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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Los Vikingos)
"Real Madrid" redirects here. For the basketball team, see Real Madrid Baloncesto.
For other uses, see Real Madrid (disambiguation).
"Los Blancos" redirects here. For the Argentine village, see Los Blancos, Salta.
Real Madrid
Real Madrid [Link]
Full name Real Madrid Club de Fútbol[1]
Nickname(s) Los Blancos (The Whites)
Los Merengues (The Meringues)
Los Vikingos (The Vikings)[2]
La Casa Blanca (The White House)[3]
Founded 6 March 1902; 121 years ago
as Madrid Football Club[4]
Ground Santiago Bernabéu
Capacity 81,044[5]
President Florentino Pérez
Head coach Carlo Ancelotti
League La Liga
2021–22 La Liga, 1st of 20 (champions)
Website Club website

Home colours

Away colours

Third colours
Current season
Active departments of Real Madrid
Football [Link] Football [Link] Football [Link]
Football Football B Football U-19
Football [Link] Basketball [Link] Basketball [Link]
Women's Football Basketball Basketball B
Closed departments of Real Madrid
Football [Link] Handball [Link]
Football C Handball
Rugby union [Link] Volleyball (indoor) [Link]
Rugby Volleyball
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]
(listen), meaning Royal Madrid Football Club), commonly referred to as Real Madrid,
is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid who have been playing in La
Liga since 1929.

Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the club has traditionally worn a white
home kit since its inception. The honorific title real is Spanish for "royal" and
was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown
in the emblem. Real Madrid have played their home matches in the 81,044-capacity
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European
sporting entities, Real Madrid's members (socios) have owned and operated the club
throughout its history. The club is one of the most widely supported in the world,
[6] and was estimated to be worth $5.1 billion in 2022, making it the world's most
valuable football team.[7] In 2021, it was the second highest-earning football club
in the world, with an annual revenue of €640.7 million.[8] Real Madrid is the most
successful soccer club on social media, having the most followers among all the
popular social media platforms.[9]

Being one of the three founding members of La Liga that have never been relegated
from the top division since its inception in 1929 (along with Athletic Bilbao and
Barcelona), Real Madrid holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably El Clásico
with Barcelona and El Derbi Madrileño with Atlético Madrid. The club established
itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s and
60s, winning five consecutive and six overall European Cups and reaching a further
two finals. This success was replicated on the domestic front, with Madrid winning
twelve league titles in the span of 16 years. This team, which included Alfredo Di
Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento, and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in
the sport to be the greatest of all time.[10][11] Real Madrid is known for its
Galácticos policy, which involves signing the world's best players, such as
Ronaldo, Zidane, and David Beckham, to create a superstar team.[12] On 26 June
2009, Madrid signed Cristiano Ronaldo for a record breaking £80 million (€94
million);[13] he became both the club and history's all-time top goalscorer.[14]
[15][16][17]

In domestic football, the club has won 68 trophies; a record 35 La Liga titles, 19
Copa del Rey, 12 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga.[18]
In European football, Real Madrid have won a record 21 trophies;[note 1] a record
14 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups, and a record[note 2]
five UEFA Super Cups. In worldwide competitions, they have achieved a record eight
club world championships.[note 3] Madrid was ranked second in the International
Federation of Football History & Statistics Club World Ranking for 2000, 2002,
2014, 2017.[24]

Real Madrid was recognised as the best football club of the 20th century by FIFA
and as the best European club during the same timeframe by the IFFHS,[25] whilst
also receiving the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit in 2004.[26] Real Madrid is the
only club to have won three consecutive titles also known as three-peat in European
Cup/Champions League twice, first in 1955–56, 1956–57, and 1957–58, and second in
2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18. In May 2022, they won a record-extending fourteenth
Champions League title, making it five titles in the last nine seasons, which were
recognized by the Guinness World Records.[27] Real Madrid is the first club across
all of Europe's top five leagues to win 100 trophies in all competitions.[28] As of
March 2023, Real Madrid are ranked fifth in the UEFA club rankings.[29]

History
Main article: History of Real Madrid CF
See also: List of Real Madrid CF seasons
Early years (1902–1943)

Julián Palacios, the first president of the club in 1900–1902

Real Madrid's origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the
academics and students of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, which included
several Cambridge and Oxford University graduates. They founded (Sociedad) Sky
Football in 1897, commonly known as La Sociedad (The Society) as it was the only
one based in Madrid, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. In 1900, conflict
between members caused some of them to leave and create a new club, Nueva Sociedad
de Football (New Society of Football), to distinguish themselves from Sky Football.
Among the dissenters were Julián Palacios, recognized as the first Real Madrid
president, Juan Padrós and Carlos Padrós, the latter two being brothers and future
presidents of Real Madrid. In 1901, this new club was renamed as Madrid Football
Club. Later, following a restructuring in 1902, Sky was renamed as "New Foot-Ball
Club".[30][31][32] On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by Juan Padrós had
been elected, Madrid Football Club was officially founded.[4] The Padrós brothers
summoned other football enthusiasts to a meeting in the back room of Al Capricho,
the family business. They viewed football as a mass sport that should be accessible
to representatives of all social classes, and thought the new club should embody
that idea. The brothers proposed the name, Madrid Football Club, which was
unanimously accepted. The membership fee was also set, two pesetas a month, and the
color of the shirt was chosen to be white in honor of a famous English team
Corinthian F.C., which Juan Padrós had met on one of his trips.[33][34]

Madrid FC team in 1906

Three years after its founding, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first title after
defeating Athletic Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the
founding sides of the Royal Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909, when
club president Adolfo Meléndez signed the foundation agreement of the Spanish FA.
After moving between several grounds, the team relocated to the Campo de O'Donnell
in 1912.[35] In 1920, the club's name was changed to Real Madrid after King Alfonso
XIII granted the title of Real (Royal) to the club.[36]

In 1929, the first Spanish football league was founded. Real Madrid led the first
league season until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished
runners-up to Barcelona.[37] Real Madrid won its first league title in the 1931–32
season and retained it the following year.[38]

On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the Second Spanish Republic caused the club to
lose the title Real and the royal crown on its emblem, going back to being named
Madrid Football Club until the end of the Spanish Civil War. Football continued
during the Second World War, and on 13 June 1943, Madrid beat Barcelona 11–1 in the
second leg of the Copa del Generalísimo semi-finals, the Spanish Cup having been
renamed in honor of General Franco.[note 4][39] The first leg, played at the Les
Corts in Catalonia, had ended with Barcelona winning 3–0. Madrid complained about
all the three goals that referee Fombona Fernández had allowed for Barcelona,[40]
with the home supporters also whistling Madrid throughout, whom they accused of
employing roughhouse tactics, and Fombona for allowing them to. The newspaper Ya
reported the whistling as a "clear intention to attack the representatives of
Spain."[41] Barcelona fans were banned from traveling to Madrid. The day of the
second leg, the Barcelona team were insulted and stones were thrown at their bus as
soon as they left their hotel. Barcelona's striker Mariano Gonzalvo said of the
incident, "Five minutes before the game had started, our penalty area was already
full of coins." Barcelona goalkeeper Lluis Miró rarely approached his line—when he
did, he was armed with stones. As Francisco Calvet told the story, "They were
shouting: Reds! Separatists!... a bottle just missed Sospedra that would have
killed him if it had hit him. It was all set up."[42]

Real Madrid went 2–0 up within half an hour. The third goal brought with it a
sending off for Barcelona's Benito García after he made what Calvet claimed was a
"completely normal tackle". Madrid's José Llopis Corona recalled, "At which point,
they got a bit demoralized," while Ángel Mur countered, "at which point, we
thought: 'go on then, score as many as you want'."[43] Madrid made it 8–0 by half-
time; two goals were also ruled out for offside, and proceeded to score a further
three goals in the second half, to which Barcelona replied with a late consolation
goal.[44] According to football writer Sid Lowe, "There have been relatively few
mentions of the game [since] and it is not a result that has been particularly
celebrated in Madrid. Indeed, the 11–1 occupies a far more prominent place in
Barcelona's history. This was the game that first formed the identification of
Madrid as the team of the dictatorship and Barcelona as its victims."[40] Fernando
Argila, Barcelona's reserve goalkeeper from the 1943 match, said, "There was no
rivalry. Not, at least, until that game."[45]

Santiago Bernabéu and unprecedented success (1943–1978)

Alfredo Di Stéfano led the club to win five consecutive European Cups (currently
the Champions League).
Santiago Bernabéu became president of Real Madrid in 1943.[46] Under his
presidency, the club was rebuilt after the Civil War, and he oversaw the
construction of the club's current stadium, Estadio Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (now
known as the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu), and its training facilities Ciudad
Deportiva. Additionally, during the 1950s former Real Madrid Amateurs player Miguel
Malbo founded Real Madrid's youth academy, or "cantera," known today as La Fábrica.
Beginning in 1953, he embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class players from
abroad, the most prominent being Alfredo Di Stéfano.[47]

Amancio Amaro, captain of the Yé-yé team of the 1960s

In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by Gabriel Hanot, a French sports journalist
and editor of L'Équipe, Bernabéu, Bedrignan and Gusztáv Sebes created the European
Cup, a continental tournament for the league champions around Europe, which is
today known as the UEFA Champions League.[48] It was under Bernabéu's guidance that
Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European
football. The club won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960,
which included the 7–3 Hampden Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960.[47]
After these five consecutive successes, Real was permanently awarded the original
cup and earned the right to wear the UEFA badge of honor.[49] Real Madrid's
achievements in Europe were built upon its unprecedented domestic dominance, with
the club winning twelve league titles out of sixteen possible from 1953–54 to 1968–
69, including a five-in-a-row sequence in 1961–65, and finishing runners-up a
further three times.[50]

The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966, defeating Partizan Belgrade
2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of same nationality players, a first
in the competition.[51] This team became known as the Yé-yé. The name "Yé-yé" came
from the "Yeah, yeah, yeah" chorus in The Beatles' song "She Loves You" after four
members of the team posed for Marca and impersonated the Beatles.[52] The Yé-yé
generation was also European Cup runners-up in 1962[53] and 1964.[51] In the 1970s,
Real Madrid won six league championships and three Spanish Cups.[54] The club
competed in its first European Cup Winners' Cup in 1970–71 and progressed all the
way to the final, where it lost to English side Chelsea 2–1 in a replay.[55] On 2
July 1978, club president Santiago Bernabéu died while the World Cup was being
played in Argentina. FIFA decreed three days of mourning to honor him during the
tournament.[56] The following year, the club organized the first edition of the
Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu in memory of its former president.

Bernabéu had been Real Madrid's president for almost 35 years, during which his
club won 1 Intercontinental Cup, 6 European Cups, 16 league titles, 6 Spanish Cups,
2 Latin Cups, and 1 Copa Eva Duarte.[57]

Quinta del Buitre and sustained success (1980–2000)

Soccer Field [Link]

Casillas
Helguera
Karanka
Campo
Salgado
Roberto Carlos
McManaman
Redondo (C)
Anelka
Raúl
Morientes
2000 UEFA Champions League Final starting lineup
In the early 1980s, Real Madrid had lost its grasp on the Liga title until a new
cohort of home-grown stars brought domestic success back to the club.[58][59]
Spanish sport journalist Julio César Iglesias gave to this generation the name La
Quinta del Buitre ("Vulture's Cohort"), which was derived from the nickname given
to one of its members, Emilio Butragueño. The other four members were Manolo
Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel, and Miguel Pardeza; all five footballers were
graduates of Real Madrid's youth academy.[58][59] With La Quinta del Buitre
(reduced to four members when Pardeza left for Zaragoza in 1986) and notable
players like goalkeeper Francisco Buyo, right-back Miguel Porlán Chendo and Mexican
striker Hugo Sánchez, Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe
during the second half of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups, five Spanish
championships in a row, one Spanish Cup, and three Spanish Super Cups.[58][59] In
the early 1990s, La Quinta del Buitre split up after Martín Vázquez, Emilio
Butragueño and Míchel left the club.

In 1996, President Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach.[60] Although his
tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid were proclaimed league champions, and
players like Predrag Mijatović, Davor Šuker, Clarence Seedorf, Roberto Carlos and
keeper Bodo Illgner, arrived at the club to strengthen a squad that already boasted
the likes of Raúl, Fernando Hierro, and Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid
(with the addition of Fernando Morientes in 1997) finally ended its 32-year wait
for its seventh European Cup: in 1998, under manager Jupp Heynckes, they defeated
Juventus 1–0 in the final with a goal from Mijatović.[61]

In November 1999, Vicente del Bosque took over as coach. For the last season of the
century, 1999–2000, the squad was still led by the older veterans such as Fernando
Hierro, Fernando Redondo, Roberto Carlos and Raúl González. Real added the budding
young talents of Guti and Iker Casillas, supported by the arrival of Steve
McManaman and Nicolas Anelka from the English Premier League, alongside local
talents Míchel Salgado and Iván Helguera. In Del Bosque's first season in charge
Real won the Champions League for the eighth time, following a 3–0 victory over
Valencia in the final, with goals from Morientes, McManaman and Raúl.[62] This
victory marked the beginning of a successful period in Real Madrid's history.[63]

Florentino Pérez era (2000–2006)

See also: Galácticos
Soccer Field [Link]

César
Hierro (c)
Helguera
Salgado
Roberto Carlos
Makélélé
Figo
Solari
Zidane
Raúl
Morientes
2002 UEFA Champions League Final starting lineup
In July 2000, Florentino Pérez was elected club president.[64] He vowed in his
campaign to erase the club's €270 million debt and modernize the club's facilities.
However, the primary electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the
signing of Luís Figo from arch-rivals Barcelona.[65] The following year, the club
had its training ground rezoned and used the money to begin assembling the
Galácticos team by signing a global star every summer, which included Zinedine
Zidane, Ronaldo, Luís Figo, David Beckham and Fabio Cannavaro.[66] It is debatable
whether the gamble paid off, as despite winning the UEFA Champions League and an
Intercontinental Cup in 2002, followed by La Liga in 2003, the club failed to win a
major trophy for the next three seasons. Off the field, the Zidanes y Pavones
policy resulted in increased financial success based on the exploitation of the
club's high marketing potential around the world, particularly in Asia.[67]

Beckham and Zidane were considered Galácticos.

The few days after the capturing of the 2003 La Liga title were surrounded with
controversy. The first controversial decision came when Pérez sacked winning coach
Vicente del Bosque.[68] Over a dozen players left the club, including Madrid
captain Fernando Hierro, while defensive midfielder Claude Makélélé refused to take
part in training in protest at being one of the lowest-paid players at the club and
subsequently moved to Chelsea.[69] "That's a lot [of players leaving] when the
normal rule is: never change a winning team," stated Zidane.[70] Real Madrid, with
newly appointed coach Carlos Queiroz, started their domestic league slowly after a
hard win over Real Betis.[70]

The 2005–06 season began with the promise of several new signings: Júlio Baptista
(€24 million), Robinho (€30 million), and Sergio Ramos (€27 million).[71] However,
Real Madrid suffered from some poor results, including a 0–3 loss at the hands of
Barcelona at the Santiago Bernabéu in November 2005.[72] Madrid's coach Wanderley
Luxemburgo was sacked the following month and his replacement was Juan Ramón López
Caro.[73] A brief return to form came to an abrupt halt after Madrid lost the first
leg of the Copa del Rey semi-finals 6–1 to Real Zaragoza,[74] a defeat that was
nearly reversed with a 4–0 home victory. Shortly after, Real Madrid were eliminated
from the Champions League for a fourth successive year, this time at the hands of
Arsenal. On 27 February 2006, Florentino Pérez resigned.[75]

Ramón Calderón era (2006–2009)

Ramón Calderón was elected as club president on 2 July 2006 and subsequently
appointed Fabio Capello as the new coach and Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting
director. Real Madrid won the Liga title in 2007 for the first time in four years,
but Capello was nonetheless sacked at the end of the campaign.[76] The title was
won on 17 June, where Real faced Mallorca at the Bernabéu while Barcelona and
Sevilla, the other title challengers, faced Gimnàstic de Tarragona and Villarreal,
respectively. At half-time, Real were 0–1 down, while Barcelona had surged ahead
into a 0–3 lead in Tarragona. However, three goals in the last half-hour secured
Madrid a 3–1 win and their first league title since 2003.[77] Real Madrid repeated
as league winners in 2007–08, but the following season ended up being one of the
most disastrous in the club's history: Real was knocked out of the Champions League
at the round of 16 stage for the fifth time in a row, losing to Liverpool 0–5 on
aggregate, and was embarrassed by Barcelona at the Santiago Bernabéu with a
humiliating 2–6 loss, which all but confirmed the league title for Barça that went
on to win the treble.[78]

Second Florentino Pérez era (2009–present)

Cristiano Ronaldo was the club's most expensive signing when he joined in 2009,
costing €94 million.

