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Energy Changes in Bungee Jumping Analysis

1) Gareth throws a ball from rest to a speed of 6.0 m/s in 0.80 seconds. The acceleration of the ball is calculated to be 7.5 m/s^2. 2) Two boys stand at either end of a trolley that can move without resistance on a horizontal surface. The trolley is initially at rest. 3) Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with time.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

322 views82 pages

Energy Changes in Bungee Jumping Analysis

Uploaded by

Damesha Manoharan

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 82

June 2012 PH1

6 Examiner
only
4. (a) By referring to the diagrams, discuss some of the energy changes involved in a bungee
jump. You should make reference to gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy and
elastic potential energy in your answer. [5]
A B C D
At the start Free fall, cord slack Cord stretching At the lowest point

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01)

7 Examiner
only

(b) A bungee jumper of mass 70 kg jumps from a high bridge using a bungee cord of natural
length 80 m. When he reaches the lowest point for the first time the length of the cord is
130 m. Calculate

(i) the loss of gravitational potential energy from his position on the bridge to the
lowest point for the first time, [2]

(ii) the stiffness constant (k) of the bungee cord assuming the cord obeys Hooke’s law
and that there are no losses due to air resistance, [3]

010007

1321

(iii) the extension of the cord when he finally comes to rest (after having ‘bounced’ a
few times). [2]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01) Turn over.

8 Examiner
only

5. The astronauts of Apollo 14 played golf on the Moon. They struck a number of shots such as
the one shown below.

16 m s –1

40°

(a) (i) Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of velocity of the golf ball at the
instant it was struck. [2]

(ii) Describe the essential difference between the horizontal and vertical components
of velocity during the flight of the ball. [1]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01)

9 Examiner
only

(b) The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is 1.6 m s-2. Assuming the shot is played on
horizontal ground, calculate

(i) the total time of flight, [3]

(ii) the horizontal distance the ball travels, [1]

(iii) the maximum height reached. [2]

1.
....................................................................................................................................................................................

2.
....................................................................................................................................................................................

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01) Turn over.

13 Examiner
only

7. The force due to air resistance Fair exerted on a skydiver due to her motion through the air is
given by

ρ Dv 2
Fair =
2

where ρ is the density of air, v is the speed of the skydiver and D is a constant called the drag
factor.

(a) Show that the SI unit of D is metre2. [4]

(b) The diagram shows two of the main forces acting on the skydiver during her descent.

Fair

Weight

(i) Newton’s third law concerns pairs of forces. State the law. [1]

(ii) Give one reason why the forces in the diagram are not a pair of Newton 3rd law
forces. [1]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01) Turn over.

14 Examiner
only

Time / s 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
–2
Acceleration / m s 9.8 8.8 6.6 4.3 2.5 1.4 0.8 0.4 0.2

(i) The mass of the skydiver is 60 kg. Calculate her weight. [1]

(ii) Using your answer to (c)(i) and the information in the table, calculate the force
due to air resistance acting on the skydiver at t = 10.0 s. [3]

(d) (i) Draw a graph of acceleration (y-axis) against time (x-axis) for the skydiver. [3]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01)

15 Examiner
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(ii) Use your graph to estimate the velocity of the skydiver at t = 10.0 s. [2]

(iii) Using your answers to (c)(ii), (d)(ii) and the equation given at the start of the
question, calculate a value for the drag factor, D. Assume ρ = 1.2 kg m−3 [2]

THERE ARE NO MORE QUESTIONS IN THE EXAMINATION.

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (1321-01)

Jan 2012 PH1

5 Examiner
only

3. Two boys stand each end of a trolley as shown. The trolley is initially at rest and can move
without resistance on a horizontal surface.

Gareth Nigel

(a) (i) Define acceleration. [1]

(ii) Gareth takes 0.80 s to throw a ball from rest to a speed of 6.0 m s –1. Calculate the
acceleration of the ball. [2]

010 0 0 5
13 21
(b) Describe and explain in terms of forces, the motion of the trolley from the instant the
ball is released by Gareth until after it is caught by Nigel. [4]

(1321-01) Turn over.

6 Examiner
only

4. The hydroelectric power station at Dinorwig in North Wales is the largest of its kind in Europe.
A simplified diagram showing the main features of the plant is shown.

High-level
reservoir.
Capacity
= 7.0 × 106 m3

Down pipe

Flow of water
Mean height of high- to generate
level reservoir = 600 m Low-level
electricity reservoir

turbines and generator

(a) Use the information in the diagram to show that the gravitational potential energy
stored in the high-level reservoir is approximately 4 × 1013 J.
[Density of water = 1000 kg m–3]. [2]

(b) The power plant has six 300 MW generators. Calculate the longest time for which the
stored energy could provide power at maximum output given that the generation process
is 90% efficient [i.e. 10% of the gravitational potential energy stored in the high level
reservoir is wasted]. [3]

(1321-01)
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(c) (i) Calculate the mean rate of flow of water (in kg s –1) through the turbines of the
power station when it is operating at full power. [1]

(ii) After passing through the turbines the water enters the lower lake at a speed of
20 m s –1. Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the kinetic energy per second
[power] of this water. [1]

(iii) Calculate the wasted energy per second (power lost) during the generation
process. [2]

(iv) Hence show that your answer to (c)(ii) represents between 30% and 40% of the

010 0 0 7
13 21
wasted power. [1]

(v) Where else would energy be wasted during the generating process? [1]

(1321-01) Turn over.

10 Examiner
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6. (a) Define:

(i) mean speed; [1]

(ii) mean velocity. [1]

(b) Robot vacuum cleaners can clean carpets automatically. When sensors on the cleaner
detect the presence of nearby objects the cleaner changes direction, thus avoiding
collision. The diagram shows the path of such a cleaner inside a living room.

B 3.5 m C

2.5 m

Robot vacuum A
cleaner

The vacuum cleaner follows the path AB and then BC. The whole journey ABC takes
25 s. Calculate

(i) the cleaner’s average speed, [1]

(ii) the magnitude of the cleaner’s average velocity. [2]

(1321-01)
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Battery type: 15.0 V Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) re-chargeable.

Battery capacity: 2.5 Amp-hours (this means the battery is able to supply 2.5 A for
1 hour, or 1.25 A for 2 hours and so on).
Power when in use: 30 watts.

(i) Calculate the total energy stored in the battery. [3]

(ii) Hence calculate the time, in hours, that the battery can be used before
recharging. [2]

(d) (i) A resistive force, F, acts on the cleaner in the opposite direction to the direction
of motion of the cleaner. Starting from the definition of power, show that for the
cleaner to move at a steady speed v, the mechanical power needed is Fv. [2]

(ii) Calculate F, given that the mechanical power is 9 W. [2]

(1321-01) Turn over.

12 Examiner
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7. The following graph gives data taken from the ‘Highway Code’ for ‘Thinking’ and ‘Braking’
distances for a car when stopping. Thinking distance is the distance a car travels between the
driver seeing an incident and beginning to apply the brakes. Braking distance is the distance a
car travels while it is decelerating.

80
Braking
distance

60
Distance/m

Thinking
20 distance

0
10 20 30
Initial speed/ms –1

(a) The graph of braking distance against speed is curved. Use information from the graph
to test whether braking distance is proportional to (initial speed)2. [3]

(b) (i) Calculate the mean deceleration of a car as it slows down from 15 m s –1 to rest. [3]

(1321-01)
13 Examiner
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(ii) Hence calculate the mean braking force acting on the car given that it has a mass
of 800 kg. [1]

(d) (i) What is the total stopping distance for a car initially travelling at 30 m s –1? [1]

(ii) Ineffective brakes would increase the total stopping distance. Explain, in terms of
thinking distance and braking distance why this would be the case. [2]

(e) ‘Average speed areas’ are now found on many motorways. One such stretch of motorway
has a speed limit of 50 km/hour. The average speed is monitored between two cameras
placed 10 km apart. The driver of a car notes that he has travelled 6.0 km from the first
camera at a speed of 80 km/hour. Determine the speed with which he has to travel the
remaining 4.0 km in order that his average speed for the whole 10 km is 50 km/hour. [4]

THERE ARE NO MORE QUESTIONS IN THIS EXAMINATION

(1321-01)
June 2011 PH1
2
Examiner
only

1. A heavy sledge is pulled across a level snowfield by a force F as shown. To keep the sledge
moving at constant velocity a horizontal force component of 200 N is required.

