6 In 2002, a Scottish study showed that A there is a strong link between stress and heart problems. B there is a link between high stress levels and hospital visits. © reduction in stress would reduce the risk of heart attacks. D_ men with high levels of stress felt no physical symptoms. For classification items, locate the part of the text which refers to the three options you are given. Read this part of the text carefully ant look for ideas that match the ideas in the questions. Remember, the wording will not be the same 2s in the question! Questions 7-9 Classify the following characteristics as being associated with A only men B only women © both men and women Write the correct letter A, B or G next to questions 7-9. 7 There may be a variety of causes of stress... 8 Their way of dealing with stress can protect the heart. 9 Increased heart disease is linked to stress at home. .. Questions 10-13 Classify the following characteristics as being associated with A pain B weight © sleep Write the correct letter A, B or C next to questions 10-13. 10 The problem is reduced if stress is lowered. 11 An increase in the severity of this problem may be related to work. 12 Stress may cause levels to increase or decrease. .....~ 43 This problem may be the result of the body's natural reaction to stress. Keeping fit 3. Br| 4 Life, leisure 1.1 | Think about how you would answer the following questions. 1 Do you think people work too much nowadays? 3 2 What do you like to do to relax? 4 What is your idea of a perfect day? How would you describe your attitude to life? 1.2 © 42 Now listen to four people answering these questions and decide which of the words in the box best describes each speaker. pessimist realist optimist risk-taker Speaker 1. see Speaker 3 Speaker 2 Speaker 4... 1.3 © 48’ Listen to the speakers again and complete the following phrases. Speaker | work hard for ..rs.s fe has its . Speaker2 — | tive life on. Speoker3 | hoveo . something in life; feet your quality attitude; life is full of. Speaker 4 live life to. 0 hoppy life 1.4 Make a note of any of these words and phrases that apply to you and then answer the questions in 1.1 again. 22Lifestyles 4 2 COLLOCATION Complete the words or phrases in CO dae the sentences with fife or living. Which answers are . written as one word? Note the difference between life and living. Life is used to refer to the period between birth and 1 Going to Egypt and seeing the pyramids was a once in death, living is used to refer to being alive, make a time opportunity for me. a living refers to earning money. 2 The standard of .. in my country is very good: there are not many poor people there. 3. Inmy job as a nurse I get to meet people from all walks of... 4 Forme, being a vegetarian is not just about diet, it has become 2 way of. 5 Many people only think about bills they need to pay and forget to allow for everyday they calculate a budget. expenses when 6 Itwasa tong ambition of mine to travel to the Arctic Circle and see the northern lights. 7 Arise in petrol prices inevitably leads to a rise in the cost of... 8 The happiest people are those who have found a way to make o wo ftom their hobby. Miteisure = 3.1 Read the text and decide whether the sentences below are true or false. Match the words in bold in the sentences with one of the underlined words or phrases in the text. Leisure activity isnt just for fun, says a University of Florida psychologise who has developed a scale that classifies hobbies based on needs they satisfy in people. The scale can help people find more personal fulfilment by giving them insight into what chey really like. “The surprising thing is thae activities you might chink are very different have similar effects on people,’ said Howard E.A. Tinsley, a UF psychology professor who developed the measurement. ‘Probably no one would consider acting to have the same characteristics as roller-skating or playing baseball, but men and women who act as a hobby report feeling an intense sense of belonging to a group, much the same way others do in playing sports. ‘And activities providing the strongest sense of comperition are noc sports, but card, arcade and computer games, he found. Participating in soccer satisfies our desire for a sense of belonging’ and coin collecting and baking fulfil their need for ‘creativiry” “With se many people in jobs chey don’: care for, leisure isa prized aspect of people's lives,’ Tinsley said “Yet it's nor something psychologists really study. Economists tell us how much money people spend skiing, but nobody explains why skiing ceally appeals to people.’ Or how one actviry relates to another, perhaps in unexpected ways, Tinsley said. Fishing, generally considered more of an outdoor recreational activity, for example, isa form of selFexpression like quilting or stamp collecting, because it gives people the opporcunity to express some aspect of their personality by doing something completely different from their daily routine, he said. 3 Both acting and roller-skating give people a strong feeling of being part of a team. 2 Taking part in sports gives you the strongest desire to win. intense. sense. 3. Collecting things satisfies people's desire for making things. .... 4 Researchers already know why a hobby attracts a person. 5 Fishing allows you to show the type of person you are. 234 Lifestyles 13.2 | Now took at the remaining words and phrases that have been underlined in the text and match them to these 1 definitions. 2 feeling of doing what you have always wanted to do a deep understanding a feature of something that is done for enjoyment in your free time. (x3) things you do every day 4.4 COLLOCATION Match the verbs with nouns from the box. You may use the words more than once, achieve aneed goal f abalance a living Play senmsnsnnnnnnenn Soe ie make put achange an opportunity set achance pressure (on) a decision Met take C miss << 4.2. Correct the 14 vocabulary mistakes in the text. 24 Although we have a better standard of living nowadays, in many ways our quality of life is not as good as in the post because we are always too busy to enjoy what we have. Everyday life today is much mare complicated than in the past. Even in our leisure time we have to take So many choices about what to do or even what to watch on TV, We are often spoilt for choice and this can leave us feeling confused and dissatisfied, We all know that itis important to get a balance between work: and play, but many of us do not succeed. Instead, we make extra pressure for ourselves by trying to be as successful in our work life as in our personal ife Life in the past was much simpler as many people worked to get their basic needs. Today, for many of us, our job is, not just @ way of making a life. For many, work is an important role in our everyday life and gives us a strong sense of personal fulfilment. What is more, we have become much more materialistic. Many people get themselves goals such as buying a new house 0 car and so we measure our success by the material things we own. Desiring these luxuries is what motivates us to work rmuch harder than in the past, so in many ways we choice this way of life, We have worked hard to improve our standard of living, but it may have come at a very high price, We need to take some changes in our priorities so that family occasions are as important as business meetings. We should also make every possible opportunity to relax and enjoy our leisure time. Once you have given the decision to do this, you should find that your quality of life also improves. My ultimate aim is to have a happy family life. IF get this goal then I know [ will not regret any chances I have lost to stay longer at the office. AOE Benet u 7 Bane . 