Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus: Cambridge O Level Literature in English 2010
Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus: Cambridge O Level Literature in English 2010
Cambridge O Level
Literature in English 2010
© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023 v1
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Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Worksheet 1: Text summary ........................................................................................................... 5
Worksheet 2: Character summaries and quotations ........................................................................ 8
Worksheet 3: Quiz ........................................................................................................................ 13
Quiz answers ................................................................................................................................ 15
Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
Introduction
This Teaching Pack supports teachers and learners when studying Cambridge O Level Literature
in English set texts.
Set texts regularly rotate on the syllabus and may change from one year of examination to the
next. Before you begin teaching, check the set text list for the year in which your candidates will
take their examinations.
Teachers may use this teaching pack to engage their learners when introducing a set text, or as a
revision tool. In this pack we have included some useful resources for you to use with your learners
including:
• an audio summary of the set text
• a summary of the set text
• character summaries and quotations
• an (online) quiz with answers.
You may ask your learners to create their own resources similar to these, around a text, which they
are studying.
The content of these set text resources will need to be expanded on to cover what candidates are
expected to know and be able to comment on in an examination.
To increase learners’ understanding and appreciation of the set text we recommend learners to set
up a reading log, which could include:
• brief synopses of chapters (in no more than a couple of sentences in their own words)
• a timeline of events (very useful when a narrative is arranged non-chronologically)
• a list or diagram of characters and their relationships with each other
• first impressions of main characters
• initial thoughts about the main themes or ideas in the text.
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
At Enugu
The opening short section is set on Palm Sunday after the family return from Church.
Palm Sunday Papa immediately shows his violence towards his family, throwing a heavy book at
(Breaking Gods) Jaja for missing communion, which breaks Mama’s figurines. Jaja is rebellious,
speaking his mind to Papa, despite the inevitable awful consequences, whereas
Kambili is terrified of upsetting her father further.
The story goes back in time as Kambili explains how everything fell apart:
Mama tells Kambili that she is pregnant and Kambili is overjoyed. After Mass, Papa
makes Mama visit Father Benedict, even though she is clearly unwell and has asked
to be excused. He later beats her for this and she loses the baby. In the world
outside, there is another military coup and Ade Coker, the editor of Papa’s
newspaper, has been taken away by soldiers.
Kambili has come second in her class. Papa is angry with her even though she has
done her best. He compares her privileged life to his own hardships as a boy and
declares that ‘God expects perfection’.
Ade Coker has been released from prison but there is a lot of unrest. The newspaper
will now be published in secret as Papa is afraid for his staff.
At Abba
The family go to their traditional home at Abba for Christmas, taking enough food and
gifts for the whole village. Papa prays for his father, Papa Nnukwu, in the hope that
he will be converted and ‘saved from hell’ because he is not a Christian but instead
worships the traditional gods. Papa allows Jaja and Kambili to visit their grandfather,
but only for 15 minutes, as it is ‘the home of a heathen’.
Before Palm Auntie Ifeoma, Papa Eugene’s sister, arrives with her three children, Amaka, Obiora
Sunday and Chima. They are warm and relaxed, but Kambili is awkward and uneasy, unused
(Speaking With to their free way of talking. Ifeoma talks about the political unrest in Nsukka, her
Our Spirits) hometown, and the problems with lack of fuel and food, in addition to strikes at the
University, where she is a lecturer.
Ifeoma takes all five children to see the traditional Mmuo festival. Kambili and Jaja
start to get to know their cousins better. Amaka cannot understand how they are not
allowed to do so many things when they have so much money and so many luxuries.
Kambili is shocked by Amaka’s self-confidence. Just before they go to church,
Kambili has stomach cramps so hurriedly eats some cereal, which is forbidden by
Papa just before Mass. When he comes into the kitchen unexpectedly, he lashes
Mama, Jaja and Kambili with his belt because they have ‘walked into sin’.
Papa agrees that Kambili and Jaja can go and stay in Nsukka with Ifeoma but he
gives them precise schedules which they must keep to every day. It is the first time
they have been away from Papa.
At Nsukka
Ifeoma’s flat is small and shabby but clean and homely. Kambili shares a room with
Amaka, who is not welcoming, mocking her luxurious lifestyle. Kambili is bewildered
by their everyday life: how they play music, chatter at mealtimes and seem to cope
effortlessly with poverty.
Father Amadi the local priest, comes for dinner; he is young, friendly and informal,
and notices that Kambili does not laugh, smile or want to speak, unlike her cousins.
