REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
JULATON, MHARK KHEVEIN P.
BSME TMEC 3-1
SUBMITTED TO
ENGR. RODEL L. PANGHULAN, PME
TABLE OF
INTRODUCTION OF REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
CONTENTS
CONVERSION UNITS
METHODS OF REFRIGERATION
SIMPLE VAPOR COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS OF THE VAPOR
COMPRESSION CYCLE
PERFORMANCE OF RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSOR
MULTI - PRESSURE SYSTEM
TABLES AND GRAPHS
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Refrigeration is that branch of science
which deals with the process of reducing
and maintaining the temperature of a
space or material below the temperature
of the surroundings.
Refrigerant is the working substance in
a refrigeration which are AMMONIA,
REFRIGERATION 11, REFRIGERATION 12,
AND REFRIGERATION 22
CONVERSION UNIT
UNIT OF ENERGY AND WORK
1 Nm = 1 J
1 cal = 4.187 J
1 Btu = 252 cal = 1055 J
UNIT OF POWER
1 W = 1 J/s
1 Hp = 0.746 kW = 42.4 Btu/min
UNIT OF REFRIGERATING CAPACITY
ENGLISH UNIT
1 TR= 12,000 Btu/hr = 200 Btu/min
METRIC UNIT
1 TR= 3024 Kcal/hr = 50.4 kcal/min
SI UNIT
1 TR= 211 kJ/min = 3.52 kW
METHODS OF REFRIGERATION
SIMPLE VAPOR
COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION
SYSTEM
PROCESS WHICH PROCESS 1 -2, Reversible and
adiabatic compression from
COMPRISE THE saturated vapor to the condenser
STANDARD VAPOR
pressure
COMPRESSION CYCLE PROCESS 2-3, Reversible rejection
of heat at constant pressure
desuperheating and condensation
PROCESS 3-4, Irreversible expansion
at constant enthalpy from saturated
liquid to the evaporator pressure
PROCESS 4-1, Reversible addition of
heat at constant pressure in
evaporation to saturated vapor
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
P-H AND T-S DIAGRAM
ANALYSIS OF THE VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE
PROBLEM #1
An ammonia compressor operates at a
condensing temperature of 30 degree
celsius and evaporator temperature of -14
degree celsius. The suction vapor enters
the compressor at -7 degree celsius. The
liquid at the expansion valve in aftercooled
to 24 degree celsius. For a refrigerating
load of 100 kW of refrigerations
a) Mass of ammonia circulated in kg/min
b) Compressor work in kW
SOLUTIONS
P-H, AND T-S DIAGRAM A) B)
PROBLEM #2
A belt driven compressor is used in a
refrigeration system that will cool 10 L/s of
water from 13 degree celsius to 1 degree celsius.
The belt efficiency is 98% motor effeciency is
85% and the input of the compressor is 0.7 kW
per ton of refrigeration.
a) Tons of refrigeration produced
b) Actual COP
c) Amount of cooling water
d) Electric power input
SOLUTIONS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM A AND B C AND D
PERFORMANCE OF RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSOR
PROBLEM #1
It is desired to design a freon 12 making
unit to produce 5 metric tons of ice at
-9.5°C from ran water at 26.7°C in 20 hour
operation. The condenser temperature for
the sysstem is 35°C and the evaporator is
-16°C, Find
a) THE TONS OF REFRIGERATION
CAPACITY
b) THE KW CAPACITY OF THE DRIVING
MOTOR ASSUMING B COMPRESSOR
EFFICIENCY OF 75%
SOLUTIONS
SCHEMATIC, P-H, AND
T-S DIAGRAM A) B)
PROBLEM #2
A vapor compression refrigeration
system is designed to cool 9500 liters of
milk received each day from an initial
temperature of 27°C to a final temperature
of 3.33°C in 5 hours. The density of milk is
1.03 kg/L and the specific heat is 0.94
kcal/kg - °C
a) Determine the refrigerating capacity
in tons of refrigeration
b) Determine the size drive motor if the
actual COP is 5
SOLUTIONS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM A) B)
MULTI STAGE
SYSTEM
In many situations, one compressor
one compress serves two
evaporators having different
temperature requirements. An
example is an industry that needs low
temperature refrigeration for a
process and which must also provide
air-conditioning for some offices.
2 EVAPORATOR 2 COMPRESSOR
1 COMPRESSOR 1 EVAPORATOR
SCHEMATIC SCHEMATIC
2 EVAPORATOR 2 COMPRESSOR
1 COMPRESSOR 1 EVAPORATOR
P - H DIAGRAM P - H DIAGRAM
FORMULAS FOR
2 COMP 1 EVAP
FORMULAS FOR
2 EVAP AND 1 COMP
PROBLEM
In an ammonia system, one evaporator
is to provide 200 kW of refrigeration at -30
degree celsius and another evaporator is
provide 220 kW at 5 degree celsius. The
system uses two-stage compression with
intercooling and is arranged as shown
below. The condensing temperature is 40
degree celsius. Calculate the power
required by the compressors. What is the
COP of the system?
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTION
TABLES AND
GRAPHS
AMMONIA
R11
R12
R22
Thank you!