(a) Calculate the force F needed to produce

F a horizontal component of 200 N on the
sledge. [2]

...........................................................................................................

40º
200 N ...........................................................................................................

(b) (i) Define work done and use this definition to explain why no work is done in the
vertical direction. [3]

(ii) It takes 30 minutes to pull the sledge a distance of 2.0 km across level ground.
Calculate

(I) the work done; [2]

...........................................................................................................................................................................................

(II) the mean power needed. [2]

...........................................................................................................................................................................................

(1321-01)
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Examiner
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(c) Assume the force F calculated in (a) is now applied horizontally as shown. Calculate
the initial acceleration of the sledge given that its mass is 40.0 kg and assuming that the
frictional force stays the same. [3]

010003
1321

(1321-01) Turn over.

6
Examiner
only

3. (a) What name is given to the turning effect of a force? [1]

(b) (i) A simple toy mobile, consisting of a star and a triangle is shown hanging freely.
Assume the rod AB is weightless. Calculate the weight of the triangle. [2]

........................................................................................................................

Thread attached ........................................................................................................................

to ceiling
........................................................................................................................

A 0.40 m 0.20 m B ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
4.0 N
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

(ii) Hence calculate the tension in the thread attached to the ceiling. [1]

(c) The mobile is now attached to another weightless rod CD of length 0.80 m, making
a more complex mobile as shown. A sphere of weight 9.0 N is attached to D and the
mobile is hung freely from the ceiling.

0.80 m
x
C D

A B

9.0 N

(1321-01)
7
Examiner
only

(i) The distance x can be adjusted to allow the rod CD to hang horizontally.
Calculate x. [3]

(ii) The original star and triangle mobile is now replaced with a single ‘crescent
moon’ of weight 12.0 N as shown. Explain whether x will now have to increase,
decrease or stay the same to keep CD horizontal. [2]

................................................................................................................

010007
C D ................................................................................................................

1321
................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

(1321-01)
Turn over.
8
Examiner
only

4. (a) A velocity-time graph is given for a body which is accelerating in a straight line.

velocity

0 time
t

(i) Using the symbols given on the graph, write down an expression for the gradient
and state what it represents. [2]

(ii) Using the symbols given on the graph, write down an expression for the area
under the graph and state what it represents. [2]

(iii) Hence or otherwise show clearly that, using the usual symbols,

x = ut + 12 at2 [2]

(1321-01)
9
Examiner
only

(b) A cyclist accelerates from rest with a constant acceleration of 0.50 m s–2 for 12.0 s.
Calculate

(i) the distance travelled in this time; [2]

(ii) the maximum velocity attained. [2]

(c) After 12.0 s, the cyclist stops pedalling and ‘freewheels’ to a standstill with constant
deceleration over a distance of 120 m.

(i) Calculate the time taken for the cyclist to decelerate to a stand-still. [2]

(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the cyclist’s deceleration. [2]

(1321-01) Turn over.

10
Examiner
only

(d) Draw an acceleration-time graph on the grid below for the whole of the cyclist’s
journey. [4]

(e) In reality the cyclist would not slow down with constant deceleration. This is because
the total resistive force acting on the cyclist consists of a constant frictional force of
8.0 N and an air resistance force which is proportional to the square of the cyclist’s
velocity.

