EJBMR, European Journal of Business and Management Research

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2020

Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction

Rafia Hasan Taheri, Md. Shipon Miah and Md. Kamaruzzaman

it represents the emotional consequences that enable

Abstract — Nowadays, different organizations and employees to perform at the organizations [2]. In other
institutions are passing through challenges due to the fact of words, job satisfaction is the attributed compactness of
the working environment. For better job satisfaction working physiological, psychological, and environmental states to
environment is considered as the prime factor to be considered perform the designated role [3]. It is considered that, if
by the employers. To keep the steady upward growth of the employees are not satisfied with the rights, working
institutions it is mandatory to keep the efficiency, effectiveness,
productivity of the employees by providing different facilities.
environment, behaviors of coworkers, and supervisors in
And, working environment is the most crucial demand of the decision making then they detached from the organizations
employees. Therefore, providing better working environment is [4]. Here, Clark [4] also stated that the dissatisfied
also the prime concern of the organizations or institutions to employees are being jobless and the organizations need to
maintain the steady workforce for the business to run. The recruit new employees which made the organization cost
objectives of this study are to understand the impact of again for the same task. But the situations will prevail as the
working environment on job satisfaction by the quantitative working condition is not up to the mark. Therefore, the
and qualitative analysis of contributing characters. Data organizations need to make sure about the environment of
collections were done through a well-constructed performance for the employees to get better output from
questionnaire. The contributing populations were from two
organizations named Department of Agricultural Extension
them by setting the proper standard of their rights, working
and Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board. The sampling was environment, and behavior of coworkers and supervisors.
done specifically from the one of the districts in Bangladesh. B. Working Environment
The study showed significant impacts of working environment
on job satisfaction. As, without providing better facilities The working environment has two dimensions. The first
organizations can’t run properly, whereas- working one is the physical condition of the working place and the
environment is the prime concerning issue of the employee. second one is the social condition [5]. Results have shown
Therefore, this study concluded as for the better job that the worst scenario comes from those organizations that
satisfaction working environment needs to be focused. give less importance to the working environment [6]. And,
working environment complies with the job security,
Index Terms — Working Environment, Job Satisfaction, employee’s safety, appreciation of the performance,
Agricultural Extension, Rural Electrification. motivating facilities, and maintaining good understanding
among the coworkers and supervisors. He described as the
employee’s attachment with the organizations strengthen by
I. INTRODUCTION receiving proper importance from the organization.
The working environment is the prime concerning issue Although, factors like wage rate, flexible working period,
to run an organization. But many organizations fail to involving employees in decision making also play a vital
understand the importance of the working environment and role for better working environment [7]. Now a days, both
thus suffer a lot to keep up with the production in a steady employees and supervisors face critical situations if one of
upward manner. These types of organizations are considered them is not responsive to the other and it happens when the
as internally weak [1]. As employees are the contributor to a supervisor doesn’t give proper assessment or employees do
successful organization, therefore, meeting up with the not share ideas [8]. And, a proactive management system
required services from the employees providing proper gives a better working environment rather than of reactive
working environment is mandatory. A better working management system. Attaining the goal of an organization
environment ensures perfect output of the result. depends much on the understanding between employees and
Organizations need to ensure better environment for the supervisors whereas the smooth flow of information plays a
employees to keep them away from the situations which vital role to run the organization [9]. The above discussion
hinder productivity. And, enables the employees to work on made this study focus on the objectives to discover the
their full potential. Therefore, this study was conducted with impacts based on the relationship between the working
the objectives to understand the impact of working environment and job satisfaction.
environment on job satisfaction.
A. Job Satisfaction
II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Job satisfaction mainly is a mental attribute. It depends on
the employees and varies from person to person. Basically, A large amount of studies has already been made to grasp
the role of the working environment. Over time it gains
Published on December 11, 2020. more importance to study the impact of different levels of
Rafia Hasan Taheri, Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board, Bangladesh. working environment with job satisfaction. The study
(corresponding e-mail: [Link]@[Link]) implies that organization productivity depends largely on the
Md. Shipon Miah, Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh. physical condition of the working environment [10]. While
(e-mail: [Link]@[Link])
Md. Kamaruzzan, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China. appreciation gives employees to level up their efficiency
(e-mail: kamaru@[Link]). [11]. Research reveals that appreciation always provides
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 EJBMR, European Journal of Business and Management Research
Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2020

