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Verification of Newton's Second Law

This lab report describes an experiment to verify Newton's Second Law of Motion using an Atwood machine. The experiment measures the acceleration of two masses connected by a string and pulley system for different mass combinations. The theoretical acceleration is calculated from Newton's Second Law and found to be directly proportional to the difference between the masses. The experimental acceleration is also measured for each mass combination by timing the motion. A graph is plotted showing a linear relationship between the experimental and theoretical accelerations and the mass difference, verifying Newton's Second Law.

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Hachibur Rahman
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249 views4 pages

Verification of Newton's Second Law

This lab report describes an experiment to verify Newton's Second Law of Motion using an Atwood machine. The experiment measures the acceleration of two masses connected by a string and pulley system for different mass combinations. The theoretical acceleration is calculated from Newton's Second Law and found to be directly proportional to the difference between the masses. The experimental acceleration is also measured for each mass combination by timing the motion. A graph is plotted showing a linear relationship between the experimental and theoretical accelerations and the mass difference, verifying Newton's Second Law.

Uploaded by

Hachibur Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHYSICS LAB 1
Summer 2020-2021
Section: (B-8) Group: 1

LAB REPORT ON
Verification of Newton's Second Law of Motion by Atwood Machine.

Supervised By
Dr. Farzana Sabeth

Submitted By:
Name ID Contribution
1.KANIZ FARIA AHMED 22-46429-1

2.A.S.M AKIL CHOWDHURY 22-46423-1

3. MD. HACHIBUR RAHMAN 22.46426-1

4. RIFAT TALUKDER 22-46428-1

5. MILTON NEOGI 22-46432-1

6. SADIA AFROZ SHUPROVA 22-46462-1


Physics 1 Lab | Expt. # 2

Theory:

Newton’s second of motion tells that force causes acceleration and the relationship
between net force acting on an object, Fnet and its acceleration, a is: Fnet = ma, where m is
the mass of that object.
In Atwood machine, two masses m and M are suspended by a piece of inelastic light
string that passes over a pulley in a vertical plane as the fig. 2.1 shows. The two masses
are connected with a string, because of this, they must have same tension, T and
acceleration, a.

Considering the upward direction as positive, neglecting


friction
and mass of the pulley and applying Newton’s second law of
motion we get

T for M: F net = T – Mg = – Ma,

T for m: F net = T – mg = ma
M
a Solving these two equations
, we get the theoretical
acceleration
as
D
a g
ath = ሺM − mሻ
ሺM + mሻ
m
As acceleration due to gravity g is constant in a particular
place and taking total mass (M+m) constant for the Atwood
Figure 2.1: Arrangement of an
machine, according to Newton’s second w la we get
Atwood machine. HereM  m.
ath ∝ ሺM − mሻ

According to fig. 2.1 the mass M falls a distance D in time t from rest. Applying the
knowledge of equations of motion (D = ut +1/2 at2), we can calculate the experimental
acceleration by

For different mass combination, (M-m) we will get different experimental accelerations, aex. If
we find a linear relationship between aex and (M-m) for the Atwood machine, we can say that
Newton’s second law is verified.

3Page 2 of 4
Physics 1 Lab | Expt. # 2

2.Graph:

M-m ath aex a vs (M-m)


300 429.29 503.83
600
250 350.24 398.09
200 280.19 280.89 500
150 210.14 234.98 f(x) = 1.45509714285714 x + 34.5313333333333
400
100 140.095 186.67
50 70.05 130.58 300

200

100

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

ath Linear (ath)


aex Linear (aex)

3Page 3 of 4
Physics 1 Lab | Expt. # 2

3.Apparatus:
Pulley, two hangers, different masses, string, stand and clamp, meter scale and stop watch.

4.Procedure:
*First we hold the light mass on the floor attached to one end of a string.Heavy one a height D from the
floor attached to the other end of the string is up in the air.Then we measured D with meter scale.
*Then we left the light mass and measured the time it took to read the heavy much.We did the test for 7
different mass differences,(M-m).For each run,obtained the value of acceleration in (cm/s2)experimentally
as well as theoretically.The total mass (M+m) is always fixed.
*Using Excel plot acceleration(ath and aex) versus mass difference (M -m) graph.

3Page 4 of 4

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