LANGUAGE 5

Keynotes for the Fourth Quarterly Assessment

S.Y. 2022-2023
Main and Ledesco Campuses

 Compound and Complex Sentences and Paragraph Writing (pages 42-46)

A Compound Sentence is a sentence having two independent clauses or parts that were combine
to form a single sentence. If these parts are separated, they can stand on their own since they
have a complete information.
To join two independent clauses, writers often use a comma followed by a coordinating
conjunction.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
(compound sentence) Nobody wanted to live with the bat, so the bat decided to live alone.
(independent clause) Nobody wanted to live with the bat.
(independent clause) The bat decided to leave alone.

In the example above, the compound sentence also expresses a cause-and-effect relationship. A
cause is something that allows another thing to happen or the reason while an effect is the event
that happens because of the cause or the result. Going back to the first sentence above, we can
identify the following parts:
Cause (First event): Nobody wanted to live with the bat.
Effect (Next event): “the bat decided to live alone.”
Be careful of sentences with two subjects or two verbs—these are not the same as compound
sentences. The following sentence is not a compound sentence because there is only one subject
and because what comes after the conjunction “and” is not an independent clause:
Example: I came here to chew bubble gum and study grammar.
However, you can turn this sentence into a compound sentence by adding another independent
clause with a second subject:
I came here to chew bubble gum and study grammar, but I’m all out of gum.

A Complex Sentence is a sentence wherein dependent and independent clauses are

combined. These clauses are joined by subordinating conjunctions to show clear and precise
relationship.
The words because, as, in order that, since, although, as a result, so that, if, unless, and after
are some of the subordinating conjunctions you can use.
Dependent clauses don’t have a complete meaning and they cannot stand on their own.
Independent clauses have a complete meaning and can stand on their own.
Complex sentence: Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave.
 Dependent clause: because my coffee was too cold
Independent clause: I heated it in the microwave.

When the dependent clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, use a comma to separate it
from the independent clause.
In the example above, the complex sentence also expresses a problem and solution
relationship. Going back to the first sentence above, we can identify the following parts:
problem (First event): because my coffee was too cold
solution (Next event): I heated it in the microwave.

More Examples:
1. Bella needs to take iron supplement after the lab result revealed she is anemic.
problem (First event): after the lab result revealed she is anemic
solution (Next event): Bella needs to take iron supplement.

2. Since mother is tired from work, I offered to cook dinner.

problem (First event): since mother is tired from work
solution (Next event): I offered to cook dinner.

 Kinds of Sentences according to Purpose (pages 36-40)

1. A declarative sentence is used to make a statement and it ends with a period (.).

Examples:
I will go to the store tomorrow.
I told her not to come late.
We walked to the mall together.

2. An interrogative sentence is used to ask a question and it ends with a question mark (?).

Examples:
Will you go to the store tomorrow?
Did you tell her not to come home late?
Did you walk to the mall together?

3. An exclamatory sentence is used to express strong feeling or emotion, such as happiness,

anger, or surprise. It is punctuated with an exclamation point (!).

Examples:
I couldn't believe how tall giraffes are!
I'm leaving!
Stop!
 4. An imperative sentence is used to make a command or request and it ends with a period.

Examples:
Walk quietly.
Take down notes.
Bring your materials tomorrow.

A request is expressed in a polite manner using expressions like please, kindly, etc.
A command tells or orders a person to do something without using expressions like please or
kindly.

 Proofreading (pages 236-243)

In writing, it is possible that we overlook some mistakes we make while writing a paragraph, a
composition, or a letter. Thus, it is very important for a written work to be proofread by someone
else like a classmate or a teacher.

Proofreading is the stage of polishing your written work. At this point, you pay close attention to
the text and correct errors in spelling, grammar, and mechanics. The following is a list of
questions that can help you proofread your written work.

1. Do all my verbs agree with their subjects in number?

2. Is the tense in my paragraph consistent?
3. Have I used the correct form of each pronoun?
4. Are all adjectives and adverbs used correctly?
5. Are all the first letters of first words of sentences capitalized?
6. Are all the first letters of proper nouns and proper adjectives capitalized?
7. Does each sentence end in the proper punctuation mark?
8. Are commas, colons, apostrophes, and quotation marks used properly?
9. Have I checked for any misspelled word?

Below are some proofreading symbols and what they mean.

Symbol Task
insert
set period
capitalize letter
lowercase
close up
begin a new paragraph
add a comma
change order of the letters
delete letter or word

Example: