MCL345 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

Homework Assignment 3 (30.08.22)

Submission deadline: Tuesday 7th Sep 2020, Submit on Moodle by 10 pm

1. Hydrogen is a possible future fuel for spark-ignited engines promising much cleaner
combustion (less emissions). It comes with a higher heat density (QHV = 120 MJ/kg) compared
to the gasoline (QHV = 44 MJ/kg) on mass basis. However, a disadvantage is that due to lesser
molecular weight it displaces more air in the intake manifold, hence leading to lesser air intake
which is proportional to the partial pressure of the air. For H2 and gasoline fuel (C8H18),
compare the following for the same SI engine running at same rpm and operating at unity
equivalence ratio (φ = 1):
a. Stochiometric air to fuel ratio
b. Partial pressure of air in the intake manifold
c. Heat content in the fuel-air mixture entering the engine per cycle
For comparison, engine parameters such as displaced volume, rpm etc. can be kept in symbolic
form. Assume total mixture pressure and temperature in intake manifold after fuel injection
and complete vaporization of gasoline are same as that with H2.
2. Blending of gasoline with hydrogen is also advantageous for making the fuel-air mixture
easier to burn. Furthermore, addition to hydrogen downstream at part load can increase the
intake pressure and reduce the pumping work. For a ``mixed`` fuel composition of H2 + C8H18
with one mole of hydrogen for one mole of gasoline, calculate:
a. The stochiometric air/fuel ratio for the mixed fuel
b. Heating value of the mixed fuel, taking the QHV of individual fuel from the above
example
c. Heat content in the fuel-air mixture entering the engine per cycle

3. Engine operation with iso-octane and the mixed (H2 + C8H18) fuel is compared in a particular
engine at a part-load condition (brake-mean effective pressure of 275 kPa and 1400 rev/min).
You are given the following information about the engine operation:

Estimate approximately the inlet manifold pressure with (H2 + C8H18) fuel. Explain your
method and assumptions clearly. Note that the mechanical efficiency ηm is defined as
4. For a two-stroke diesel engine, the charging efficiency can be estimated from measurement of
the CO2 and O2 concentration in the burned gases within the cylinder, or in exhaust blow-down
pulse prior to any mixing with the fresh air. For an engine with Bore = 125 mm, Stroke = 150
mm, compression ratio = 15 running at 1800 rpm, these values on dry basis (after H2O removal)
were CO2 = 7.2 % and O2 = 10.4 %. If the measured supplied fuel flow rate was 1.6 g/s and air
flow rate for scavenging was 80 g/s, evaluate:
a. The charging (scavenging) efficiency
b. The delivery ratio
c. The trapping efficiency (assuming trapped mass = reference mass)
The conditions for evaluating reference mass or density are 300 K and 1 atm.

5. Explore with varying delivery ratio, how scavenging efficiency and trapping efficiency vary
for a perfect mixing model. Specifically, calculate their values for delivery ratio of 0.6, 0.8,
1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 etc. till 3.0 using an excel sheet and show table and plot in results. What could
be a reasonable delivery ratio for CI engines with need of high engine efficiency.