(i) When the cyclist was travelling with maximum velocity, the total resistive force
acting was 165 N. Calculate the force of air resistance at this velocity. [1]

(ii) Hence calculate the total resistive force acting when the cyclist is moving at half
the maximum velocity. [2]

(1321-01)
Jan 2011 PH1

8
Examiner
only

4. A body of mass M is placed on a rough surface and a horizontal force, F, is applied to it as

shown. Data-logging apparatus is used to determine the acceleration of the body for different
values of F. The results are shown in the graph.

a/ms –2

Body of
mass M
F

Rough
surface

F/N

(a) (i) Explain why the acceleration of the body is 0 when the applied force F is less than
0.5 N. [1]

(ii) Use your graph to determine the value of M. [3]

(1321-01)
9
Examiner
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(b) (i) Label forces (A) and (B) also acting on the body. [2]

(A) ....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

(B) ....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

(ii) State the Newton third law reaction to force (B) and the body upon which it acts.
[2]

010009
1321

(1321-01) Turn over.

10
Examiner
only

5. A wind turbine, designed to generate electricity, has blades which sweep out an area of radius
22 m. The turbine turns “into the wind” so that the area swept out by the blades is always at
right angles to the wind direction.

(i) The volume of air passing through the blades every second can be calculated by
considering a cylinder of air incident on the blades. Show that the volume of air
passing through the blades in one second is approximately 21000 m 3 s –1, when the wind
speed is 14 m s –1. [2]

(ii) Hence calculate the mass of air passing though the blades every second. [1]
[density of air = 1.2 kg m –3].

(1321-01)
11
Examiner
only

(iii) The mean speed of the air after it has passed through the blades is 11 m s –1. Calculate
the kinetic energy lost by the air per second as it passes through the blades. [3]

(iv) Assuming that 65% of this ‘lost’ energy is used to generate electricity, determine the
number of turbines that would be needed to produce the same power output as a single
1000 MW coal fired power station. [2]

(1321-01) Turn over.

12
Examiner
only

6. (a) Define velocity. [1]

(b) (i) Stacey walks with a velocity of 1.0 ms –1 onto a moving walkway at an airport and
continues to walk at the same pace. The walkway is itself moving with a velocity
v, and in the same direction as Stacey. Write down an expression for Stacey’s
resultant velocity. [1]

(ii) Gavin walks with a velocity of 1.5 ms –1 in the opposite direction to Stacey. He
does not get on the walkway but instead walks in a straight line beside the
walkway as shown in diagram A. At the instant Stacey steps onto the walkway,
Gavin is positioned at the far end, 40 m away.

Gavin

Stacey
1.5 ms –1
40 m

v - velocity of 1.0 ms –1
Diagram A walkway

Diagram B

28 m

At some time ‘t’ later (diagram B), Stacey has travelled 28 m from her start point
when she passes Gavin who continues to walk in the opposite direction. Show
that ‘t’ is 8.0 seconds. [2]

(1321-01)
13
Examiner
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(iii) Hence or otherwise calculate the velocity, v, of the walkway. [3]

(iv) Calculate the velocity with which Gavin and Stacey approach each other. [1]

(1321-01) Turn over.

14
Examiner
only
7. (a) The medieval longbow was a devastatingly effective weapon. Assuming that a
horizontal force F of 800 N is needed to draw back the bow string, show that the
tension T in the string is approximately 1170 N. [2]

................................................................................................................
longbow
bow string ................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

70° ................................................................................................................

F
70° ................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

(b) (i) The graph shows the variation of F with d for the longbow, where d is the
distance the centre of the string is pulled back. Calculate the energy stored in the
bow when the tension in the string is 1170 N. [2]

........................................................................................

........................................................................................
F/N
........................................................................................

........................................................................................

d/m

(ii) Hence, stating any assumptions you make, show that the speed of the arrow as it
leaves the bow is about 100 m s –1. Take the mass of the arrow to be 50 × 10 –3 kg.
[3]

(1321-01)
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................
15
Examiner
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(c) The arrow is released horizontally at this speed from 1.5 m

above the ground as shown. The arrow continues its path
until it embeds itself into the ground a horizontal distance
D from the point of release. Ignoring the effects of air on
the arrow, calculate

(i) the time taken for the arrow to reach the ground, [3]

..............................................................................................................................
1.5 m
..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

(ii) the horizontal distance D, [2]

(iii) the resultant velocity of the arrow when it hits the ground. [5]

QUESTION 7 CONTINUES ON PAGE 16

(1321-01) Turn over.

