Understanding Sleep: Benefits and Stages
Understanding Sleep: Benefits and Stages
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Text A
Text D
Iksung, South Korea: You should definitely go and live abroad. The best
Reasons people learn foreign languages way to learn a language is to be with native speakers and not speak your
own language.
personal interest, enjoyment
Alexei, Russia: I use the internet all the time. It’s a really cheap and easy
degree requirement way to learn. You have to be careful though as not all websites are good.
use in future career Cara, Italy: I think watching films with English subtitles is very helpful.
My friends listen to English music but I don’t think that’s a very good way
future travel or study abroad to learn.
family background
other Questions 21–25
Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given
in the texts above. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
Text B 21. A The most common reason for learning a language is to understand
films and music.
Scientists believe learning a second muscles. Studies show that people who 22.
B More people learn another language because of their studies rather
language increases brainpower. regularly speak more than one language 23. than their family.
Researchers from University College are better at problem solving. In addition
C People who speak more than one language are often better at
London studied the brains of 105 people. students who study foreign languages 24.
subjects with numbers.
80 of these people were bilingual. They often score better in tests than students
25. D Language learning boosts the brain when you speak the second
found learning other languages changed who only speak one language. This is
language often.
the part of the brain which processes particularly true in maths, music, reading
information. They compared this change and understanding vocabulary. E The University of Edinburgh tested different ways of learning music.
to the way in which exercise builds F It is easier to remember words when you sing them.
G Reading words on a screen can help you learn a language.
H Any website can be a good place for language learning.
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The benefits of studying a second language: Do not copy from the texts. Use your own words as far as possible.
• pleasure — something enjoyable and interesting to learn You should plan your article before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box:
• the language is required in order to study for a (26.)
• get a better job and progress in a career Planning notes
• (27.) is increased by learning languages
• foreign language students often get higher marks in (28.)
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You should plan your essay before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box: Task 1 — Long reading
Read the following text about transport and answer the 15 questions on page 3.
Planning notes
Now write your essay of 100–130 words on the lines below. Paragraph 3
In 1863, all of the trains used steam engines. Because these engines were powered by very hot water
and fire, the tunnels were smoky, steamy, and noisy. People wanted some fresh air, but it was difficult
to get it into the tunnels and stations. The tunnels were dark, too. The train cars and stations were
made of wood, and lighted with gas. Sometimes there were accidents because of fires.
Paragraph 4
Before the London Underground opened, people were very scared about the idea of going into
underground tunnels. Many were afraid of the tunnels full of the smoke, the steam and the noise
from the train engines. And indeed, travelling in the tunnels of the first underground system was
a very noisy, dark, and smelly experience. But on the first day, the new London Underground
carried 40,000 passengers. It was very quick, and the trains ran every 10 minutes. The people
of London fell in love with their new train system.
Paragraph 5
The London Underground had three classes of travel. First class was the most expensive and
most comfortable. Second class was less expensive but still comfortable. Third class was the
opposite of first class. When the London Underground opened, the third class tickets were the
most popular. About 70% of the tickets sold were these cheap tickets for ordinary working
people. Nowadays the prices have gone up, but the underground experience around the world
is definitely cleaner and quieter!
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18. shares lots of practical ideas from different people about how to improve a
local river?
Questions 6–10
19. calls for more political action and public education to protect a nearby river?
Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given in
the text on page 2. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order). 20. shows some changing patterns in the state of health of a particular river?
6. A The stations and tunnels of the first underground system were smoky. Text A
15. When the London Underground opened, most of the tickets sold were the
.
Waste from Oxygen (O2) Fish numbers Water birds Rubbish Chemicals from
factories levels in water down 3% down 2.4% up 14% farms in riverbed
up 6.4% down 3.5% up 5.5%
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Text C
Questions 26–30
The city is getting millions from the government to improve the River Lamm! How should it The notes below contain information from the texts on pages 4 and 5. Find an exact number, word or
spend the money? phrase (maximum three words) from texts A–D to complete the missing information in gaps 26–30.