Match between Deportivo de La Coruña and Real Madrid in the 2015–16 season.
On 1 June 2009, Florentino Pérez regained Real Madrid's presidency amid the outrage
over the club's decline.[79][80] Pérez continued with the Galácticos policy pursued
in his first term, buying Kaká from Milan for a record-breaking (in pounds
sterling) sum of £56 million,[81] and then breaking the record again by purchasing
Cristiano Ronaldo from Manchester United for £80 million.[82] Real Madrid spent in
excess of €261 million in the summer of 2009, and the assembled team was soon
dubbed the Second Galácticos.[83] The 2009–10 season, however, was a transitional
one as Madrid again finished second in the league, although this time amassing 96
points, the club's record at the time, and went out of the Champions League at the
hands of Lyon. The season was marred by Cristiano Ronaldo's injury, that sidelined
him for seven weeks,[84] although he still topped the goalscoring charts with 33
goals, and Madrid became the highest scoring team in La Liga, with 102 goals. Real
Madrid also had the misfortune to become the runners-up with the highest points
total in the history of Europe's top five leagues, until surpassed by Liverpool's
97 points in 2018–19.[85][86]

José Mourinho took over as manager in May 2010.[87][88] In the 2010–11 season, the
rebuilt Madrid successfully fought on all fronts, going toe to toe with a brilliant
Barcelona side which some regard as the greatest team in football history.
Ultimately, Madrid finished second in the league, with 92 points and four behind
their perennial rivals, defeated them in the Copa del Rey final, and lost to Barça
in the Champions League semi-finals, where Real progressed to for the first time
since 2002–03. Moreover, from 16 April through 3 May, a rare occurrence happened
when, for the first time ever, four Clásicos were to be played in a span of just 18
days. The first fixture was in the league campaign on 16 April (which ended 1–1
with penalty goals for both sides), the second one was in the Copa del Rey final
(which was won by Madrid 1–0 a.e.t., bringing them their first trophy in the second
Galáctico era) on 20 April and the third and fourth ones in the controversial[89]
[90] two-legged Champions League semi-finals on 27 April and 3 May (Barcelona won
on aggregate with a 2–0 away victory and a 1–1 home draw).[91] Madrid again became
the highest scoring team in La Liga, with 102 goals, repeating its output from the
previous season, with Ronaldo scoring 40 and winning the European Golden Shoe.

In the 2011–12 season, Real Madrid won La Liga for a record 32nd time in its
history, also finishing the season with numerous league records set, including 100
points amassed in a single season, a total of 121 goals scored, a goal difference
of +89, 16 away games won, and 32 wins overall.[92] They also competed in the UEFA
Champions League for the 15th successive season,[93] losing in the semi-finals to
Bayern Munich in a penalty shoot-out after a 3–3 aggregate tie. Madrid entered the
Copa del Rey as the defending champions, but lost 3–4 on aggregate in the quarter-
finals to Barcelona. In the same season, Cristiano Ronaldo became the fastest
player to reach 100 goals scored in Spanish league history. In reaching 101 goals
in 92 games, Ronaldo surpassed Real Madrid legend Ferenc Puskás, who scored 100
goals in 105 matches. Ronaldo set a new club mark for individual goals scored in
one year (60) and became the first player ever to score against all 19 opposition
teams in a single season.[94][95]

Real Madrid started the 2012–13 season by winning the Supercopa de España,
defeating Barcelona on away goals. However, the super cup turned out to be their
only trophy of the season, despite being close to win them all. Real finished
runners-up to Barça in La Liga, accumulating 85 points, and reached the semi-finals
of the UEFA Champions League for the third year in a row, where they were
eliminated by Borussia Dortmund 3–4 on aggregate. Madrid also entered the Copa del
Rey in the round of 32, going on a memorable run to the final, which saw them
defeat Barcelona in the semi-finals before losing to Atlético Madrid 1–2 a.e.t.
Real Madrid faced the Blaugrana six times throughout the season, coming away with
three wins, two draws, and one loss. A major transfer of the season was the signing
of Luka Modrić from Tottenham Hotspur for a fee in the region of £33 million.[96]
After a loss to Atlético in the Copa del Rey final, Pérez announced the departure
of José Mourinho at the end of the season by "mutual agreement".[97]
La Décima and Champions League dominance
Soccer Field [Link]

Casillas (C)
Ramos
Varane
Carvajal
Coentrão
Khedira
Modrić
Di María
Bale
Ronaldo
Benzema
2014 UEFA Champions League Final starting lineup, with a front three of Bale,
Benzema and Cristiano Ronaldo (dubbed BBC)

Real Madrid players celebrate the club's historic tenth European Cup / Champions
League win (La Décima) in 2014.
On 25 June 2013, Carlo Ancelotti succeeded Mourinho to become the manager of Real
Madrid on a three-year deal, with Zinedine Zidane named as one of his assistants.
[98] On 1 September 2013, the long-awaited transfer of Gareth Bale from Tottenham
Hotspur was announced. The transfer of the Welshman was reportedly a new world
record signing, with the transfer price approximated at €100 million.[99] In
Ancelotti's first season at the club, Real Madrid fought on all three fronts for
the continental treble. Despite leading in the league campaign on multiple
occasions, Madrid ultimately finished in third place (level on points with
Barcelona and three behind cross-city rivals Atlético Madrid), collecting 87 points
in total and scoring a record 104 goals.[100] By that time, Los Blancos had already
secured the Copa del Rey – against rivals Barcelona – in April, with Bale scoring
the winner.[101] The major breakthrough came in the UEFA Champions League, where
Real returned to the final after 12 years, having beaten defending champions Bayern
Munich 5–0 on aggregate in the semi-finals.[102] In the final, they defeated then-
recently-league winners Atlético Madrid 4–1 a.e.t. to clinch their tenth European
Cup (first since 2002) and become the first team to win ten European Cups/Champions
League titles, an achievement known as "La Décima" (Spanish: "The Tenth," [la
ˈðeθima]).[103] Real's attacking trio of Bale, Benzema and Cristiano, dubbed the
BBC, finished the season with 97 goals.[104]

After winning the 2014 Champions League, Real Madrid signed goalkeeper Keylor
Navas, midfielder Toni Kroos, and attacking midfielder James Rodríguez.[105] In
August, Madrid won the 2014 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla, the club's 79th
official trophy.[106] During the last week of the 2014 summer transfer window, Real
Madrid sold two players key to the previous season's successes: Xabi Alonso to
Bayern Munich and Ángel Di María to Manchester United. This decision by the club
was surrounded by controversy, with Cristiano Ronaldo stating, "If I was in charge,
maybe I would have done things differently," while Carlo Ancelotti admitted, "We
must start again from zero."[107]

After a slow start to the 2014–15 season, Real Madrid went on a record-breaking 22-
match winning streak, which included wins against Barcelona and Liverpool,
surpassing the previous Spanish record of 18 successive wins set by Frank
Rijkaard's Barça in the 2005–06 season.[108] In late December, Real Madrid won
their first Club World Cup, defeating San Lorenzo 2–0 in the final.[109] The
winning streak came to an end in their opening match of 2015 with a loss to
Valencia, leaving the club two short of equalling the world record of 24
consecutive wins.[110] Madrid was in contention for both the La Liga title and the
UEFA Champions League until the very end but ultimately came up short, finishing
with 92 points in the league, two behind treble-winning Barcelona and losing to
Juventus 2–3 on aggregate in the Champions League semi-finals.[111] Ronaldo
finished the season scoring 48 league goals, winning his fourth European Golden
Shoe, and 61 goals in all competitions, breaking his record from 2011–12.[112]
Overall, despite playing an attractive attacking football and being the highest
scoring team in Europe with 118 league goals,[113] several narrow defeats meant
that Real finished the season with two trophies out of six possible, which
contributed to the dismissal of Carlo Ancelotti on 25 May 2015.[114][115]

On 3 June 2015, Rafael Benítez was confirmed as the new Real Madrid manager for the
2015–16 season, signing a three-year contract.[116] Real Madrid remained unbeaten
in the league until a 3–2 loss at Sevilla on the matchday 11. This was followed by
a 0–4 home loss in the first Clásico of the season against Barcelona. Perhaps, his
reign is best remembered by multiple lopsided wins achieved both in La Liga and the
Champions League (6–0 vs Espanyol, 8–0 vs Malmö, 10–2 vs Rayo Vallecano and
others). In the Copa del Rey round of 32, Real accidentally fielded an ineligible
player in a 3–1 first leg win at Cádiz and was disqualified from the tournament two
days later by the competition judge, despite protests from president Pérez.[117]
[118][119] In the meantime, Madrid comfortably topped their UCL group with 16
points and a +16 goal difference. Benítez was relieved of his duties on 4 January
2016 following allegations of unpopularity with supporters, displeasure with
players and a failure to get good results against top teams.[120] Benítez's
departure was announced along with the promotion of Zinedine Zidane to his first
head coaching role.[121] Under Zidane, Madrid managed to turn the odds in its
favor, ultimately winning the Champions League, something no one expected. The
notable results include a 2–1 away victory over reigning treble winners Barcelona,
who were on a record-breaking winning streak, a fantastic comeback against
Wolfsburg in the Champions League quarter-finals (after losing the away game 0–2,
Madrid erased the deficit and won 3–0 at home, courtesy of a Cristiano Ronaldo hat-
trick), as well as a 12-game winning streak to conclude the league campaign,
meaning Real finished second, with 90 points and just one point behind champions
Barcelona, coming agonizingly close to clinching the title and overcoming a 12-
point deficit in the process.[122] Finally, on 28 May, Real Madrid's eleventh
Champions League title was won thanks to a 5–3 penalty shoot-out victory over
rivals Atlético Madrid after a 1–1 draw in the final, with the achievement being
termed "La Undécima".[123][124][125]