16
Examiner
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(d) The Turkish war-bow of the 15th and 16th centuries (pictured) was also a fearsome
weapon, able to shoot lightweight arrows great distances. A copy of the graph on page
14 is shown below which has included on it a curve to represent the draw force versus
‘pull back distance’ for a typical Turkish bow.

Turkish bow Longbow

F/N

d/m

Use the graphs to compare the effectiveness of the Turkish bow in relation to the
longbow. Your answer could refer to the ease of use of each bow, the energy stored and
the effect this has on motion of an arrow.
Calculations are not required. [4]

(1321-01)
June 2010 PH1

2
Examiner
only

1. (a) (i) State the difference between vector and scalar quantities.

[1]

(ii) Place the following quantities in the correct column in the table below. [2]

distance time velocity temperature force density

Vector Scalar

(b) A boat is pulled along a canal by a horse using a rope tied to the boat’s bow.
The rope makes an angle of 25° with the centre line of the canal as shown.
(i) Calculate the forward component of the force
pulling the boat along the canal given that the
tension in the rope is 1600 N. [2]

..................................................................................................................

Towpath
..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

(ii) Ignoring the effect of the mass of the rope,

explain whether it is better to use a long rope or a
short rope to pull the boat. [2]

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................
25°

..................................................................................................................

(1321-01)
3
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2. (a) State the conditions necessary for a body to remain in equilibrium. [2]

(b) The owner of a high-street butcher shop hangs joints of meat from a uniform metal bar
as shown. The bar is 3.0 m long, weighs 20 N and is connected to the shop’s ceiling by
two light chains, A and B.

Chain A Chain B

03
1321 01
(i) On the diagram, show the weight of the bar as an arrow acting through the centre
of gravity and label it 20 N. [1]

(ii) Taking moments about point P, calculate the tension in chain A. [4]

(iii) Hence calculate the tension in chain B. [2]

(1321-01) Turn over.

10
Examiner
only

6. A stone is released from the basket of a hot-air balloon that is moving upwards.
The velocity-time graph describes the vertical motion of the stone from the moment it is
released to the time it lands on the ground at 3.2 s. Ignore air resistance throughout this
question.
velocity / ms–1
10

0
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2
time/s

–10

–20

–30

(a) Calculate the gradient of the graph and explain its significance. [2]

(b) State the velocity at which the balloon was ascending at the moment the stone was
released. [1]

(1321-01)
11
Examiner
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(d) (i) Shade the part of the graph which represents the height of the stone above the
ground at the moment of release. [1]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, calculate the height of the stone above the ground at the
moment of release. [2]

(e) The balloon is also moving horizontally at a steady velocity when the stone is released.
State whether the stone will land on the ground behind, directly beneath or in front of
the moving basket. Explain your answer. [3]

(1321-01) Turn over.

12
Examiner
only

7. (a) (i) Define work. [2]

(ii) Hence express the unit of work, J, in terms of the SI base units kg, m and s. [2]

(b)

B
20°

A skier of mass 70 kg descends a slope inclined at 20° to the horizontal as shown. The
skier passes point A at a speed of 6 ms–1 and a second point B at a speed of 21 ms-1. The
distance between A and B is 120 m. Calculate, for the descent from A to B,

(i) the gravitational potential energy lost by the skier; [2]

(ii) the kinetic energy gained by the skier. [3]

(1321-01)
13
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(c) (i) State the principle of conservation of energy. [1]

(ii) Discuss your answers to (b) (i) and (ii) in terms of this principle. [2]

(d) Calculate the mean resistive force experienced by the skier between A and B. [4]

QUESTION 8 IS ON PAGE 14

(1321-01) Turn over.