Paul: I’ve always thought that the river would be great for kayaking so how about a Write the exact number, word or phrase on the lines below.
watersports centre for people to do things like that?
Notes
Marcus: It would be great to see people using the river for transport, like in the old days.
The main causes of river pollution:
Divna: Fear stops a lot of people going to the river! Even a little lighting along the
• industrial pollution, eg waste from factories
riverbank would help people to feel safe.
• agricultural pollution, eg (26.)
Alex: I’d like to see one of the old factories become a museum of the city’s
industrial history. • dumping large domestic items, eg fridges, bikes
• household rubbish, eg (27.)
Inge: @Alex And some quality waterside cafés would attract visitors too.
Ideas for improving the riverside environment:
Simone: @Divna I agree – security cameras too, to protect people from criminals!
• developing sporting facilities, eg (28.)
Alex: @Inge Hopefully they’ll close that fast food place – that would mean less litter • encouraging transportation, eg pleasure boats, canal boats
on the ground!
• creating public eating places, eg (29.)
Questions 21–25
Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given
in the texts above. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
21. A The Big Clean-up and tree-planting projects are improving the River Vico.
22. B Waste paper and cardboard are causing serious pollution in the River Mêle.
C Some people don’t go to the River Lamm because they are worried
23.
about safety.
24. D The water quality on the River Tollen has continued to improve.
25. E The Big Clean-up Project on the River Vico takes place once a year.
F On the River Tollen rubbish has increased more than farm or factory pollution.
G Money needs to be raised for improvements to the River Lamm.
H The paper factory near the River Mêle is an important local employer.
Turn over page page 5 page 6 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.
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Do not copy from the texts. Use your own words as far as possible. Planning notes
You should plan your essay before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box:
Planning notes
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19. says that one activity is the best for your whole body?
20. talks about doing a variety of activities in the same place? Text D
Text A
Physical Activity — People are doing less
If you are looking for a new regular exercise routine perhaps
you can try swimming? There are a lot of reasons why we
think swimming is the best exercise. UK USA
31%
The four swimming styles exercise all of the muscles in your body. It is a great activity as
there is more breath control compared to running, and this increases the oxygen in your Dropped 20% between Dropped 32% between
body, causing your muscles to work harder. Unlike running, swimming doesn’t cause so 1965 and 2015 1965 and 2015
of adults worldwide did not
much damage to joints such as knees and ankles.
do enough exercise in 2012 May fall 15% more by 2030 May fall 14% more by 2030
You do not need any special equipment; you only need a swimming costume, cap and
goggles. Why not go to your local swimming pool today?
Questions 21–25
Text B Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given
in the texts above. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
What are your opinions on going to the gym?
Pippa: I try to get to the gym at least three times a week but if I’m busy I only go once
a week. I listen to music while using the running machine for 40 minutes. I have a really 21. A Swimming is better than running because more oxygen reaches
good pair of trainers. Sometimes I do the aerobics classes too. your muscles.
22.
B You need to control your breathing more in running than swimming.
Alex: I go to the gym every day to lift weights as I want to make my upper body stronger, 23.
especially my arms. C Pippa doesn’t go to the gym as often as she wants to.
24. D Sunny thinks diet is less important than exercising.
Chris: I am too busy to do exercise. I’m careful with what I eat so I think it
isn’t necessary. 25. E Sally thinks walking is a good way to meet new people.
Sunny: @ Chris – It’s important to exercise as well as taking care of what you eat. You F Sally says that going to the gym is better than walking in the countryside.
feel much better after exercising. G In 2012 most people did enough exercise.
H The number of people not doing exercise will fall more in the UK than
the USA by 2030.
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Notes say what equipment you need to have for each activity and
talk about a recent trend in exercise.
Activities to get fit: Do not copy from the texts. Use your own words as far as possible.
