabriel
government and its private partner, Underwriters
Dr. Alonzo A. Gabriel is an associate professor of Laboratories (UL), a global safety science
food science at the College of Home Economics company (Inquirer,2018).
(CHE), UP Diliman.
Perez’s award-winning research focuses on using
He is a member of various professional societies, satellite data to forecast drought and identify the
among them the Saint Gallen of Japan, European ideal planting areas and seasons that could result
Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious in improved crop yield.
Diseases (Germany), and the International
She led the DOST Philippines- Microsat program
Association for Food Protection (USA).
that successfully sent into orbit Diwata-1 in 2016
He obtained his PhD in Bio-functional Science (Good News Pilipinas, 2018).
and Technology (Food
“Farmers can be advised early on where to plant
Microbiology and Hygiene) from Hiroshima and what to plant, and if there’s drought, when to
University in Japan (SPHERES, irrigate,” Perez explained (Bunachita, 2018).
2016). Dr. Gay Jane Perez was a postdoctoral fellow at
the National Aeronautics and Space
He is a recipient of the 2013 Outstanding Young
Administration (NASA) in the United States when
Scientist Award (for the field of Microbiology and
she realized how much data can be culled from
Hygiene) from the National Academy of Science
satellite images (Bunachita, 2018).
and Technology, the TOYM 2013 (The
Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines) for Dr. Perez started working on drought forecasting
Food Science and Technology, the 2013 IUFoST in different farm areas in provinces like Ilocos
(International Union of Food Science and Norte, Nueva Ecija, Bicol, Cebu, Iloilo and
Technology) Young Scientist Excellence Award, Bukidnon through satellite images from Diwata 1
and the 2014 Gregorio Y. Zara Award for Applied and 2. (Bunachita, 2018)
Research of the Philippine Association for the
Reinabelle C. Reyes
Advancement of Science or PhilAAS (SPHERES,
2016). Dr. Reinabelle “Reina” C. Reyes graduated
valedictorian in Philippine Science High School
He is particularly interested in ‘Hurdle Food
where she trained for the National Physics
Technology,’ which is the application of multiple
Olympiad in her junior year.
mild food processing technologies to achieve food
safety and food quality. She finished her Bachelor of Science in Physics at
Ateneo de Manila University and graduated
The term ‘Precision Food Processing,’ he used,
summa cum laude.
involves the establishment of models that estimate

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She earned her Masters in high energy Physics at Her current research is on the analysis of the water
the Abdus Salam International Center for quality in Anda and Bolinao, two of the towns in
Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy (Sacris, Western Pangasinan that breed bangus (milkfish).
2016).
Ferrera studies the amount of phosphorus – one of
She obtained a PhD in Astrophysics from the nutrients that support the growth of algae and
Princeton University in 2011. other aquatic plants (Panela, 2018).
She received the Chambliss Astronomy An excessive amount of phosphorus in the water
Achievement Student Award from the American and sediments lead to phosphorus pollution, and is
Astronomical Society for her research on linked to harmful algal blooms or red tide.
“obscured quasars”. Harmful algal blooms could be toxic for marine
life, and are often linked to a localized die-off of
At Princeton University, she studied the mass
the fish population or fish kill (Panela, 2018).
profiles of disk galaxies, observing at different
scales, imaging, long-slit spectroscopy and weak
gravitational lensing (Sacris, 2016).
HUMAN FLOURISHING IN SCIENCE AND
Among Dr. Reyes’ contributions to the field of TECHNOLOGY
science include expanding Einstein’s Theory of
"all humans seek to flourish. It’s the proper and
General Relativity across galaxies outside of our
desired end of all of our actions."
solar system, earning her the status of being "The
Filipina who proved Einstein right" (Asian -Aristotle
Scientist, 2016).
Happiness according to Psychology
Stressing the importance of science research,
Reyes says: Positive or pleasant emotions ranging from
contentment to overwhelming joy can describe a
“My hope for scientific research in the mental or emotional state of well-being.
Philippines is for it to continue to deepen and
grow. We have so much to contribute to world Happiness according to Behaviorists
knowledge by studying our geologically and or pleasant = good or positive
ecologically rich land and water, and our
sociologically and culturally rich communities. Happiness according to Neurologists
We have so much to gain from applying
The experience of surge of hormones released into
appropriate technologies to our industries – from
the brain as a reward for a behavior that continues
agriculture and fisheries to manufacturing and
survival.
analytics. We will be a smarter nation as a whole
if we teach kids to think like scientists – to Happiness according to The Hedonistic View
formulate hypotheses and put them to the test, and
to not believe anything just because someone The opposite of suffering, signifying the absence
(usually, of authority) said so” (Sacris, 2016). of pain. Hedonists believe that the purpose of life
is to maximize happiness while minimizing
Charissa M. Ferrera suffering.
Dr. Charissa M. Ferrera was also recognized as Eudaimonia
one of the Asian Scientist 100 this year 2019. She
is a university researcher that specializes in The term defined the ideology by combining the
marine biogeochemistry (Panela, 2018). Greek words for "good" and "spirit."