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
However, Jaja begins to relax as their stay continues and chats easily with Ifeoma,
who encourages his growing independence.
Mama phones to say that soldiers have smashed up the newspaper offices and
taken Ade Coker into custody again.
Papa Nnukwu becomes very ill and Ifeoma fetches him to stay with them. Kambili
feels guilty and worried that her father will find out that their grandfather has stayed in
the same house as them. Jaja is unconcerned and is behaving much more like
Auntie Ifeoma’s children, enjoying Papa Nnukwu’s Igbo stories.
Father Amadi visits and takes Kambili to play football. She cannot take her eyes off
him and admits how attracted she is to him.
Papa Eugene has found out that Kambili and Jaja are now sharing the house with ‘a
heathen’ and declares that they must return home, but in fact Papa Nnukwu dies in
the night. Eugene arrives the next day and refuses to go to a ‘pagan’ funeral. As they
leave, Amaka gives a painting of Papa Nnukwu to Kambili, which she hides from her
father. Jaja brings some purple hibiscus stalks, which he hopes to grow.
At Enugu
On arriving home, they see that Mama has a swollen face and black eye. Papa
accuses Kambili and Jaja of giving in to evil by being with a heathen in secret and
severely punishes them.
The government is attempting to bribe Papa and Ade Coker not to publish a story but
they go ahead anyway. Papa is warned he may be assassinated but it is Ade Coker
who is killed by a bomb; Papa is distraught, blaming himself. He now seems ill and
has a ‘slowness’ in his actions.
Jaja and Kambili are looking at the painting of Papa Nnukwu when their father comes
in unexpectedly. He rips the painting into shreds and beats Kambili until she
becomes unconscious. She wakes in hospital, seriously ill. It is agreed that she will
go to Nsukka when she leaves hospital.
At Nsukka
Kambili admits to Amaka that she has a ‘crush’ on Father Amadi and also that it was
Papa who had caused her to be so ill. They become much more friendly. She goes
alone with Father Amadi to the football stadium and becomes closer to him.
The students riot to remove the head of the university and Ifeoma fears she will be
fired for supporting them. She admits she has asked a relative about emigrating to
America.
Mama arrives unexpectedly, looking unwell. She tells them that Papa has beaten her
and she has miscarried again. However, when Papa phones, despite Ifeoma’s
objections, Mama agrees to go back to Enugu with Kambili and Jaja, insisting that
Papa is unwell and carrying a heavy burden, supporting so many other people
financially. When Papa arrives to fetch them, he looks ill and tired. At home, Jaja
sees that the purple hibiscus stalks he planted from Nsukka are about to flower.
At Enugu
The next day is Palm Sunday, when Jaja does not go to communion and Papa
throws the book, breaking Mama’s figurines.
Kambili says that this is when ‘everything came tumbling down’. Mama is behaving
After Palm oddly and Jaja continues to defy Papa, who looks worse. Ifeoma phones to say that
Sunday she has been fired and has applied to go to America. Father Amadi is being sent to
Germany and Kambili is desperately upset. Jaja tells Papa that he and Kambili are
(The Pieces of immediately going to Nsukka. Surprisingly, Papa agrees.
Gods)
At Nsukka
Auntie Ifeoma has got her visa to America and they are leaving in two weeks. Father
Amadi leaves for Germany and agrees to write to Kambili. On Ifeoma’s final day in
Nsukka, the phone rings and it is Mama, saying that Papa Eugene has died. Kambili
is shocked and distressed.
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
At Enugu
Mama tells them that the autopsy has found poison in Papa’s body and she admits to
putting poison in his tea while they were away. However, when the police arrive, Jaja
confesses to the murder to protect his mother and he is taken away.
Jaja has been in prison for nearly three years and Mama and Kambili are visiting
him; Mama has told everyone that she is the guilty person but no-one has believed
her. They have heard that Jaja will be released in a week, after they have paid many
The Present
bribes.
(A Different Ifeoma is now working in America and Amaka writes to Kambili. Father Amadi also
Silence) writes to Kambili and she treasures his letters. Jaja is in poor condition both
physically and mentally, ‘full of guilt’ that he never did enough. Kambili tells Mama
that they will take Jaja to Nsukka and then to America to help him recover.
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
‘Have a love sip, he would say …. The tea was Kambili does not see anything odd in a father
always too hot, always burned my tongue. But it deliberately burning his child’s mouth. Instead,
didn’t matter, because I knew that when the tea she is reassured by this evidence of his
burned my tongue, it burned Papa’s love into me.’ apparently deep love for her. The repetition of
‘burned’ is disturbing, as is the metaphor of a
‘love sip’, a symbol of the unnatural co-existence
of both love and abuse.