2016–17 La Liga champions Real Madrid celebrate the title with Community of Madrid
President Cristina Cifuentes.
Real Madrid began their 2016–17 campaign, which was to be Zidane's first full
season in charge of the club, with a victory in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup against
Sevilla.[126] On 10 December 2016, Madrid played their 35th-straight match without
a loss, which set a new club record.[127] On 18 December 2016, the club defeated
Japanese outfit Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup.
[128] With a 3–3 draw at Sevilla in the second leg of the Copa del Rey round of 16
on 12 January 2017, Madrid progressed to the quarter-finals with a 6–3 aggregate
victory and extended its unbeaten run to 40 matches, breaking Barcelona's Spanish
record of 39 matches unbeaten in all competitions from the previous season.[129]
Their unbeaten streak ended after a 1–2 away loss against the same opposition in La
Liga three days later.[130] The team then was knocked out of the Copa del Rey by
Celta Vigo 3–4 on aggregate. These slips, however, did not affect the overall
trajectory of the season. In May, Madrid won the league title for a record 33rd
time, their first title in five years, accumulating 93 points in the process.[131]
On 3 June 2017, the club's victory over Juventus in the Champions League final
resulted in Real Madrid becoming the first team to successfully defend their title
in the UEFA Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the
competition since Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the
European Cup.[132][133] Real Madrid's title was its 12th, extending the record, and
its third in four years. The achievement is also known as "La Duodécima".[134] The
2016–17 season was the greatest campaign in terms of trophies won (four out of
possible five) in the history of Real Madrid, an achievement that would be later
equalled in the 2017–18 season.[135]

Real kicked off the 2017–18 campaign by winning its second consecutive and fourth
overall UEFA Super Cup in a 2–1 victory against Manchester United.[136] Five days
later, Real Madrid beat Barcelona at the Camp Nou 3–1 in the first leg of the 2017
Supercopa de España and then defeated Barça 2–0 in the return leg, ending their 24
consecutive match scoring record in El Clásico matches and winning the second
trophy of the season.[137] On 16 December 2017, Real beat Brazilian club Grêmio 1–0
in the FIFA Club World Cup final and became the first team to retain the trophy.
[138] In the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, Madrid once again progressed to the
final where they defeated Liverpool 3–1 to become the first club to win three
straight titles in the Champions League era, as well as the first team to win three
consecutive titles in the European Cup/Champions League since Bayern Munich in
1976. The trophy also marked Madrid's fourth win in five years and their eighth
consecutive semi-finals appearance. On 31 May, only five days after winning the
final, Zidane announced his resignation as Real Madrid manager, citing the club's
"need for change" as his rationale for departing.[139][140] Zidane's and Ronaldo's
departures marked the end of the Second Galáctico Era that yielded four Champions
League titles, two La Liga titles, two Copa del Rey, two Supercopa de España, three
UEFA Super Cups, and three FIFA Club World Cup titles. The team was instrumental in
ending Barcelona's dominance, despite the Blaugrana boasting arguably the greatest
collection of talent in history,[141] and overshadowed the Catalans on the European
stage.[142] Real Madrid was also somewhat notoriously unlucky in its league
campaigns throughout these nine years, finishing runners-up with 96, 92 (twice),
and 90 points, as well as on 87 points in third place, just three off the league
winners.[86]

Following Ronaldo's departure

Chart of Real Madrid's league performance 1929–2023

On 12 June 2018, Real Madrid named Julen Lopetegui, the head coach of the Spanish
national team, as their new manager. It was announced that he would officially
begin his managerial duties after the 2018 FIFA World Cup. However, the Spanish
national team sacked Lopetegui a day prior to the tournament, stating that he had
negotiated terms with the club without informing them.[143][144] The club then
began re-shaping the squad in the summer of 2018, which included the sale of
Cristiano Ronaldo to Juventus for a reported €117 million.[145] Madrid began their
2018–19 campaign by losing to Atlético Madrid 2–4 a.e.t. in the 2018 UEFA Super
Cup. After a 1–5 loss to Barcelona in El Clásico on 28 October which left Real
Madrid in the ninth place with only 14 points after 10 games, Lopetegui was
dismissed a day later and replaced by then Castilla coach, Santiago Solari.[146] On
22 December 2018, Real Madrid beat Al Ain 4–1 in the FIFA Club World Cup and became
the outright record winners of the Club World Cup with four titles.[147] However,
they were then knocked out of the Copa del Rey at the semi-final stage by
Barcelona, losing 1–4 on aggregate. On 5 March 2019, Real was defeated by Ajax 1–4
(3–5 on aggregate) at home, crashing out of the Champions League at the round of 16
stage after eight consecutive semi-finals appearances. On 11 March 2019, Real
Madrid dismissed Solari and reinstated Zidane as the head coach of the club.[148]
Madrid finished the season with 68 points and a +17 goal difference, its lowest
totals since 2001–02 and 1999–2000 respectively.[149]

In the summer of 2019, Madrid signed Eden Hazard, Luka Jović, Éder Militão, Ferland
Mendy, Rodrygo, Reinier and other players for a total of more than €350 million.
[150] On 12 January 2020, Madrid beat cross-city rivals Atlético Madrid in a
penalty shootout in the Supercopa de España final to win their eleventh title.[151]
After a three-month hiatus due to the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020, La Liga was
restarted in June and Madrid won ten games in a row to capture the team's 34th
league title, collecting 87 points in total.[152] From the competition's resumption
in June and until the end of the 2020–21 season, Real temporarily played home
fixtures at the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium, while the Santiago Bernabéu underwent
extensive renovations.[153][154]

Further domestic success and La Decimocuarta

Real Madrid players celebrating the double on 29 May 2022, the day after their
Champions League victory
Soccer Field [Link]

Courtois
Militão
Alaba
Carvajal
Mendy
Casemiro
Modrić
Kroos
Valverde
Vinícius Jr.
Benzema (C)
2022 UEFA Champions League Final starting lineup
Zidane left a second time on 27 May 2021 after going trophyless that season,[155]
with Carlo Ancelotti returning to coach the team for the 2021–22 season.[156] On
the domestic front, he delivered two trophies out of possible three, winning La
Liga and the Supercopa de España.[157][158][159] As such, Ancelotti won all six
available top trophies at Madrid.[160] In the Champions League, Madrid produced one
of the most memorable runs of all time,[161] defeating pre-tournament favorites
Paris Saint-Germain,[162][163] defending champions and favorites Chelsea,[164]
Premier League champions and heavy favorites Manchester City,[165] all in dramatic
fashion,[166] and setting up the final against Liverpool, who were once again
widely considered as favorites,[167] in a rematch of their 2018 encounter. A lone
Vinícius goal sealed the 14th European Cup for Los Blancos, their fifth in nine
years, and Ancelotti's second in charge.[168][169] Real also claimed their fourth
ever European double (after 1956–57, 1957–58, and 2016–17). Despite Real's status
as the most decorated team in the history of the Champions League, they were not
favored to win that year's edition, and their improbable run was widely considered
a surprise.[170]

Crests and colours

Crests
1902
1902

1908
1908

1920
1920

1931
1931

1941
1941

2001
2001

The first crest had a simple design consisting of a decorative interlacing of the
three initials of the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de Fútbol, in dark blue on a
white shirt. The first change in the crest occurred in 1908 when the letters
adopted a more streamlined form and appeared inside a circle.[171] The next change
in the configuration of the crest did not occur until the presidency of Pedro
Parages in 1920. At that time, King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal
patronage which came in the form of the title "Real Madrid," meaning "Royal."[172]
Thus, Alfonso's crown was added to the crest and the club styled itself Real Madrid
Club de Fútbol.[171]

With the dissolution of the monarchy in 1931, all royal symbols (the crown on the
crest and the title of Real) were eliminated. The crown was replaced by the dark
mulberry band of the Region of Castile.[38] In 1941, two years after Nationalist
victory in the Civil War, the Francoist regime restored the crest's "Real Corona",
or "Royal Crown", while the mulberry stripe of Castile was retained as well.[173]
[46] In addition, the whole crest was made full color, with gold being the most
prominent, and the club went back to its honorific name Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.
[171] The most recent modification to the crest occurred in 2001 when the club
wanted to better situate itself for the 21st century and further standardize its
crest. One of the modifications made was changing the mulberry stripe to a more
bluish shade.[171]

Colours

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Real Madrid CF kits.