Swimming You should plan your article before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box:
• Gives all muscles in body a total workout
• Needs good (26.) — this increases oxygen so muscles Planning notes
work harder
Gym
• Can do different activities such as running, (28.) or
lifting weights
• Can be a very sociable/friendly activity Now write your article of 100–130 words on the lines below.
• Can (29.) than more intense exercise
Worldwide trend
• Fall in physical activity since 1965
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You should plan your letter before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box: Task 1 — Long reading
Read the following text about film industries and answer the 15 questions on page 3.
Planning notes
Paragraph 1
Where is the world’s biggest film industry? Most people would probably guess that it’s the
United States, or Hollywood. It’s usual to think that the large American film companies, with all
the money they have, have spread all over the world and destroyed local film industries. The
fact is, though, that the real situation is quite different. Film industries around the world are
very much alive.
Paragraph 2
The answer to the question depends partly on what we mean by ‘biggest’. There are actually
several possible answers, and some would surprise a lot of people. If we’re talking about how
many films different countries make, there is definitely one clear winner. The number of films
made in India is far greater than any other country, and seems to rise every year. Most people
(No marks are given for these planning notes)
have heard of Bollywood, which took its name from the centre of film-making, Bombay (now
called Mumbai). But in fact there are nine different regions producing their own films in sixteen
different languages.
Now write your letter of 100–130 words on the lines below.
Paragraph 3
America isn’t even the country that makes the second highest number of films. In fact, it’s
Nigeria in West Africa, which produces nearly 50 films every week. Nigeria has made films
since the 1960s, but the growth of cheaper technology has now made its film industry into
the second biggest employer in the country after the government.
Paragraph 4
If we look at the amount of money that the films earn, however, the USA does come out on
top, followed by China (which replaced Japan in second place in 2013). One reason for this is,
of course, the very large audience for Chinese films, at home and internationally. There is
also the fact that, to help their film industry, the Chinese government has put a limit of 20
per year on the number of new foreign films that cinemas can show.
Paragraph 5
Local film industries, in fact, are growing almost everywhere, from Iran to South America
and from Egypt to Vietnam. They may not be as large as, for example, Nigeria, but the same
cheaper film-making technology now available makes it possible for them to keep going and
do well. Everywhere you look, it seems, local film industries are managing to fight back against
the spread of American-made ‘international’ film entertainment.
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Questions 6–10 19. discusses the type of people who learn languages?
Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given in 20. offers advice on improving speaking and listening skills?
the text on page 2. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
Text A
6. A It is easy to say which country has the biggest film industry.
To: sara@[Link]
7. B Film-making in India happens in more than one area. From: cathy@[Link]
C Nigeria has made about 50 films a week since the 1960s. Subject: Languages
8.
D Films are more expensive to make than they used to be.
9. Hi Sara
E Until recently, the Japanese film industry earned the second You asked me for some advice about learning a new language. As you know I have learnt a couple
10. highest amount of money in the world. of foreign languages so I am a good person to ask!
F The text gives two reasons for the success of Chinese films. First of all I think you should try to attend a class rather than doing a course online. You need to
try and use the language by talking to others. If you go to a class you can practise by chatting with
G Many countries in the world have successful film industries. other students.
H New ways of film-making have helped local film-making to grow. I also think you can watch films or listen to music and songs in the language you’re learning, then you
will start to understand more when you hear the language.
Good luck!
Questions 11–15 Cathy
Complete sentences 11–15 with an exact number, word or phrase (maximum three words) from the text.
Write the exact number, word or phrase on the lines below. Text B
11. People who think America is the biggest film-making nation don’t understand Our language course
. Sara: I’m finding our French language course really challenging. Is anybody else?
12. If someone asks where the biggest film industry is, there will be
13. If you compare the number of films different nations make, India is the George: @Sara & Pablo Why don’t you use the internet to help you? I’ve found
. lots of websites with fun practice activities for both grammar and vocabulary.
14. American films are the most successful if we’re talking about the Lori: I agree with George. I also exchange emails with people who have French as their
first language. It’s a good way to improve. Why don’t you try it?
they make.
