Immunology,

Serology and Blood Banking

LECTIN
CORRESPONDING FUNCTIONS OF IL, HLA MARKERS Anti-A Dolichos biflorus
IL-1 Fever HLA-B7 Multiple Sclerosis Anti-B Griffonia simplicifolia
IL-2 T cell growth HLA-B8 Grave’s disease, Anti-H Ulex europaeus
Myasthenia gravis, Anti-M Iberis amara
Type 1 DM Anti-N Vicea graminea/ Bauhinia variegata/ Bauhinia purpura
IL-3 Multi-colony stimulating HLA-B27 Ankylosing spondylitis,
factor Reiter’s syndrome AGGLUTINATION REACTION GRADING
IL-4 Class Switching from IgM HLA-DR2 Goodpasture’s 0 No Agglutination/ Hemolysis
to IgG, IgE syndrome, Narcolepsy W+ Tiny agglutinates w/ turbid background
IL-5 Activate Eosinophils HLA-DR3 Celiac, SLE, Type 1 DM 1+ Small agglutinates w/ turbid background
IL-6 CRP production HLA-DR4 Pemphigus, 2+ Medium agglutinates w/ clear background
Rheumatoid Arthritis, 3+ Several large w/ clear background
Type 1 DM 4+ One solid agglutinate
IL-8 Stimulator of Eosinophils
IL-12 Enhance NK Cells DISEASE CORRELATED
CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION T CELL B CELL C1 C5
CD 2 Pan T cell; (+) Sheep RBCs CD 2 CD 19 C2 Lupus-like syndrome C6 Neisseria
C4 C7 infections
CD 3 Mature T cell CD 3 CD 20 C3 Severe recurrent infections; C8
CD 4 T helper cell CD 4 CD 21 Glumerulonephritis
CD 8 T cytotoxic cell CD 5 CD 22 C9 No known disease associated C1NH Hereditary
CD19 Pan B cell CD 7 CD 23 Angioneurotic
CD 25 Activated T cell CD 8 Edema

CLASSICAL TRANSPLANT ANTIGENS GEL TEST GRADING REAGENTS IN VDRL
HLA-A A 4+ 0.03% cardiolipin Isolated from beef heart; for reactivity
HLA-B B 3+ 0.9% cholesterol Center for absorption of tissue lipids to increase
HLA-C2 C 2+ size of antigen
HLA-DR D 1+ 0.21% lecithin Produce standard reactivity
HLA-DQ E 0

DRB, RMT 2019 1

INTERPRETATION ENZYME (EIA) SOURCES
AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION ACHe Electrophorous electicus
(+) absence of agglutination ALP E. coli
(-) presence of agglutination Beta-galactosidase E. coli
SINGLE LINEAR IMMUNODIFFUSION Glucose oxidase A. niger
(+) precipitin band G6PD Leuconostoc mesenteroides
SINGLE RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION Lysozymes Egg White
(+) precipitin rings Malate dehydrogenase Pig Heart
DOUBLE IMMUNODIFFUSION Peroxidase Horseraddish
Identity ∩
Non-Identity × 1 RBC unit 1 g/dl Hgb
Partial = 1 platelet pooled unit 5,000 to 10, 000/ul
MAJOR crossmatch (PS-DR) Patient Serum, Donor Red Cell
ONE STAGE ELECTROPHORESIS MINOR crossmatch (PR-DS) Patient Red cell, Donor Serum
Rocket/ Laurell (+) Precipitin Rockets (bullet-shaped)
Counterimmunodiffusion (+) Precipitin Lines BLOOD COMPONENTS
Light spin, then hard spin PRP
TWO STAGE ELECTROPHORESIS Hard spin, then light spin FFP
Classic (+) Precipitin Arc
Immunofixation (+) Precipitin Bands FFP (thawed) 24 hrs
Crossed/ 2D (+) Precipitin Rockets Cryoprecipitate (thawed) 6 hrs
Pooled unit (thawed) 4 hrs
COMPLEMENT FIXATION
(+) absence of hemolysis NOMENCLATURE
(-) presence of hemolysis CD R1 Rh0 D
ASO TITRATION DE R2 rh’ C
(+) no hemolysis cde rr rh’’ E
(-) hemolysis D R0 hr’ c
hr’’ e

DRB, RMT 2019 2

 AB neg px during transfusion Allowable amount of blood to be drawn in ml
RBC A- B- AB- O-
Whole blood AB- only J' C1 )-+ × 450 @)
=
Plasma AB+ (no prior transfusion) 110 )-+.

NUMBER OF H ANTIGENS Amount of Anticoagulant needed

O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B
())/J(-)& (@' '/ -& */))&*'&2
= × 14
100
BLOOD BAG COLORS (RA 1517)
International FDA Amount of Anticoagulant to be removed
A blue Yellow
B yellow Pink = 63 @) − MG 1&&2&2
AB pink White
O white Blue

COMPUTATIONS
,-.
% %&'() *&))+ = × 100
*&))+ */01'&2

You can do it, RMT! Philippians 4:13

% %&'() *&))+
.5, = × 5('&61() -)2. 8/) (5,000)
100

.5,
=ℎ/?(@ = + 1
30

1/. /% 01C'+
1/. /% 01C'+ '/ -& *6/++@('*ℎ&2 =
%6&D. '/ (1'C*/(?0)(1' 1 ×
(%6&D. '/ (1'C*/(?0)(1' 2)

°. − 32
°G =
1.8

°. = 1.8 × °G + 32

DRB, RMT 2019 3