CIVIL ENGINEERING CENTER MAJOR: PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
LECTURER: HENG MARITH 1
CIVIL ENGINEERING CENTER MAJOR: PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
contents
1) Introduction
2) Prestressing Force
3) Loss
4) Structural Systems
5) SLS Flexural
6) ULS Flexural
7) ULS Punching Shear Design
8) Anchorage Zones Design
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3)Prestressed Loss
▪ Immediate loss:
Friction loss FR
Anchorage seating loss AS
Elastic shortening ES
▪ Long-term loss: Time dependent loss
Creep loss CR
Shrinkage loss SH
Steel relaxation RE
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3.1. Friction Loss (FR)
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3.2. Anchorage seating loss (AS)
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3.3. Elastic Shorting of concrete (ES)
• For bonded tendons Concrete compressive strength
usually used in prestressed
𝐸𝑠 𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖 𝑒 2 𝑀𝑔 𝑒 𝑀𝑔 × 𝑒 concrete f'c = 32MPa-35MPa
𝐸𝑆 = 𝐾𝑒𝑠 𝑓 ; 𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑟 = 𝐾𝑐𝑖𝑟 + − ; 𝑓𝑔 =
𝐸𝑐𝑖 𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝐴𝑔 𝐼𝑔 𝐼𝑔 𝐼𝑔
• 𝐾𝑒𝑠 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
• 𝐾𝑒𝑠 = 0.5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.
• 𝐼𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒, 𝐾𝑒𝑠 = 0 No elastic shortening
• 𝐾𝑐𝑖𝑟 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.
• 𝐾𝑐𝑖𝑟 = 0.9 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.
• 𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑟 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦
𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑.
• 𝑓𝑔 = 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑.
• 𝑀𝑔 = 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑.
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• For unbonded tendons
𝐸𝑠
𝐸𝑆 = 𝐾𝑒𝑠 𝑓
𝐸𝑐𝑖 𝑐𝑝𝑎
• 𝐸𝑠 = 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
• 𝐸𝑐𝑖 = 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟
• 𝐾𝑒𝑠 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
• 𝐾𝑒𝑠 = 0.5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.
• 𝐼𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒, 𝐾𝑒𝑠 = 0
• 𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑎 = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑐𝑝𝑎 = 𝑃/𝐴
▪ Question: At the time of stressing, the duct of post tensioned bonded
tendon is not yet grouted, should elastic shortening equation for
bonded or unbonded tendon used?
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Example 3: Loss due to elastic shortening for pre-tensioned beam
𝑓𝑐′ = 40𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑐𝑖′ = 30𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1860𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝐴𝑝𝑠 = 98.7𝑚𝑚2 ;
𝐸𝑝𝑠 = 193𝐺𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑗 = 0.75𝑓𝑝𝑢
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3.4. Creep of concrete (CR)
𝑀𝐷𝐿 × 𝑒
𝑓𝑐𝑑𝑠 =
𝐼𝑔
• K cr : maximum creep coefficient; 2.0 for normal weight concrete; 1.6 for sand-light
weight concrete
• K cir = 0.9 for pre-tensioned member
• K cir = 1 for post-tensioned member
• fcds = stress in the concrete at the center gravity of prestressing steel of the tendons
due to all sustained loads that are applied to the member after it has been stressed
• MDL
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Example 4: Loss due to creep for pre-tensioned beam
𝑓𝑐′ = 40𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑐𝑖′ = 30𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1860𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝐴𝑝𝑠 = 98.7𝑚𝑚2 ;
𝐸𝑝𝑠 = 193𝐺𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑗 = 0.75𝑓𝑝𝑢
Total super-imposed dead load after prestressing 6kN/m
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3.5. Shrinkage of concrete (SH)
𝑉 𝐴×ℎ ℎ
= = (flat slab)
𝑆 2𝐴 2
• 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 A × ℎ
• 𝑆 = 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 (𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒)
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Example 5: Loss due to shrinkage for pre-tensioned beam
𝑓𝑐′ = 40𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑐𝑖′ = 30𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1860𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝐴𝑝𝑠 = 98.7𝑚𝑚2 ;
𝐸𝑝𝑠 = 193𝐺𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑗 = 0.75𝑓𝑝𝑢
Total super-imposed dead load after prestressing 6kN/m
Prestressing force is applied at 7 days after end of curing. RH=70%
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3.6. Relaxation of tendon (RE)
C = is a function of both type of steel and the initial stress level in
the tendon (𝑓𝑝𝑖 /𝑓𝑝𝑢 )
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LECTURER: HENG MARITH 18
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Example 6: Loss due to relaxation for pre-tensioned beam
𝑓𝑐′ = 40𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑐𝑖′ = 30𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1860𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝐴𝑝𝑠 = 98.7𝑚𝑚2 ;
𝐸𝑝𝑠 = 193𝐺𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑗 = 0.75𝑓𝑝𝑢
Total super-imposed dead load after prestressing 6kN/m
Prestressing force is applied at 7 days after end of curing. RH=70%
270 Grade low-relaxation strand
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4. Character of elongation
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the embedded length of anchorage shall be at least 70mm-100mm
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Example7:
𝑓𝑐′ = 40𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑐𝑖′ = 30𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1860𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝐴𝑝𝑠 = 98.7𝑚𝑚2 ; 𝐸𝑝𝑠 = 193𝐺𝑃𝑎; 𝑓𝑝𝑗 = 0.75𝑓𝑝𝑢
Total super-imposed dead load after prestressing 6kN/m
Prestressing force is applied at 7 days after end of curing. RH=70%
𝜇 = 0.2; 𝐾 = 3 × 10−6 𝑚𝑚−1 . Anchorage slip 6mm. Beam section 400x700mm
270 Grade low-relaxation strand.
a) Calculate tendon elongation during and after tensioning
b) Calculate long-term prestress loss
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