Physics 104: Physics for Engineers
Rotational motion is like x angular displacement, rad
Describes spinning
motion position
is like v
angular velocity, rad/s
r velocity
is like a
r
angular acceleration, rad/s^2
tangential acceleration
Two components to acceleration
1. Centripetal
Toward center
Changes direction only since
perpendicular to v
2. Tangential (linear)
Tangent to circle
Changes speed only since parallel to v
Equations of kinematics
for rotational motion are
same as for linear motion
A figure skater is spinning at 0.5 rev/s and then pulls her
arms in and increases her speed to 10 rev/s in 1.5 s. What
was her angular acceleration?
10rev/s
5rev/s
s
Req’d:
angular acceleration,
=?
A ceiling fan has 4 evenly spaced blades of negligible
width. As you are putting on your shirt, you raise your
hand. It brushes a blade and then is hit by the next
blade. If the blades were rotating at 4 rev/s and stops
in 0.01 s as it hits your hand, what angular
displacement did the fan move after it hit your hand?
0 rev/s
rev/s
s
Req’d:
Angular displacement,
=?
Forces in Rotational Motion
1. A Centripetal force is the component
of force acting on an object in Tangential
curvilinear motion which is directed
towards the axis of rotation or center
of curvature.
2. A Centrifugal force is a pseudo force
in a circular motion which acts along
the radius and is directed away from
the center of the circle.
Forces in Rotational Motion
3. Tangential force is the force acting
on a body in a circular motion in the Tangential
tangential direction of a curved path.
Formulas:
Torque ( τ ) is a measure of the force that can cause an
object to rotate about an axis (N-m)
Moment of Inertia ( I ) measures how much an object
wants to keep rotating (or not start rotating)
- Use calculus to find
- kg-m2
Torque,
From the formula in Tangential Force,
From Formula in Tangential Acceleration,
Moment of inertia of a particle
- Newton’s second law for rotation
- α is in rad/s2
Work for rotation Conservation of Mechanical
Energy
Remember that the KE can
include both translational
and rotational.
Kinetic Energy
Zorch, an archenemy of Superman, decides to slow
Earth’s rotation to once per 28.0 h by exerting an
opposing force at and parallel to the equator.
Superman is not immediately concerned, because he
knows Zorch can only exert a force of 4.00×107 N (a
little greater than a Saturn V rocket’s thrust). How long
must Zorch push with this force to accomplish his
goal? (This period gives Superman time to devote to
other villains.)
1 rev/28hr
rev/24hr
Req’d:
time,
=?
A solid sphere (m = 2 kg and r = 0.25 m) and a thin spherical
shell (m = 2 kg and r = 0.25 m) roll down a ramp from rest
that is 0.5 m high. What is the velocity of each sphere as it
reaches the bottom of the ramp?
Solid: 2.65 m/s
Shell: 2.42 m/s
Notice masses canceled so mass didn’t matter
Given:
Solid Sphere:
=2
= 0.25
=0.5
=0m
= 0 m/s
rad/s
Required:
___m/s
Linear momentum When you rotate something you
p = mv exert a torque.
More torque = faster change in
Angular momentum
angular momentum
L = Iω
Unit:
kg m2/s Like
ω must be in rad/s
Linear momentum of a system is conserved if
p0 = pf
Angular momentum of a system is also conserved if
L0 = Lf
A 10-kg solid disk with r = 0.40 m is spinning at 8 rad/s.
A 9-kg solid disk with r = 0.30 m is dropped onto the
first disk. If the first disk was initially not rotating, what
is the angular velocity after the disks are together?
Given:
Disk 1:
Disk 2:
𝑟𝑎𝑑
0.8 𝑘𝑔𝑚 8 + 0.405 𝑘𝑔𝑚 0 = 0.8 𝑘𝑔𝑚 + 0.405 𝑘𝑔𝑚 𝜔
𝑠
Required:
Angular Momentum conserved if net external
torque is zero
Linear Momentum conserved if net external force
is zero
Kinetic Energy conserved if elastic collision