Sara: @Lori Good idea!
15. Chinese movies have a both in China and abroad.
Turn over page page 3 page 4 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.
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Questions 21–25
Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given
in the texts above. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
Turn over page page 5 page 6 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.
ISE I ISE I
You should plan your article before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
Planning notes
make some notes to help you in this box:
Planning notes
(No marks are given for these planning notes) Now write your email of 100–130 words on the lines below.
Turn over page page 7 page 10 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.
ISE I ISE I
page 2 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks. Turn over page page 3
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Questions 21–25
Text B Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given
in the texts above. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
To: student@[Link]
Subject: Course joining instructions
21. A In the first week, students will do some drawing at the museum.
Dear Students 22. B Students on the course will copy a design to print on their T-shirts.
Welcome to the summer course. Carla Rossi will be your teacher on the fashion course. She has C The students have to arrange their own accommodation for the course.
worked as a teacher of fashion for 6 years. 23.
Carla will meet you in reception at 10 o’clock on the first day. Your bedroom will be ready for you when D Students must be in the fashion studio at 11 o’clock on the first day.
24.
you arrive, so you can take your bags to your room. E Paul Bergen started his own T-shirt business after he finished the course.
Classes will start at 11 o’clock. These take place in the fashion studio. You’ll need a drawing book, 25.
F May Lee preferred making clothes to going to the museum and shops.
watercolour paints and paper for taking notes. Have your phone with you to take photos of your work.
Don’t forget the white T-shirt for the printing workshop. G The students liked the T-shirt printing lesson as much as the visits.
Kind regards H Most students have got a job in fashion since the course ended.
Jeff Banks
Student Services Manager
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Do not copy from the texts. Use your own words as far as possible.
Smart Fashion School
You should plan your letter before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
Two-week course make some notes to help you in this box:
The course
• Museum visit
• Print a T-shirt
• See the (27.) clothes in shops
• Make clothes
• Bring:
Now write your letter of 100–130 words on the lines below.
— (28.) for writing in class
— a drawing book
— paints
— phone
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You should plan your email before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box: Task 1 — Long reading
Read the following text about Madeline Island and answer the 15 questions on page 3.
Planning notes
Paragraph 1
Madeline Island is in Lake Superior in America. Lake Superior is the biggest freshwater lake
in the world, but Madeline Island is tiny. In 2007, the population of the island was 250 people.
Since then it has gone up by about 50 people, as new people have moved there and families
have had children. In summer, temperatures are high, but in winter it is freezing!
Paragraph 2
The people of Madeline Island have to use different forms of transport in different weather.
There is a ferry that runs for most of the year and carries passengers and vehicles. In the winter
the water freezes. Then people drive across the lake on a road of ice. This goes from the island
to the town of Bayfield. When the ice road is closed, the islanders have to travel by something
called an ‘ice angel’. This means of transport looks like a boat, but it travels across the ice.
(No marks are given for these planning notes)
Paragraph 3
The people of the island have used the ice road for many years. When the ice in the lake is
Now write your email of 100–130 words on the lines below. thickest, the road is wide and can take three cars in each direction. At either side of the road,
there is a line of trees. This shows drivers where the road is in heavy snow. The road is only safe
when the ice is thick enough. Drivers can call a special phone number and a message will tell
them if cars can use the road to cross.
Paragraph 4
Over the years, the ice has started to get thinner. A local teenager, Forrest Howk, did a school
project on this. He discovered that in the past 150 years the length of the ice season has reduced
by 45 days. In both 1998 and 2012, the road did not open at all. At times like this, and at the
beginning and end of winter, the ice is too thin to be safe. This is when the islanders have to
travel by ice angel.
Paragraph 5
The ice angel cannot carry vehicles or heavy objects, but it does carry the post and food across
from the mainland. Arnie Nelson drives the ice angel. He says, ‘There are days when I don’t
want to do it, as the weather is so miserable out there.’ But Arnie has driven the ice angel for
38 years. There have only been a few times when he hasn’t made the journey because of bad
weather. He continues, ‘People travel to work or school on it and it is an essential service for
the local people.’
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B The future of Madeline Island As you read each text, decide which text each question refers to. Choose one letter — A, B, C or D —
2. Paragraph 2
and write it on the lines below. You can use any letter more than once.
3. Paragraph 3 C Three ways to travel from the island
D Cold winters are becoming shorter Which text
4. Paragraph 4
E The ice angel is usually reliable 16. describes a fun way to learn a new language without paying for it?
5. Paragraph 5
F Some facts about Madeline Island 17. talks about the lack of interest in learning another language?
18. shows that language learning is more effective when you use it regularly?
13. The drivers can see the trees at the edges of the road when there is According to the National Centre for is a problem. Many companies sell their
Languages in Wales, the lack of foreign products in other countries and so they
. language options is a big disadvantage need people who have the right language
for young people. Students in primary skills. They feel the education system
14. The ice angel isn’t able to take cars and .
and secondary schools in Wales study is not working. Students lose interest
15. Arnie thinks that the ice angel is for the people of English and Welsh but they don’t have or they just aren’t confident in another
the island. to study a third language. In fact, the language. What they would like to see
number of students who choose another are more conversation classes in foreign
language has fallen for the past few languages, especially in local colleges.
years. For some businesses in Wales, this
Turn over page page 3 page 4 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.
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Questions 21–25
Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given
in the texts above. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
21. A An online course allows people to learn at the right speed for them.
22. B Watching films in a foreign language is a good way to learn new vocabulary.
C Learning a new language can be exciting but also very tiring.
23.
D It’s an advantage to have good language skills if you work for a company
24. that sells abroad.
25. E Most parents don’t think that students need a native language teacher.
F Online language courses are available in several different languages.
G Students don’t understand why foreign languages are important.
H More parents in Brazil think after-school language classes are important
for success than parents in the USA.
Turn over page page 5 page 6 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.
ISE I ISE I
You should plan your essay before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
Planning notes
make some notes to help you in this box:
Planning notes
(No marks are given for these planning notes) Now write your article of 100–130 words on the lines below.
Turn over page page 7 page 10 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.
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• Have you ever wanted to surf the perfect wave? Now you can without even going in the sea.
We’ll take you to the best surf pool. Wave machines under the water create great waves, big or Indoor rock climbing
small. The pool even has heated water!
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000
• Perhaps you’ve wanted to see nature underground. Well, you can go caving with our experts.
You have the chance to explore caves only a few people have ever seen.
Look at our website [Link] for further details
Questions 21–25
Choose the five statements from A–H below that are TRUE according to the information given
Text B in the texts above. Write the letters of the TRUE statements on the lines below (in any order).
Giorgia: $ORWRISHRSOHVD\FDYLQJLVUHDOO\ULVN\EXWWKDW¶VQRWP\ G More people went surfing than indoor climbing in 2005.
H[SHULHQFH,W¶VMXVWVRFRROWRORRNDWURFNVWKDWDUHPLOOLRQVRI\HDUVROG H Indoor rock-climbing became more popular than surfing in a period
of ten years.
Alberto: <RXJX\VDUHDOOFUD]\,¶GUDWKHUJRWRWKHEHDFKEHFDXVHZKHQ
,JRRQKROLGD\,ZDQWWRUHOD[
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Indoor climbing You should plan your article before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box:
• Climbing experts created a variety of (26.)
Surfing
• Possible to do surfing in huge heated indoor pool
• (29.) can create waves up to 12 metres high
• Surfing in the sea is more natural and exciting
(No marks are given for these planning notes)
Caving
• Possibility to see and (30.) nature underground
Now write your article of 100–130 words on the lines below.
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ISE I
You should plan your review before you start writing. Think about what you are going to write and
make some notes to help you in this box:
Planning notes
page 10 This exam paper has four tasks. Complete all tasks.