Real Madrid in 1964. Nicknamed Los Blancos (The Whites), the club has worn an all-
white home kit except for one season in 1925.
Real Madrid has maintained the white shirt for its home kit throughout the history
of the club. There was, however, one season that the shirt and shorts were not both
white. It was an initiative undertaken by Juan Padrós in honor of an English team
Corinthian F.C., which he had met on one of his trips, one of the most famous teams
at the time known for its elegance and sportsmanship.[174] It was decided that Real
Madrid would wear black shorts in an attempt to replicate the English team, which
had also inspired Madrid's original white kit, but the initiative lasted just one
year. After being eliminated from the cup by Barcelona with a 1–5 defeat in Madrid
and a 2–0 defeat in Catalonia, President Parages decided to return to an all-white
kit, claiming that the other kit brought bad luck.[note 5] By the early 1940s, the
manager changed the kit again by adding buttons to the shirt and the club's crest
on the left breast, which has remained ever since. On 23 November 1947, in a game
against Atlético Madrid at the Metropolitano Stadium, Real Madrid became the first
Spanish team to wear numbered shirts.[46] English club Leeds United permanently
switched their blue shirt for a white one in the 1960s, to emulate the dominant
Real Madrid of the era.[175]

Real's traditional away colours are all blue or all purple. Since the advent of the
replica kit market, the club has also released various other one colour designs,
including red, green, orange, and black. The club's kit is manufactured by Adidas,
whose contract extends from 1998.[176][177] Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor,
Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83, 1983–84 and 1984–85 seasons. Following that, the
club was sponsored by Parmalat and Otaysa before a long-term deal was signed with
Teka in 1992.[178][179] In 2001, Real Madrid ended their contract with Teka and for
one season and used the [Link] logo to promote the club's website. Then, in
2002, a deal was signed with Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the BenQ Siemens logo
appeared on the club's shirt.[180] Real Madrid's shirt sponsor from 2007 until 2013
was [Link] following the economic problems of BenQ Siemens.[181][182] Fly
Emirates became their shirt sponsor in 2013, and in 2017 the club renewed the
sponsorship with the airliner, signing a deal until 2022 worth €70 million per
year.[183] In 2022, the agreement was again extended, until 2026.[184] In 2015,
Madrid signed a new 10-year contract with Adidas, believed to be worth a total of
£850 million (€1 billion), with the club earning £59 million (€64 million) per
season. The contract includes a clause sanctioning penalty or agreement termination
anytime, if Real Madrid fails to qualify for the European competitions or is
relegated from La Liga.[185]

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

Real Madrid's jersey (worn by Luka Modrić in 2015) is manufactured by Adidas, with
Emirates the shirt sponsor.
Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1980–1982 Adidas —
1982–1985 Zanussi
1985–1989 Hummel Parmalat
1989–1991 Reny Picot
1991–1992 Otaysa
1992–1994 Teka
1994–1998 Kelme
1998–2001 Adidas
2001–2002 [Link][note 6]
2002–2005 Siemens mobile
2005–2006 Siemens
2006–2007 BenQ-Siemens
2007–2013 bwin
2013– Emirates
Kit deal
Kit supplier Period Contract
announcement Contract
duration Value Notes
Adidas
1998–present
Undisclosed
2015–2020 (6 years) Total €1 billion[186]
8 May 2019
2020–2028 (8 years)[187] Total €1.1 billion[188]
Note: early termination clauses can be activated at any time depending on the
team's performance.

Grounds
Further information: Estadio Chamartín, Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, and Alfredo Di
Stéfano Stadium
Santiago Bernabéu
Estadio Santiago Bernabéu [Link]
Capacity 81,044
Field size 107 m × 72 m (351 ft × 236 ft)[189]
Construction
Broke ground 27 October 1944
Opened 14 December 1947
Architect Manuel Muñoz Monasterio, Luis Alemany Soler, Antonio Lamela
After moving between several grounds, the team relocated to the Campo de O'Donnell
in 1912, which remained its home stadium for 11 years.[35] After this period, the
club moved for one year to the Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground with a
capacity of 8,000 spectators. After that, Real Madrid started playing its home
matches at the Estadio Chamartín, which was inaugurated on 17 May 1923 with a match
against Newcastle United.[190] In this stadium, which hosted 22,500 spectators,
Real Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.[37] Following his election
in 1943, president Santiago Bernabéu decided that the Chamartín was not big enough
for the ambitions of the club, and thus a new stadium was built and inaugurated on
14 December 1947.[46][191] Initially knows as Nuevo Chamartín, the stadium was
renamed in honor of Bernabéu in 1955 and continues to bear his name to this day.
[47] The first match at the Bernabéu was played between Madrid and the Portuguese
club Belenenses, with Los Blancos winning 3–1 and Sabino Barinaga scoring the first
goal.[46]

The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.
[192] Since then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the
last standing areas were removed in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which
had forbidden standing at matches in European competitions), countered to some
extent by expansions.[192] The latest capacity is 81,044 spectators. Real Madrid
has the fourth-highest average attendance in Europe, behind Borussia Dortmund,
Barcelona, and Manchester United.[193][194][195][196]

The Bernabéu has hosted the 1964 UEFA European Championship final, the 1982 FIFA
World Cup final, and the 1957, 1969, 1980, and 2010 European Cup/Champions League
finals.[197] The stadium has its own namesake Madrid Metro station along the 10
line.[198] On 14 November 2007, the Bernabéu was upgraded to Elite Football Stadium
status by UEFA.[199]

On 9 May 2006, the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium, named after club legend Alfredo Di
Stéfano, was inaugurated in the Real Madrid City, where Real Madrid usually trains.
The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and Stade de Reims, a rematch of
the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid 6–1, with goals from Sergio Ramos, Antonio
Cassano (2), Roberto Soldado (2), and José Manuel Jurado. The venue is now part of
the Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's training facility located outside Madrid, in
Valdebebas. The stadium's capacity is 5,000 people, and it is Real Madrid
Castilla's home ground.[200] For the latter part of the 2019–20 season and
throughout the 2020–21 season, the stadium hosted the first team's home games due
to a combination of the COVID-19 pandemic-triggered restrictions and an extensive
renovation of the Santiago Bernabéu stadium.[201][202]

The latest renovation of the Santiago Bernabéu is set to increase the capacity by
approximately 4,000 with the addition of an extra tier, bringing it to just over
the 85,000 mark.[203][204] Furthermore, the height will also be increased by ten
metres and a retractable roof, a retractable pitch, and a 360-degree screen will be
installed.[205][206] The works have started in 2019, and the renovated stadium was
initially planned to be unveiled in 2022; however, the COVID-19 pandemic and
Russian invasion of Ukraine caused significant disruption to supply chains,
prompting the club to postpone the stadium's inauguration to 2023.[207][208]

Records and statistics

Main article: List of Real Madrid CF records and statistics
See also: Real Madrid CF in international football

Raúl is Real Madrid's all-time leader in appearances.

Raúl holds the record for most Real Madrid appearances, having played 741 first-
team matches from 1994 to 2010. Iker Casillas comes second with 725 appearances,
followed by Manuel Sanchis, Jr., having played 710 times.[209] The record for a
goalkeeper is held by Iker Casillas, with 725 appearances. With 189 caps, Cristiano
Ronaldo is Real's most capped international player. Meanwhile, Sergio Ramos has
accumulated the most caps while playing for the club, with 176.
Cristiano Ronaldo is Real Madrid's record goalscorer and the first player ever to
score against every team in a single La Liga season.
Cristiano Ronaldo (2009–2018) is Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, with 450
goals in 438 matches.[210][211] Six other players have also scored over 200 goals
for Real: Alfredo Di Stéfano (1953–1964), Santillana (1971–1988), Ferenc Puskás
(1958–1966), Hugo Sánchez (1985–1992), Karim Benzema (2009–present) and the
previous goalscoring record-holder Raúl (1994–2010). Cristiano Ronaldo also holds
the record for the most league goals scored in one season (48 in 2014–15),
alongside being Real's top goalscorer of all time in La Liga history with 311
goals. Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches was for decades the all-time highest
tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl in 2005, and is now held
by Cristiano Ronaldo with 105 goals for Madrid and 140 overall. The fastest goal in
the history of the club (12 seconds) was scored by the Brazilian Ronaldo on 3
December 2003 during a league match against Atlético Madrid.[212]

Officially, the highest home attendance figure for a Real Madrid match is 83,329,
which was for a Copa del Rey match in 2006. The current official capacity of the
Santiago Bernabéu is 81,044.[213] The club's average attendance in the 2007–08
season was 76,234, the highest in European leagues.[214] Real has also set records
in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (35 as of 2021–22) and
the most seasons won in a row (five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).[1] With 121
matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club holds the record for
longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga.[215]

Gareth Bale is the club's joint record signing, costing €100 million in 2013.
The club also holds the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League
fourteen times[216] and for the most semi-finals appearances (31). As of October
2022, Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top scorer in the UEFA Champions League,
with 140 (141 including qualifiers) goals in total, 105 while playing for Real
Madrid. The team has the record number of consecutive participations in the
European Cup (before it became the Champions League) with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–
70.[217] Among the club's on-field records is a 22-game winning streak in all
competitions during the 2014–15 season, a Spanish record and fourth worldwide.[218]
The same season, the team tied the record winning streak in the Champions League,
with ten games.[219] In September 2017, the club equalled the record of the
Brazilian club Santos, starring Pelé, by scoring in their 73rd consecutive game.
[220]

In June 2009, the club broke its own record for the highest transfer fee ever paid
in the history of football after purchasing Manchester United star Cristiano
Ronaldo for €94 million (£80 million).[221][222] The fee of €77.5 million (100
billion lire) for Zinedine Zidane's transfer from Juventus to Real Madrid in 2001
was the previous highest transfer fee ever paid. This record (in pounds sterling)
had been broken previously in June 2009, for a few days, when Real Madrid agreed to
buy Kaká from Milan for €67 million (£65 million). The transfer of Tottenham
Hotspur's Gareth Bale in 2013 was reportedly a new world record signing, with the
transfer fee approximated at around €100 million.[99] In January 2016, documents
pertaining to Bale's transfer were leaked which confirmed a world record transfer
fee of €100,759,418.[223] Real Madrid equalled their record signing in 2019, when
the club signed Eden Hazard from Chelsea for a reported €115 million.[224] The
club's record sale occurred on 10 July 2018, when Juventus signed Cristiano Ronaldo
for €117 million.[225]

Support

The number of season tickets at the Bernabéu is capped at 65,000, with the
remaining seats made available to the general public.
During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are occupied by
season-ticket holders, of which the figure is capped at 65,000.[226] To become a
season ticket holder one must first be a socio, or club member. In addition to
members, the club has more than 1,800 peñas (official, club-affiliated supporters'
groups) in Spain and around the world. Real Madrid has the second highest average
all-time attendance in Spanish football and regularly attracts over 74,000 fans to
the Bernabéu. One of the best supported teams globally, Real Madrid was the first
sports team (and first brand) to reach 100 million fans on Facebook in April 2017.
[227][228]

Real Madrid's hardcore supporters are the so-called Ultras Sur supporters, or
simply Ultras. They are known for their extreme right-wing politics, akin to
Barcelona's hardcore supporters group Boixos Nois. The Ultras Surs have developed
an alliance with other right wing groups, most notably Lazio Irriducibili fans, and
have also developed an alliance with left-wing groups. On several occasions, they
have racially abused opposing players and have been investigated by UEFA for doing
so.[229][230] Florentino Pérez took it upon himself to ban the Ultras from the
Bernabéu and assign their seats to the general public. This decision was
controversial with some of the Bernabéu faithful, however, as the lively atmosphere
of games would suffer as a result.[231][232] The Ultras have since held protests
outside the Bernabéu and have demanded to be reinstated and allowed to enter the
grounds.[233]

Questioned over Pope Francis' adherence to 2014 FIFA Club World Cup Final opponents
San Lorenzo, Madrid captain Sergio Ramos stated, "In the semi-finals we noticed the
love from supporters in Marrakesh and it seemed like we were playing at home. That
sums up the greatness of this team. Madrid is God's team and the team of the
world".[234] Among the club's famous supporters is golfer Sergio García, who was
invited to take the honorary kickoff for El Clásico at the Bernabeu wearing his
green jacket from winning the 2017 Masters.[235]

Rivalries
El Clásico
Main article: El Clásico

Scene from a 2011 El Clásico at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium

There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national
league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Real
Madrid and Barcelona is known as "The Classic" (El Clásico). From the start of
national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions
in Spain: Castile and Catalonia, as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects
what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between the Castilians
and Catalans, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War.[236]
Over the years, the record for Real Madrid and Barcelona is 100 victories for
Madrid, 97 victories for Barcelona, and 52 draws.[237]

Real Madrid fans displaying the white of their club before El Clásico. Real Madrid
fans also often wave Spanish flags at El Clásico games.[238]
As early as the 1930s, Barcelona "had developed a reputation as a symbol of Catalan
identity, opposed to the centralising tendencies of Madrid".[239][240] During the
dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera and especially Francisco Franco, all
regional languages and identities in Spain were frowned upon and restrained. As
such, most citizens of Barcelona were in strong opposition to Franco's regime. In
that period, Barcelona gained their motto Més que un club (English: More than a
club) because of its alleged connection to Catalan nationalist as well as to
progressive beliefs.[241]

There's an ongoing controversy as to what extent Franco's rule (1939–75) influenced

the activities and on-pitch results of both Barcelona and Real Madrid. Fans of both
clubs tend to exaggerate the myths favouring their narratives. Most historians
agree than Franco did not have a preferred football team, but his Spanish
nationalist beliefs led him to associate himself with the establishment teams, such
as Atlético Aviación and Madrid FC (that recovered its royal name after the fall of
the Republic and again became Real Madrid CF). On the other hand, he also wanted
the renamed CF Barcelona succeed as "Spanish team" rather than a Catalan one.
During the early years of Franco's rule, Real Madrid weren't particularly
successful, winning two Copa del Generalísimo titles and a Copa Eva Duarte;
Barcelona claimed three league titles, one Copa del Generalísimo and one Copa Eva
Duarte. During that period, Atlético Aviación were believed to be the preferred
team over Real Madrid. The most contested stories of the period include Real
Madrid's 11–1 home win against Barcelona in the Copa del Generalísimo, where the
Catalan team alleged intimidation, and the controversial transfer of Alfredo Di
Stéfano to Real Madrid despite his agreement with Barcelona. The latter transfer
was part of Real Madrid chairman Santiago Bernabéu's "revolution" that ushered in
the era of unprecedented dominance. Bernabéu, himself a veteran of the Civil War
who fought for Franco's forces, saw Real Madrid on top not only of Spanish but also
European football, helping create the European Cup, the first true competition for
Europe's best club sides. His vision was fulfilled when Real Madrid not only
started winning consecutive league titles but also swept the first five editions of
the European Cup in the 1950s.[242] These events had a profound impact on Spanish
football and influenced Franco's attitude. According to historians, during this
time he realized the importance of Real Madrid for his regime's international
image, and the club became his preferred team until his death. Fernando Maria
Castiella, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under Franco from 1957 until
1969, noted that "[Real Madrid] is the best embassy we have ever had". Franco died
in 1975, and the Spanish transition to democracy soon followed. Under his rule,
Real Madrid had won 14 league titles, 6 Copa del Generalísimo titles, 1 Copa Eva
Duarte, 6 European Cups, 2 Latin Cups and 1 Intercontinental Cup. In the same
period, Barcelona had won 8 league titles, 9 Copa del Generalísimo titles, 3 Copa
Eva Duarte titles, 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cups and 2 Latin Cups.[243][173]

The rivalry was intensified during the 1950s when the clubs disputed the signing of
Alfredo Di Stéfano. Di Stéfano had impressed both Barcelona and Real Madrid while
playing for Los Millionarios in Bogotá, Colombia, during a players' strike in his
native Argentina. Soon after Millonarios' return to Colombia, Barcelona directors
visited Buenos Aires and agreed with River Plate, the last FIFA-affiliated team to
have held Di Stéfano's rights, for his transfer in 1954 for the equivalent of 150
million Italian lira (according to other sources 200,000 dollars). This started a
battle between the two Spanish rivals for his rights. FIFA appointed Armando Muñoz
Calero, former president of the Spanish Football Federation as mediator. Calero
decided to let Di Stéfano play the 1953–54 and 1955–56 seasons in Madrid, and the
1954–55 and 1956–57 seasons in Barcelona. The agreement was approved by the
Football Association and their respective clubs. Although the Catalans agreed, the
decision created various discontent among the Blaugrana members and the president
was forced to resign in September 1953. Barcelona sold Madrid their half-share, and
Di Stéfano moved to Los Blancos, signing a four-year contract. Real paid 5.5
million Spanish pesetas for the transfer, plus a 1.3 million bonus for the
purchase, an annual fee to be paid to the Millonarios, and a 16,000 salary for Di
Stéfano with a bonus double that of his teammates, for a total of 40% of the annual
revenue of the Madrid club.[244]

Di Stéfano became integral in the subsequent success achieved by Real Madrid,

scoring twice in his first game against Barcelona. With him, Madrid won the first
five editions of the European Cup.[245] The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the
European stage when Real Madrid and Barcelona met twice in the European Cup, with
Madrid triumphing en route to their fifth consecutive title in 1959–60 and
Barcelona prevailing en route to losing the final in 1960–61. Ahead of the 1973–74
season, Johan Cruyff arrived to Barcelona for a world record £920,000 from Ajax.
[246] Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the
Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real
Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco. He
further endeared himself when he named his son "Jordi", after the local Catalan
Saint George.[247] In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the
"Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and Madrid's win was watched by more than
500 million people around the world.[248] A fixture known for its intensity and
indiscipline, it has also featured memorable goal celebrations from both teams,
often involving mocking the opposition.[249] In October 1999, Real Madrid forward
Raúl silenced 100,000 Barcelona fans at the Camp Nou when he scored before he
celebrated by putting a finger to his lips as if telling the crowd to be quiet.
[249][250] In 2009, Barcelona captain Carles Puyol kissed his Catalan armband in
front of Madrid fans at the Bernabéu.[249] Cristiano Ronaldo twice gestured to the
hostile crowd to "calm down" after scoring against Barcelona at the Camp Nou in
2012 and 2016.[249] In April 2017, Messi celebrated his 93rd-minute winner for
Barcelona against Real Madrid at the Bernabéu by taking off his Barcelona shirt and
holding it up to incensed Real Madrid fans – with his name and number facing them.
[249] Later that year, in August, Ronaldo was subbed on in the first leg of the
Supercopa de España, proceeded to score in the 80th minute and took his shirt off
before holding it up to Barça's fans with his name and number facing them.[251]