‘Perhaps it was what we wanted to happen, Jaja Kambili and Jaja are looking at the painting of
and I, without being aware of it. Perhaps we all Papa Nnukwu when Papa comes in
unexpectedly, resulting in Kambili going to
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
‘She picked up an enterprising snail that was The hairdresser’s snails provide an unusual
crawling out of the basket (then) threw it back in. I metaphor for Kambili’s own struggles for
wondered if it was the same snail, crawling out, freedom. The basket represents her home in
being thrown back in, and then crawling out Enugu where she has been trapped. Encouraged
again. Determined, I wanted to buy the whole by her stays in Nsukka, she identifies with the
basket and set that one snail free.’ persistent snail and is now as determined to free
herself.
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
‘Eugene quarrels with the truths he does not like. Ifeoma understands her brother’s hypocrisy and
Our father is dying, …yet Eugene will not let him cruelty towards his father, which would certainly
into this house, will not even greet him.’ go against Christian teaching. It is an example of
Eugene’s extreme interpretation of his beliefs.
‘‘‘Imagine what the Standard would be if we were The irony of Ade’s statement about Papa’s
all quiet.” It was a joke. But Papa did not laugh. newspaper shouting the truth about government
Jaja and I turned and went back upstairs, corruption is not lost on the children, who ‘silently’
silently.’ leave, unable ever to have a voice at home. It
appears that Papa may also actually understand
this. Here, he is shown as both hero and villain.
‘You should not see sin and walk right into it. After Papa has poured boiling water on Kambili’s
Everything I do for you, I do for your own good.’ feet, he is trying to justify his actions. He had
been given the same punishment as a boy and
feels he had learned from it. He wants Kambili to
avoid ‘sin’ in future, by remembering the
consequences, and thus go to heaven.
(Auntie) Ifeoma
Ifeoma, Eugene’s younger sister, is a widow with three children – Amaka, Obiora and Chima. They are a
close-knit, happy family living in Nsukka, where Ifeoma is a university lecturer. They have ‘seen hard times’,
struggling financially, as Ifeoma is paid irregularly, and they often go without basic needs such as water,
electricity and meat. Their flat may reflect their poverty, but it ‘sparkles’ and is homely. Strong-minded Ifeoma
refuses financial help from Eugene because of the conditions he would place on her – not wearing make-up,
for example.
Despite being educated by missionaries at the same time as Eugene, Ifeoma’s Christian beliefs are
moderate and able to exist in parallel with Igbo traditions, which are still followed by their father, Papa
Nnukwu. Her role in the novel is to act as a counter-balance and contrast to Eugene’s fanatical Catholicism
and extreme behaviour, providing a refuge for Kambili and Jaja.
Ifeoma and her children are introduced to the novel at the family Christmas celebrations in Abba. It is
immediately obvious how different she is to her brother, Eugene. She is likeable, fun and easy-going; more
importantly, she is not afraid to stand up to him and disagree with his ideas. In fact, for several years she had
not spoken to him at all as he refused to allow their father to come to his house.
The way she brings up her children is in stark contrast to Eugene’s methods. This is seen both at Abba and
Nsukka. She insists that they help with chores so that everyone is fully involved in supporting the family, but
this is done in a cheerful, co-operative atmosphere. The humorous, teasing tone she uses with her children
and Papa Nnukwu is completely characteristic of her relationships with them. It is typical that her prayers ask
first and foremost for ‘peace and laughter’.
More seriously, she encourages the children to express opinions and show their individuality, as she does
herself. They all argue and debate, sometimes heatedly, but Ifeoma lays down boundaries and ensures they
respect one another; she is firm without being authoritarian. She is not afraid to challenge conventional
ideas, suggesting to her female students, for example, that they should not marry early but make sure they
are educated first, in a society where feminist ideas would not necessarily be welcome.
A major contrast between Ifeoma and Eugene is shown by their attitudes to Papa Nnukwu. She is close to
him and values maintaining links with his traditions, happily speaking both Igbo and English. She enjoys
taking the children and her father to the mmuo festival, but she is able to see the mmuo through a modern
woman’s eyes. She is angry at Eugene’s extremely hostile attitude to their father, even when he is dying.
Eugene judges him harshly for being ‘a pagan’ but Ifeoma says he should ‘stop doing God’s job’. This
disagreement reaches a climax after Papa Nnukwu dies when Ifeoma refuses to let Eugene arrange a
Catholic funeral, respecting her father’s beliefs.