good outcomes than physical condition because physical years only regarded as the appropriate respondents.
condition never dissatisfied employees [12]. They found
appreciation develops the employees for long-term B. Data Analysis
motivation while the physical condition of the working A set of 15 questions were adapted for the questionnaire
environment can’t ensure job satisfaction. But it only to collect the data concerning the parameter need to be
improves the dissatisfaction condition to not dissatisfaction studied for the independent variables. Five-point Likert
wherein the absence of better physical condition of the Scale was used to collect the data ranging from full satisfied
working environment increase the dissatisfaction of the (1), satisfied (2), partially satisfied (3), poorly satisfied (4),
employees. It describes that employee’s productivity needs and no comment (5). And, other ranges were fully agreed
to be increased by given proper importance to the working (1), partially agreed (2), no comment (3), partially disagreed
environment concerning the employee's demand [13]. And, (4), and fully disagreed (5). The study suggests (based on
it also improvised that better understanding among the hypothesis) to perform the regression analysis to find the
coworkers and supervisors plays a prominent role in job actual interpretation of relation. Correlation analysis needs
satisfaction than that of wage rates and suggested to improve to be done to find the relationship among all the
the management skill to ensure the overall performances of components. The collected data were then analyzed with the
employees as for the better outcome of the organization.
software named statistical package for social sciences
From the discussion, it is clear that the working
(SPSS) version 25.
environment is the independent variable whereas job
satisfaction is the dependent variable. Therefore, job safety,
employee security, better understanding among coworkers
and supervisors, working hours, and wage rate could be the IV. RESULTS
parameters to study the working environment and its impact The opinion from the selected sample as the parameters of
on job satisfaction. All the parameters were categorized into study is showed in tables to understand the impacts of the
a physical (satisfaction level on office decoration, desk working environment concerning job satisfaction. From the
position, and sanitation and other physical condition), social descriptive statistics, the result represents 68% (34) male
(satisfaction level on the relationship with coworker, and employees and 32% (16) female employees of BREB,
relationship with the supervisor), secured (satisfaction level whereas 82% (41) male employees and 18% (9) female
on job security, and employee safety), and financial employees from DAE (Table 1). Which, in total represents
(satisfaction level on wage rate, motivational facilities, 75% male and 25% female participants for this study.
appreciation, and logistic support) component of the
working environment. This is why this study was made to TABLE I: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS TABLE
test the relationship between the working environment and Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent
job satisfaction. The hypothesis which is developed to Percent Percent
analyze the relationship between the variables is mentioned BREB
as H1. And, H1: working environment impacts job Gender
satisfaction. Male 34 68 68 68
Female 16 32 32 100

DAE
Gender
Male 41 82 82 82
Female 9 18 18 100

As the study was to find the relationship between the

working environment and job satisfaction. Therefore, to
understand the reliability of data for the implemented
questionnaire reliability statistics table was made. Although,
15 questions were made finally 11 questions along with the
job satisfaction level were analyzed. And, based on the
Fig. 1. Conceptual Framework.
standardized items for both organizations the result shows
the consistent value for the working environment (Table 2).
As the data shows consistency concerning the experienced
III. METHODOLOGY (3 years minimum) employees with the proportion of 75%
A. Population and Sample Size male and 25% female participants from both organizations,
therefore, we accept the alternative hypothesis as- working
The population for the study was made from the
environment impacts job satisfaction.
manpower of one the district (Moulvibazar district) of the
Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), and TABLE II: RELIABILITY STATISTICS TABLE
Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board (BREB). The data Cronbach’s Alpha
No of Cronbach’s
were collected through a well-constructed self-administered Items
Based on Standardized
Alpha
questionnaire and 50 respondents were chosen randomly Items
from each sector to provide the information. As it is well BREB
Working Environment 11 .207 .274
known that this type of questionnaire is most suitable for the
DAE
data collection [14]. Therefore, the study was followed by
Working Environment 11 .361 .381
this method. Employees having experience more than three

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Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2020