El Derbi madrileño
Main article: Madrid derby

Real Madrid supporters during the 2006 El Derbi madrileño match held at the
Santiago Bernabéu
The club's nearest neighbour is Atlético Madrid, a rivalry being shared between
fans of both football teams. Although Atlético was founded by three Basque students
in 1903, it was joined in 1904 by dissident members of Madrid FC. The two teams met
for the first time on 2 December 1906 in the regional championship, with Real
Madrid winning 2–1. Their first league meeting came on 21 February 1929 in matchday
three of the first league championship at the former Chamartín. It was the first
official derby of the new tournament, and Real won 2–1.[37] After the Civil War,
during the early Francoist period, Atlético became associated with the military air
force (and thus renamed Atlético Aviación), although the alleged preference of the
regime for the club is subject to discussion. In any case, during this period
Atlético became the most successful club in Spain, reducing the historical gap
between the two clubs, until the regime preference shifted towards Real Madrid in
the 1950s, as Franco sought to make political capital out of Real Madrid's multiple
European Cup titles at a time when Spain was internationally isolated; one minister
said, "Real Madrid are the best ambassadors we've ever had."[173] Thus, Atlético
fans regularly chanted that Real were "El equipo del gobierno, la vergüenza del
país" – "The team of the government, the shame of the country" – and allegedly
adopted a more left-wing slant (tempered by the rise of ultras culture, and Rayo
Vallecano's presence as the "true" leftist club in Madrid).[252][253]

The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the European Cup
when the two clubs met in the semi-finals. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the
Santiago Bernabéu, while Atlético won 1–0 at the Metropolitano. The tie went to a
replay, which Real won 2–1. Atlético, however, gained some revenge when, led by
former Real Madrid coach José Villalonga, it defeated its city rivals in two
successive Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.[254] In the 1970s,
Atlético again took the lead as the most successful Spanish club of the decade,
which prompted the Real Madrid fanbase to look down on Atlético calling them and
their supporters "Indios" (Indians, a reference to the Latin American players
signed by the Red-and-whites).[255] It is worth noting that by then, Real Madrid
was not very keen on signing non-Caucasian players (president Santiago Bernabéu
even stated, when he decided not to sign Portuguese star Eusebio at the end of the
1960s, "Mientras yo viva, aquí no jugará ningún negro ni un blanco con bigote" ("As
long as I live, no black or white with a mustache will play here").[256] Atlético's
supporters accepted the new "Indian" nickname joyfully and have been using it until
today. The Santiago Bernabéu, Real Madrid's stadium, is alongside banks and
businesses on the upper class Paseo de la Castellana street, while the Vicente
Calderón (the stadium that Atlético Madrid used until the 2016–17 season) could be
found near a brewery, alongside the Manzanares River and a motorway. Real draw
greater support all across the region because of their historically greater
resources and success, while Atlético have a relatively working class fan base
mainly from the south of the city, with some fans also scattered throughout the
city.[257][258] In fact, the Atlético crest includes the Coat of arms of Madrid,
whereas Real crest has no such a reference to the city (instead, it includes a
reference to the broader Castile region).

Between 1961 and 1989, when Real dominated La Liga, only Atlético offered it any
serious challenge, winning league titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. In 1965,
Atlético became the first team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years. Real
Madrid's record against Atlético in more recent times is very favorable.[259] A
high point came in the 2002–03 season, when Real clinched the La Liga title after a
4–0 victory at the Vicente Calderón. Atlético's first win over its city rivals
since 1999 came in the Copa del Rey final in May 2013. In 2013–14, Real and
Atlético were finalists of the UEFA Champions League, the first final which hosted
two clubs from the same city. Real Madrid triumphed with a 4–1 comeback victory in
extra time.[260] On 7 February 2015, Real suffered their first defeat in 14 years
at the Vicente Calderón, a 4–0 loss.[261] On 28 May 2016, Real and Atlético again
met for the Champions League title, which resulted in a win for Real after a
penalty shootout at San Siro.[262]

El Viejo Clásico
Main article: El Viejo Clásico

Real Madrid's Guti (left) and Athletic Bilbao's Javi Martínez (centre) and
Amorebieta (right) during a match at the Bernabéu, 2010
A further minor rivalry exists between Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao. This is
known as El Viejo Clásico (the old classic),[263] so named as the two clubs were
dominant in the first half of the 20th century, meeting in nine Copa del Rey finals
including the first in 1903.[264][265] Until 10 December 2011, this fixture was the
most played in the history of Spanish football, when it was surpassed by El
Clásico.[266]

Athletic Bilbao, who operate a policy of only using local players,[267] have long
since ceased to be a competitive rival to clubs such as Real Madrid who scour the
globe for the best talent; the Lions have collected no major trophies since 1984
and won only two of the 26 matches between the teams from 2005–06 to 2016–17.[263]
[268][269] However, the matches remain keenly fought due to their historical and
cultural significance, with some parallels to the political aspect of the
Barcelona/Catalonia rivalry as Athletic are the largest club in the Basque region.
[270][253][271]

European rivalries
See also: Real Madrid CF in international football § European Cup / UEFA Champions
League
Bayern Munich

Real Madrid players celebrating a goal against Bayern Munich in 2007

Real Madrid and Germany's Bayern Munich are two of the most successful clubs in the
UEFA Champions League/European Cup competition, Real winning fourteen times and
Bayern winning six times.[272][273] Although they have never met in a final, Real
Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in
the Champions League/European Cup with 26 matches (12 wins for Madrid, 11 wins for
Bayern, with 3 draws),[274] with several controversial incidents occurring due to
the great importance of most of their meetings.[275][276][277] Real Madrid
supporters often refer to Bayern as the "Bestia negra" ("Black Beast").

During the 2010s, the two teams met in the 2011–12 Champions League semi-finals,
which ended 3–3 on aggregate (Bayern won 3–1 on penalties after extra time, but
lost the final at their own stadium), and then at the same stage in the 2013–14
edition with Real Madrid winning 5–0 on aggregate on their way to winning the
competition.[278] They were also drawn together in the 2016–17 quarter-finals; Real
Madrid won 6–3 on aggregate after extra time and subsequently lifted the trophy.
[274] The following year, they met in the semi-finals, with Real Madrid again
progressing 4–3.[279] Until the 2018–19 season when they were twice defeated in
Madrid by three-goal margins,[280][281] Real's biggest loss at home in the
Champions League had been at the hands of Bayern on 29 February 2000, 2–4.[282]

Juventus
Another match that is often played in the European Cup/Champions League is Real
Madrid vs Juventus, the most decorated Italian club. They have played each other in
21 matches and have an almost perfectly balanced record (9 wins for Juventus, 10
wins for Real Madrid, 2 draws), as well as nearly the same goal difference (Madrid
ahead 26 to 25).[283][284][285]

Pre-match display at the 2017 Champions League final between Real Madrid and
Juventus
Their first meeting was in the quarter-finals of the 1961–62 European Cup, which
Real Madrid won 3–1 in a replay held in Paris.[284] At the quarter-final stage in
1995–96, Juventus prevailed 2–1 over the two legs and went on to lift the trophy.
[284] In the 1998 UEFA Champions League Final between the teams in Amsterdam, Real
Madrid won 1–0.[284][286] They met again in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League semi-
finals, when both clubs were in their respective 'golden eras'; Juventus won 4–3 on
aggregate.[284] By that time, star midfielder Zinedine Zidane, who played for the
Bianconeri in the 1998 final, had moved from Turin to Madrid in a world record €77
million deal.[287]

The teams met again in the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League group stage, with Madrid
winning 2–1 at home and drawing 2–2 away en route to their tenth title. In the
2014–15 UEFA Champions League semi-finals, former Real Madrid player Álvaro Morata
scored one goal in each leg to take Juventus to the final, winning 3–2 on
aggregate, while Cristiano Ronaldo scored both goals for Madrid.[284] They faced
off again in the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final in Cardiff, with Ronaldo scoring
twice as Real Madrid won 4–1.[284][288][289]