Ifeoma is also a strong character and feminist at work, standing up against the corrupt leaders of the
university. She is fired for ‘disloyalty’ when, in fact, she is just ‘speaking the truth’. However, Ifeoma is also
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
pragmatic – she knows she does not have the power to win the fight and therefore decides to protect her
family’s future by emigrating to America. She understands that she will be valued and paid but, most
importantly, her children can study at university without disruption. She is ambitious for them.
Ifeoma’s impact on Kambili and Jaja is obvious throughout the novel. She acts as an example of a parent
who provides a normal family life and is the voice of love and reason. In this way, she can also be compared
to Mama Beatrice, who is unable to assert her own voice to protect her children. Kambili is completely
shocked by Ifeoma’s constant laughter and the way she encourages the children to argue. Even more
disturbing for her, Ifeoma is ‘flippant’ when talking to Eugene, not seeing him as ‘different, special’ as Kambili
does. Jaja, however, soon responds to Ifeoma’s care and warm attitude; he develops a special bond with
her, as she shares her love for gardening and nature with him. He starts to behave like one of her own
children as he is breaking free from Papa’s influence. As time goes on, Kambili begins to understand the
contrast with her own home; she appreciates and envies Ifeoma’s family and their relationships with one
another.
Ifeoma has recognised the need to rescue Kambili and Jaja from Eugene’s abuse, which is why she keeps
them at Nsukka whenever possible, insisting that Kambili returns there after leaving hospital. She also tries
to help Mama, who refuses to give in and leave Eugene, though this is later shown to be because she is
slowly poisoning him. By the end of the novel, Ifeoma and the children have emigrated to America, forced
out of Nigeria by the authorities. She is making a success of her life there.
‘…tall, exuberant, fearless, loud, larger than life.’ Kambili’s early impressions of Auntie Ifeoma
clearly describe her powerful appearance and
‘She walked fast, like one who knew just where
personality. She is unafraid to confront the many
she was going and what she was going to do
challenges in her life and has a clear vision of her
there.’
family’s future.
‘You are on holiday here and it is my house, so When Jaja gives her Papa’s study schedule, her
you will follow my own rules.’ response is to laugh. She then takes the papers
away, instructing them not to tell their father.
Ifeoma’s compassion, common sense and
independence make her unafraid to challenge
Papa’s inappropriate rules.
‘Laughter always rang out in Auntie Ifeoma’s Kambili gives a sense of the atmosphere in
house…it bounced around all the walls, all the Ifeoma’s house, a combination of joyful high
rooms. Arguments rose quickly and fell just as spirits and good-tempered debate. Ifeoma is
quickly…prayers were always peppered with frequently portrayed as ‘laughing’.
songs.’
‘She looked like a football coach who had done a She understands the importance of allowing her
good job with her team.’ children, her ‘team’, to develop their own
personalities and now sees how successful her
approach has been.
‘Defiance is not a bad thing when it is used right.’ Ifeoma is trying to help Jaja see that independent
thought and action are sometimes necessary,
though Kambili sees this idea as ‘sacrilege’.
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
Worksheet 3: Quiz
1. Papa Eugene’s newspaper, the Standard, gets an Award for supporting:
A) the government
B) the military
C) democracy
D) the University
3. Why does Kambili not wear trousers when Auntie Ifeoma suggests she should?
A) It is a very hot day
B) Mama has said they do not suit her as much as a skirt
C) Papa says it is a sin for a woman to wear trousers
D) She does not have any that fit her now that she has grown
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
8. After Papa Nnukwu has died, Papa Eugene is very unhappy that:
A) He had not seen his father before he died
B) The doctor had not looked after him properly
C) Ifeoma had not called for the Catholic priest to come
D) Kambili and Jaja will not be able to go to his funeral
10. ‘Kambili behaves funny. Even Jaja is strange. Something is not right with them.’ Who says this?
A) Auntie Ifeoma
B) Father Amadi
C) Obiora
D) Amaka
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Teaching Pack: Purple Hibiscus
Quiz answers
1. Papa Eugene’s newspaper, the Standard, gets an Award for supporting:
C) democracy
3. Why does Kambili not wear trousers when Auntie Ifeoma suggests she should?
C) Papa says it is a sin for a woman to wear trousers
8. After Papa Nnukwu has died, Papa Eugene is very unhappy that:
C) Ifeoma had not called for the Catholic priest to come
10. ‘Kambili behaves funny. Even Jaja is strange. Something is not right with them.’ Who says this?
D) Amaka
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