8 B 9 14 10Lifestyles 4 Test practice You will have time at the start of each listening section to look at the questions. Read all of the information carefully. For notes completion questions you should check how many words you need to write. You should also use the information in the questions to help you predict the type of word you need to listen for (e.g. a number, a date, or name) Listening Section 2 @4 Questions 1-10 Complete the notes using NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Things to do in the holidays * Main problem ~ children do not have a traditional (1), Some ideas * Give children jobs, for example cleaning the (2). + At home, ask children to help in the (3)... + Get children to make (4). wou aHead of time. * Get children involved in community work such as visiting the (5) « Involve older children in long-term (6)... on in your community. + You may get some ideas from the (7) * The local (8). so is often the best place to find ideas. Things to remember + Make sure childran stay (9) Children up to the age Of (10)... Need to be supervised by an adult. 25WMistudy 1.4. Before you read the text, answer these questions. 1 5 Study, education, research Do you prefer to study A atschoolorcollege 8 ina library ¢ athome? Do you study best A early inthe morning 8 during the day © at night? Do you prefer to work A. with friends & with background music ¢ in silence? 1.2 Now complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the box. There may be more than one possible answer so try to use each verb once only. concentrate do learn overcome organise study take teach review revise Even the most studious among you wilt probably have difficulty studying at some stage in your academic career. If or when this happens, the only way to (1). .. this problem is to go back to basics. First, make sure you have a comfortable environment to (2). in, Some students need to have a quiet space to themselves and can’t (3)... if there are too many distractions. Others need some sort of background noise, such as music or the company af friends. Whatever your personal preference is, you need to (4. this first of all. Next, make sure you have all of the equipment or tools that you need. For example, if you are (5). a geography course and you have ta (6)... about countries and their capital cities then you will need to have your atlas to hand. If you're (7). your maths homework then be sure to find your calculator, ruler, protractor and compass before you start. Perhaps you're not preparing a homework assignment or project. bout are trying t0 (B)uunnnn for an exam. If so, you need to know exactly what is on yous curriculum. You should &l50 (9)..snnnnnnnnw YOUF NOtes and make sure that you have a clear understanding of what your lecturers have (10) om YOU. OF course, people with a learning disorder such as dyslexia may need to work harder than others at their studies as they often struggle to read even relatively simple texts 1.3. Now read the text again and find a word or phrase to match these definitions. 26 describes someone who studies a lot things that stop you from working a sound you can hear, but do not actively listen to two different types of homework or SchOOl taSk urns and to study for an exam another word for syllabus to check your work see to do something with great difficulty1.4 | Underline the correct words in each sentence. 1 I would really like to learn chout / study about the ancient Egyptians. We need to find out / know where to buy the tickets for the concert. 1 got into trouble at school because I didn’t know / find out my multiplication tables. 1 did well in the test because I had known / learned how to spell all of the words on the list. Excuse me, do you find out / know where the nearest post office is? It was difficult for me to learn / study at home, because we didn’t have a lot of space. I want to learn how / study how to drive a car. I think you can only really learn from / learn with experience. MiEducation _ 24 Teacher Student @>52 Replace the words in italics below with ONE word. Then listen to the recording and check your answers. an you tell me about your early education? ne) Well, [ went to | a-sehoo! for very young children from the age of four and I remember that I didn’t enjoy it very much at all. My 2 from the age of § to 11 school was alittle better, especially because my mum was a teacher in the school. She taught in the 3 younger part of the school and she was actually my teacher in first * fevel, but when I went up to the ° older part of the school Student life 5 —&~ Know = already have the information; find out = get the information, Study = learn about a subject through books / a course: I'm studying low; I'm studying for my exams. We don't use any other prepositions after study. NOT amstudying sboutlow. Learn = get new knowledge or skills: I'm learning English; I'm learning to knit. Note that we say you are toking 0 course, NOT learring-e-cowese NB Prepositions after learn: learn cbout, earn from, learn to: [learned a lot from this course. NOT Heeeaed alot ith this course. I didn’t see very much of her. After that I was lucky enough to receive a chance to goto school without paying fees for a very good " from age 11 to 18 school. My parents couldn't have afforded to send me to a ® not free school so it was a really great opportunity for me. It was a % only for one sex school, so there were no boys. I'm glad I didn't go to a "° for boys and girls school because | think there are fewer distractions so everyone can just concentrate on their studies inderaarten 6 7 Oo 8 Words ending in -ist are usually used to describe a 9 . person who studies a particular subject or who holds 2 particular set of beliefs: economist, scientist, feminist, Marxist. r