The latest Champions League meeting was in the 2017–18 quarter-finals, which Real
Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate; the tie ended in dramatic and controversial fashion,
with a debatable penalty awarded to Real Madrid in the last minute of the second
leg after Juventus built a 3–0 lead at the Bernabeu to pull level in the tie
following a defeat at the Allianz Stadium by the same scoreline.[290][291]
Cristiano Ronaldo scored three goals over the two matches including the decisive
penalty and a spectacular overhead kick,[292] and having won the Champions League
with Madrid for a fourth time,[293] he transferred to Juventus a few months later
for a €117 million fee.[294]

Finances and ownership

It was under Florentino Pérez's first presidency (2000–2006) that Real Madrid
started its ambition of becoming the world's richest professional football club.
[295] The club ceded part of its training grounds to the city of Madrid in 2001,
and sold the rest to four corporations: Repsol YPF, Mutua Automovilística de
Madrid, Sacyr Vallehermoso and OHL. The sale eradicated the club's debts, paving
the way for it to buy the world's most expensive players, such as Zinedine Zidane,
Luís Figo, Ronaldo, and David Beckham. The city had previously rezoned the training
grounds for development, a move which in turn increased their value, and then
bought the site.[67] The European Commission started an investigation into whether
the city overpaid for the property, to be considered a form of state subsidy.[296]

The sale of the training ground for office buildings cleared Real Madrid's debts of
€270 million and enabled the club to embark upon an unprecedented spending spree
which brought big-name players to the club. In addition, profit from the sale was
spent on a state-of-the-art training complex on the city's outskirts.[297] Although
Pérez's policy resulted in increased financial success from the exploitation of the
club's high marketing potential around the world, especially in Asia, it came under
increasing criticism for being too focused on marketing the Real Madrid brand and
not enough on the performances of the team.[70]

By September 2007, Real Madrid was considered the most valuable football brand in
Europe by BBDO. In 2008, it was ranked the second-most valuable club in world
football, at €951 million (£640 million / $1.285 billion),[298] only beaten by
Manchester United, which was valued at €1.333 billion (£900 million).[299] In 2010,
Real Madrid had the highest turnover in football worldwide.[300] In September 2009,
Real Madrid's management announced plans to open the club's own dedicated theme
park by 2013.[301]

A study at Harvard University concluded that Real Madrid "is one of the 20 most
important brand names and the only one in which its executives, the players, are
well-known. We have some spectacular figures in regard to worldwide support of the
club. There are an estimated 287 million people worldwide who follow Real
Madrid."[302] In 2010, Forbes evaluated Real Madrid's worth to be around €992
million (US$1.323 billion), ranking them second only to Manchester United, based on
figures from the 2008–09 season.[303][304] According to Deloitte, Real Madrid had a
recorded revenue of €401 million in the same period, ranking first.[305]

Along with Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao and Osasuna, Real Madrid is organised as a
registered association. This means that the club is owned by its supporters who
elect the president. The president cannot invest his own money,[306] and the club
can only spend what it earns, which is mainly derived through sponsorships,
commercial partnerships, merchandise sales, television rights, prize money, and
ticket sales. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in
the club, but only a membership.[307] The members of Real Madrid, called socios,
form an assembly of delegates which is the highest governing body of the club.[308]
As of 2010, the club had 60,000 socios.[309] At the end of the 2009–10 season, the
club's board of directors stated that Real Madrid had a net debt of €244.6 million,
€82.1 million lower than the previous fiscal year. Real Madrid announced that it
had a net debt of €170 million after the 2010–11 season. From 2007 to 2011, the
club made a net profit of €190 million.[310][311]

During the 2009–10 season, Real Madrid made €150 million through ticket sales, the
most of any club in top-flight football.[310] Real Madrid has the highest number of
shirt sales per season, around 1.5 million.[310] For the 2010–11 season, Madrid's
wage bill totalled €169 million, which was second-highest in Europe behind
Barcelona;[312] furthermore, its wage bill to turnover ratio was the best in Europe
at 43 percent, ahead of Manchester United and Arsenal at 46 percent and 50 percent,
respectively. In 2013, Forbes listed the club as the world's most valuable sports
team, worth $3.3 billion.[313] Real Madrid was valued at €3.47 billion ($4.1
billion) in 2018, and in the 2016–17 season it was the second highest-earning
football club in the world, with an annual revenue of €674.6 million.[8] In
November 2018, the average first-team pay at Madrid was £8.1m ($10.6m) per year,
making it the second-highest paid sports team in the world after Barcelona.[314]
[315] In 2022, Forbes listed Real Madrid as the most valuable football club in the
world, at $5.1 billion.[7]

Popular culture
Real Madrid was the featured club in the second installment of the Goal! football
movie trilogy, Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007). The film follows former
Newcastle United star Santiago Muñez as he is first scouted, and then signed by
Real Madrid for the 2005–06 season. The film's creators wanted to put emphasis on
the changes in Muñez's life after his move to Madrid. Production was done with the
full support of UEFA, allowing the film crew to use many real life players in cameo
roles. Real Madrid squad members featured in the film included Iker Casillas,
Zinedine Zidane, David Beckham, Ronaldo, Roberto Carlos, Raúl, Sergio Ramos,
Robinho, Michael Owen, Míchel Salgado, Júlio Baptista, Steve McManaman and Iván
Helguera. Non-Real Madrid players to make cameo appearances included Ronaldinho,
Thierry Henry, Lionel Messi, Samuel Eto'o, Andrés Iniesta, Pablo Aimar, Freddie
Ljungberg, Cesc Fàbregas and Santiago Cañizares. In the film, both Florentino Pérez
and Alfredo Di Stéfano presented the fictional player Muñez to the club after his
signing.[316]

Real, The Movie is a 2005 part feature, part documentary film that showcases the
worldwide passion for Real Madrid. Produced by the club and directed by Borja
Manso, it follows five sub-stories of fans from around the world and their love for
the club. Along with the fictional portion of the film, it also contains real
footage of the squad, during training at Ciudad Real Madrid, matches, and
interviews. Although the film mentions all of the squad, it mainly focuses on
galácticos such as David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Raúl, Luís Figo, Ronaldo, Iker
Casillas, and Roberto Carlos, among others. The film was originally produced in
Spanish, but has been dubbed for their worldwide fanbase.

The book White Storm: 100 years of Real Madrid by Phil Ball was the first English-
language history of Real Madrid. Published in 2002, it talks about the most
successful moments of the club during its first centenary, having been translated
into various languages. In late 2011, Real Madrid released a digital music album,
entitled Legends, and a remix of the club's anthem, "Himno del Real Madrid," was
released as the first single from the album.[317]

Real Madrid TV
Real Madrid TV is an encrypted digital television channel, operated by Real Madrid
and specialising in the club. The channel is available in Spanish and English. It
is located at Ciudad Real Madrid in Valdebebas (Madrid), Real Madrid's training
centre.

Hala Madrid
"Hala Madrid" redirects here. For the club's anthem, see Hala Madrid y nada más.
Hala Madrid is a magazine published quarterly for the Real Madrid club members and
the Madridistas Fan Club card holders.[318] The phrase Hala Madrid, meaning
"Forward Madrid" or "Go Madrid", is also the title of the club's official anthem,
which is often sung by the Madridistas (the club's fans).[319] The magazine
includes reports on the club's matches in the previous month, as well as
information about the reserve and youth teams. Features often include interviews
with players, both past and present, and the club's historic matches.[318]

Video games
Real Madrid has appeared in many football-based video games, namely in the FIFA and
Pro Evolution Soccer series. A Real Madrid player has appeared on the cover of both
titles a combined seven times.

In 2007, Spanish game publisher Virgin Play signed a deal with the club to make
officially licensed Real Madrid video games. The only one released under the deal
(due to Virgin Play's liquidation in September 2009) would end up being Real
Madrid: The Game, which was developed by Atomic Planet Entertainment and was
published under Virgin Play's publishing division V.2 Play in May 2009 for the
PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Windows, Wii and Nintendo DS exclusively in
European territories Virgin Play released their products in. The game featured a
career mode with a mixture of role-playing and simulation as well as arcade-styled
Football gameplay.

Honours
For a comprehensive listing of Real Madrid honours, see List of Real Madrid CF
records and statistics § Honours.
Real Madrid CF honours
Type Competition Titles Seasons
Domestic La Liga[19] 35 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58,
1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72,
1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89,
1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17,
2019–20, 2021–22
Copa del Rey[19][320] 19 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947,
1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11,
2013–14
Copa de la Liga[19] 1 1985
Supercopa de España[19][321] 12 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008,
2012, 2017, 2019–20, 2021–22
Copa Eva Duarte 1 1947
Continental European Cup/UEFA Champions League[19] 14 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–
58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–
17, 2017–18, 2021–22
UEFA Cup[19][322] 2 1984–85, 1985–86
UEFA Super Cup[19] 5s 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2022
Latin Cup[19][20] 2s 1955, 195