The factors loading reveals that in the case of BREB’s environment (physical working environment, social working
employee job satisfaction, the social working environment, environment, secured working environment, financial
and secured working environment are associated strongly working environment) regression analysis was done. The
with the primary component, while the financial working result reveals the significant impact of working environment
environment to the secondary component. On the other on job satisfaction (Table 5). In BREB, it shows the values
hand, DAE’s factors loading shows that a secured working of R, β0 and t are 0.888, -2.330, and -2.979, respectively
environment and financial working environment are with p < 0.05. Whereas, in DAE the values are 0.862, -2.754
strongly associated with the primary component, while the and -4.074, respectively with p < 0.05.
physical working environment to the secondary component The R values 0.888 (BREB) and 0.862 represent a
(Table 3). As the Cronbach Alpha represents the consistency
positive linear relationship of the working environment on
of data collection, therefore the data represents important
job satisfaction. Again, 0.788 (BREB) and 0.743 (DAE)
information between the relationship between job
variations in job satisfaction concerning the working
satisfaction and working environment.
environment were revealed by the justification of R2. The
TABLE III: ROTATED COMPONENT MATRIX FOR WORKING ENVIRONMENT statistically significant F values 41.84 (BREB) and 32.554
AND JOB SATISFACTION (DAE) with p < 0.05, and being the statistically significant t
Primary Secondary values -2.979 (BREB) and -4.074 (DAE) the null hypothesis
Component Component will be rejected. Therefore, the construction of the
BREB
regression equation can be formulated for two organizations
Physical Working Environment -.689
Social Working Environment .837 as below.
Secured Working Environment .823 For BREB,
Financial Working Environment .762
Y1 = β10 + β11X11 + β12X12 + β13X13 + β14X14 + E1 (1)
DAE
Physical Working Environment .796
For DAE,
Social Working Environment -.598
Secured Working Environment .832
Financial Working Environment .747 Y2 = β20 + β21X21 + β22X22 + β23X23 + β24X24 + E2 (2)
Note: Principal component analysis following varimax with Kaiser
normalization. where,
Y1 = Job Satisfaction in BREB, X11 = Physical Working
To reveal the relationship of job satisfaction and working Environment in BREB, X12 = Social Working Environment
environment correlation analysis were done. Result shows in BREB, X13 = Secured Working Environment in BREB,
that job satisfaction is significantly related to physical X14 = Financial Working Environment in BREB, E1 =
working environment (r1 = 0.423, p < 0.05), social working Standard Error for BREB, Y2 = Job Satisfaction in DAE, X21
environment (r2 = 0.692, p < 0.05) and secured working = Physical Working Environment in DAE, X22 = Social
environment (r3 = 0.596, p < 0.05) for BREB employees and Working Environment in DAE, X23 = Secured Working
the relation is positive (Table 4). Whereas, for DAE the Environment in DAE, X24 = Financial Working
relation is positive and significant not only for physical Environment in DAE, and E2 = Standard Error for DAE.
working environment (r1 = 0.627, p < 0.05), social working As X14 and X23 are not significant therefore the equations
environment (r2 = 0.301, p < 0.05) and secured working can be mentioned as follow.
environment (r3 = 0.376, p < 0.05) but also for financial
working environment (r4 = 0.393, p < 0.05). Y1 = β10 + β11X11 + β12X12 + β13X13 + E1 (3)

TABLE IV: CORRELATION MATRIX FOR WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND JOB Y2 = β20 + β21X21 + β22X22 + β24X24 + E2 (4)
SATISFACTION
Job So, the expression in the equation is as follows.
Physical Social Security Financial
Satisfaction
BREB
Job Y1 = – 2.33 + 0.426X11 + 0.568X12 + 0.36X13 + 0.782
1 (5)
Satisfaction
Physical .423** 1
Social .692** -.037 1 Y2 = – 2.754 + 0.674X21 +0.302X22 + 0.372X24 + 0.676
Security .596** .064 .379** 1 (6)
Financial .007 -.099 .071 -.119 1
DAE
Job Satisfaction in BREB = 0.426 (Physical Working
Job
Satisfaction
1 Environment in BREB) + 0.568 (Social Working
Physical .627** 1 Environment in BREB) + 0.36 (Secured Working
Social .301* -.069 1 Environment in BREB) – 1.548 (7)
Security .376** .065 .023 1
Financial .393** -.109 .109 .282* 1 Job Satisfaction in DAE = 0.674 (Physical Working
Note: ** and * represent the significance of correlation at 0.01 and 0.05 Environment in DAE) + 0.302 (Social Working
level (2-tailed), respectively. Environment in DAE) + 0.372 (Financial Working
Environment in DAE) – 2.078 (8)