She won the 2018 L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women Eudaimonia defines happiness as the desire for
in Science Fellowship for her research on personal improvement. Eudaimonists achieve this
improving water quality in coastal towns through pushing themselves academically or
(OVPAA-UP, n.d.). participating in activities that enrich their spiritual
lives.
She graduated from UP Diliman in her bachelor’s
degree in Chemistry (2004) and MS Marine good-spirited
Science (2012). coined by the Greek philosopher Aristotle
She took her PhD in Mechanical and Describe the pinnacle of happiness that is by
Environmental Informatics (2016) at the Tokyo humans.
Institute of Technology in Japan (Panela, 2018).

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"human flourishing" (or being-in-potency or potency, as Aristotelians

prefer to call it) possesses genuine being, but it
Aristotle
sits between emptiness and being-in-action. A
Aristotle, the Greek philosopher and founder of match, for example, has the ability to spark on fire
the Stoic religion, taught that people acquire when struck. The actualities of a thing determine
virtues through practice and that a set of concrete its potencies.
virtues could lead a person toward his natural
In ancient Greek civilization, they believed that
excellence and [Link] believed that
obtaining NICOMACHEAN would invariably
human flourishing requires a life with other
provide satisfaction to the seeker, which is
people. Happiness is that which is desired for it's
ETHICS. They are able to participate in the larger
own sake with all other things being desired on its
concept of what we term the Good as a result of
account.
this effect.
There are 3 main types of happiness, these being
related to;
- As time changes, elements that comprise
Pleasure -its related benefits are relatively short
human flourishing changed.
term
- People found means to live more
Passion - contentment in the medium term and comfortably, explore more places,
provide a sense of achievement develop more products, and make more
money.
Purpose - a deep sense of fulfillment and long- - Humans of today are expected to become
term happiness. “man of the world.”
Nicomachean Ethics - Supposed to situate himself in a global
neighborhood, working side by side
Aristotle states in Nicomachean Ethics that we among institutions and the government to
must have acted deliberately in order to be be able to reach a common goal.
deemed morally accountable. Two things must be
true in particular: a person must be in control of
their activities and aware of what they're doing.
Human flourishing arises as a result of different
components such as:
Phronesis
- According to Aristotle, is a "real state, reasoned,
and capable of action with regard to." "Phronesis
encompasses both analytical and scientific
knowledge." (episteme) and technical knowledge
(techne), as well as judgments and conclusions. - Every discovery, innovation, and success
contributes to our pool of human
Friendship knowledge.
- Based on goodness in the Nicomachean Ethics: - Human’s perpetual need to locate himself
This sort of friendship occurs when both persons in the world by finding proofs to trace
sense the good in one other. We learn about one evolution.
other's fundamental views, moral compass, - Elicits our idea of self-importance.
devotion to problems, commitment to family, - Technology is a human activity we excel
social and political outlooks, and desire to help in as a result of achieving science.
others as we grow older. (Heidegger)
- Good is inherently related to the truth.
Wealth
SCIENCE AS METHODS AND RESULTS
- According to Aristotle, is not happiness since it
is merely an economic value that can be utilized to - Science stems from objectivity brought
achieve happiness; wealth is merely a means to a upon by a rigid method.
goal. - Claim to reason and empiricism

Power The scientific method is a technique that looks for

measurable results through testing and analysis.

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Science is based on facts rather than personal - If an alternative hypothesis is accepted, a

preferences or opinions. The scientific method is discipline is considered scientific if it can
designed to test ideas through study. be confirmed or interpreted.
- Takes into account measurable outcomes
and repeatable experiences.
It is the method of establishing objective facts by - Empiricism is valued highly.
testing and experimenting. Making an
VIENNA CIRCLE
observation, creating a hypothesis, making a
prediction, conducting an experiment, and lastly Group of scholars who believed that:
interpreting the results are all part of the
fundamental process.
- Only the visible ones should be regarded
significant.
- Those that cannot be reached directly
should be rejected as useless.

FALSIFICATION THEORY
- We should embrace an idea as long as it
hasn't been demonstrated to be wrong and
can explain a phenomenon better than
competing hypotheses.
Steps in Scientific Method - Allows for the formation of hypotheses
that would otherwise be rejected by
1. Observe and determine if unexpected events are verification theory.
happening. - Encourages research to uncover whether
2. Determine the problem and what caused it theories can be falsified.

3. Formulate a hypothesis that might explain the

phenomena based on your previous experience KARL POPPER
with comparable situations. In an ideal situation, Sir Karl Raimund Popper was a philosopher,
the aim is to reject the null hypothesis and accept scholar, and social commentator of Austrian and
the alternative hypothesis of the research "to count British descent. Popper, one of the most
as significant" (this may also be dissolved into prominent philosophers of science in the twentieth
further phrases such as "to create prediction" or century, is best known for rejecting classical
"to infer from previous experiments." inductivist ideas on the scientific process in favor
4. Conduct an experiment by setting dependent of empirical falsification.
and independent variables and trying to discover
how the independent factors impact the
dependent. Human Flourishing As Reflected In Progress
And Development
5. Formulate a conclusion and provide
suggestions in the event that others choose to What is Human Flourishing
expand the investigation.
Human flourishing is the ability to live a good
VERIFICATION THEORY life. Rooted in Aristotelian Ethics, it values health
intrinsically and applies universally to all human
- A discipline is science if it can be lives. It embraces our shared humanity and serves
confirmed or interpreted in the event of an everyone's interest. All people should have the
alternative hypothesis being accepted. conditions for flourishing and realizing their
- Premium on empiricism ability to be healthy.
- Takes into account those results which are
measurable and experiments which are Human Flourishing is important because it
repeatable. promotes the growth, development, and holistic
- The idea is that a discipline is scientific if well-being of individuals and populations. It
it can be confirmed or interpreted if the serves as a moral basis for what it means to be a
alternative hypothesis is accepted. human being.

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Humans have attained certain progresses that we rich countries." He argues that we need to stop
lack before. Mortality rates are lowered due to less thinking of growth as the answer to eradicating
death due to diseases and childbirth. Life spans poverty, but instead try to encourage richer
have increased because of better medical care and countries to tone down their excesses.
health conditions. Literacy rates also increased
What does this mean for our theory of
through better access to education and more
development?
alternatives or modes of learning. Flourishing on
the other hand is more than just being happy- According to Hickel, solutions to achieving this
although that's a part of it. They can use their goal include banning advertising a shorter
values, talents and abilities in pursuit of their own working week, and a basic income. Hickel warned
goals and health. us that if we insist of too much growth, the
environment will stop us from growing, and that
we will up on poverty, something that we aimed to
It is essential to develop a progress mindset how escape.
you perceive your talents, skills knowledge, and
Economist: Peter Edward
personality. Your belief system eventually
influences your viewpoints about goals and He is an American economist, and former
success. A fixed mindset can hinder your progress, President of the American Institute for Economic
while a progressive mindset will enable you to Research in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He
achieve sound health, happiness, good argues that instead of pushing poorer countries to
relationship, and peace. "catch up" with rich ones, we should be thinking
of ways to get rich countries to “catch down” to
How DO we Achieve it?
more appropriate levels of development.
Human Flourishing is supported at the individual
What does this mean for our theory of
and community levels. At the individual level, we
development?
can develop our abilities to flourish by:
According to Peter, We should look at societies
1st: Being committed to growing within, and
where people live long and happy lives relatively
developing, supportive and cultivating
low levels of income and consumption not as
environments that form our capabilities.
basket cases that need to be developed towards
2nd: Believing in ourselves and in our abilities western models, but as exemplars of efficient
living.
3rd: Knowing about our health and how to be
healthy What is Traditional Growth
4th: Being self-motivated to achieve the goals that - refers to the approach to growth and
we and society value. At the community level we development that humans used for
must be surrounded and supported by, and thousand of years across different
contribute collaboratively to, strong support cultures, continents and latitudes, pre-
systems, institutions, resources, norms and automobile cities, big and small, in
security that will help us all flourish. countless societies, and share an eerie
similarity of design.
How do we known we are progressing?
- It also talks about economic growth which
Major Indicators Of Development: can be distinguished from other social,
cultural, environmental, and political
Gross Domestic Product development issues in the society.
- (GDP) Poverty Level Per Traditional notion implies development in
- Capita GDP the scenes would means raised in per
- Higher Incomes And Life capital income and growth in the
- Expectance Levels Of Economic economy.
Development
- The Human Development Index (HDI) What is Consumption ?
Dr. Jason Hickel - Consumption is defined as the use of
He propose a solution that is different from what goods and services by a household. It is a
is usually thought of. In his article, "Forget component in the calculation of the Gross
developing poor countries, It's time to develop Domestic Product (GDP).

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- Macroeconomists typically use

consumption as a proxy for the overall
economy. An increase in consumption
raises GDP by same amount, it’s equal.
- When consumers' spending decreases, it
leads to failure in production.
- That’s why consumption function is
important because households
consumption decisions affect the way the
economy as a whole both in the long and
short run.
Technology and Human Flourishing
Technology has a big factor to Human flourishing
because technology makes our lives easier and it
eases our labor, cures diseases, provides abundant
food and clean water, enables communication and
travel across the globe, and expands our
knowledge of the natural world and the cosmos.

The stuff of science fiction is now, in many cases,

reality, and it can make our lives longer, healthier,
and more productive than ever.
Sustainable Development Goals
TO ERADICATE POVERTY BY 2030
GROWTH – STANDARD RESPONSE TO
ERADICATING POVERTY

Happy Reviewing LABYU GOISS

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