To understand and specify the impact of the working

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Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2020

TABLE V: REGRESSION ANALYSIS ON THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT components and its determinant for better job satisfaction
Job concerning the working environment. Specifically, for these
Physical Social
Satisfaction
two organizations, the employees from BREB agree on the
BREB
(Constant) -2.330 .782 - improvement of the working environment concerning the
Physical Working Environment .164 .027 .426 physical, social, and security of the environment, whereas
Social Working Environment .268 .035 .568 the employees from the DAE agree on the physical, social
Secured Working Environment .175 .037 .360 and financial condition of the environment. These results
Financial Working Environment .033 .044 .052
also support the statement as positive relationships
DAE
(Constant) -2.754 .676 - harmonize employee's job satisfaction and facilities they got
Physical Working Environment .192 .022 .674 [19].
Social Working Environment .197 .050 .302 Considering the electronic era, now employees seek a
Secured Working Environment .173 .062 .221 more comfortable working environment. This is not just for
Financial Working Environment .167 .036 .372
the requirement, as it is the demand for highly qualified
Note: Here, job satisfaction is the dependent variable. R2 and F value were
0.788 and 41.84, respectively for BREB, whereas 0.743 and 42.554,
employees. The findings of the present study reflect that if
respectively for DAE, and all cases p < 0.05 no changes were made the level of job satisfaction among
the employees of these two organizations will be in the
diminishing trend. Therefore, proper initiatives need to be
V. DISCUSSION taken into action for the assurance of the employees better
The results of this research showed a significant working environment as well as to gain the most from the
relationship between the working environment and job employees. Because a well, adaptive, and comfortable
satisfaction. The employees from these two organizations working environment makes the employee committed to
expressed their opinion as to job satisfaction depends on the their efficiency and productivity.
working environment. To attain the goal with the
perspective of the organization's vision and mission
ensuring a better working environment is an obligatory VI. CONCLUSION
concept. As the employees becoming more and more Job satisfaction depends on the working environment. By
concerned about their facilities like wage rate, working providing the most the facilities with the working
hours, incentive, security, logistics, social interactions etc. environment it is possible to make the goal of an
therefore this study was made to understand the working organization accomplished. The study was made to
environment as a label of the physical, social, secured, and understand the impact of the working environment with the
financial working environment. And, thus to understand the objective of the insight component. From the result
primary and secondary component to provide a better employees from both of the organizations agrees on the
working environment for the employees’ job satisfaction. positive impact of the working environment on job
This research implies concerning the factors loading that satisfaction. At the same time, they mentioned the insights
the employees from the BREB considers the social working of the component for a better working environment.
environment and secured working environment as their Although, this study was made in a small range population
prime factors need to be given importance concerning job and without categorized the employee types it gives a
satisfaction, whereas the employees from the DAE think transparent view of employees about the working
secured working environment and financial working environment and label of expectations. As the study
environment need to be given importance on the same suggests BREB needs to patronize the working environment
perspective. This finding agrees with the result concerning concerning physical, social, and security aspects, while
the social and financial working environment [15]. As the DAE needs it to be done concerning the fact of physical,
statement, the working environment depends mostly on social, and financial aspects. But to conclude in a specific
friendship and recognition [16]. Therefore, to gain the most solution further research need to be done considering the
of the employees’ performance, both of the organizations types of employees in all the districts of the country.
need to improvise the facilities for its employees.
The correlation matrix of this study reveals that, in BREB
job satisfaction is statistically significant with the physical, ACKNOWLEDGMENT
social, and secured working environment. Whereas in DAE No potentials financial supports were made from
job satisfaction is statistically significant in the physical, anybody/any organizations except the time of the
social, secured, and financial working environment. participants. The authors would like to express heartiest
Therefore, it simply implies that both organizations need to gratitude to all the participants for their cooperation during
be improved the working environment for the employees. data collection through the questionnaire. Also, would like
This concept is stated as a supportive working environment to thank the reviewers and editors of this manuscript for the
that determines job satisfaction [17]. constructive support.
The regression analysis reveals that job satisfaction
strongly depends on the working environment. This finding
completely supports the statement- job satisfaction
influences mostly by the working environment [18]. The
present study, therefore, reveals the insight to understand the

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Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2020

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