Jan 2010 PH1

6
Examiner
only

4. (a) (i) Define mean speed. [1]

(ii) The distance between two towns, A and B, is 240km. A motorcycle travels from A to
B at a mean speed of 80 km/h and then back from B to A at a mean speed of 60km/h.
Calculate the mean speed for the whole journey. [3]

(b) The graph represents the motion of the motorcycle over a 10s period.
20
velocity / m s-1
15

5
time / s
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
(i) Label the forces represented by arrows on the diagram below. [1]

(ii) Describe, without calculation, how the resultant force acting on the motorcycle
varies over this 10 second interval. [3]

(iii) By drawing a suitable tangent, determine the resultant force acting on the motorcycle
at t = 2.0 s. The mass of the motorcycle and rider is 350kg. [3]

(1321-01) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7
Examiner
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(c) (i) Define work done. [2]

(ii) A force F acts on a body moving with a velocity v. F and v are in the same direction.
Starting from the definition of power, show that [2]

Power = Fv

(iii) When the motorcycle in part (b) is travelling at the steady velocity shown in the
graph, the useful power output by the engine is 40 kW. Calculate the driving force
required to maintain this velocity. [1]

7
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

W10 1321 01
(iv) Assuming this driving force remains constant throughout the motion, calculate the
resistive force acting on the motorcycle at t = 2.0s. [1]

(d) At a later time the motorcycle brakes until it stops. When this happens, brake pads are
forced into contact with the wheel discs.

(i) State the Principle of Conservation of Energy. [1]

(ii) Explain what happens to the motorcycle’s kinetic energy. [2]

(1321-01) Turn over.

12
Examiner
only

6. The Silver Carp is a fish which was accidentally introduced to the Mississippi river in the 1990s. It
has since bred to such an extent that the river has become overpopulated with them. Many are seen
to jump out of the water and they sometimes land in the boats of fishermen.
[Ignore air resistance throughout this question].

(a) The trajectory (flight path) of a Silver Carp is shown. Point A represents the highest point
on the trajectory. Draw arrows at A to show

(i) the direction of motion of the Carp at this instant. (Label this arrow D);

(ii) the force (or forces) acting on the Carp at this instant. (Label this/these arrow(s) F).
[2]

(b) A fisherman wishes to determine the velocity with which a Carp left the water (shown by
the vector labelled U). The fisherman makes the following estimations:

Horizontal distance travelled by the Carp = 4.50m

Time of flight = 1.50s
Maximum height = 2.75m

Use this information to calculate:

(i) the horizontal component of the velocity of the Carp; [1]

(ii) the initial vertical velocity of the Carp; [3]

(1321-01)
13
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(iii) the magnitude of the velocity (U) with which the Carp left the water. [2]

(i) Calculate the total energy possessed by the Carp at point A. [Assume the Carp has
mass 6.0 kg] [3]

(ii) Below is a sketch of the Carp’s trajectory but this time without the boat included.
Mark on the diagram two points where the Carp will have its greatest kinetic energy.
[Label both points with a letter K]. [1]

(iii) Use your answer to (c) (i) to show that the Carp’s initial velocity (U) is the same as
that calculated in (b) (iii). [2]

(1321-01) Turn over.

June 2009 PH1 new spec

2 Examiner
only

1. (a) Define acceleration.

[1]

(b) (i) Two horizontal forces of 12 N and 8 N are applied to a toy car of mass 2.0 kg which is
on a level surface. Calculate the maximum and minimum acceleration that could be
experienced by the car.

[3]

(ii) Sketch a free-body diagram showing these forces when the car has minimum
acceleration. [2]

∑F = 0

Complete the table below, indicating with a tick in one column, whether each of the
statements given ‘must be true’, ‘could be true’ or ‘cannot be true’ when the above condition
applies. [4]

Statement Must be true Could be true Cannot be true

The car is accelerating.

The car is stationary.

The car is moving at constant speed.

There are no forces acting on the car

(1321-01)
8 Examiner
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6. High-sided lorries are vulnerable to cross-winds when crossing motorway bridges. The force, F,
exerted by wind on the side of a lorry can be given by

F = ρAv2

where ρ = density of air (kg m-3), A = side area of the lorry and v = speed of the wind.

(a) (i) Show that the equation is correct in terms of units (or dimensions).

[3]

(ii) The side of a certain lorry is (effectively) 15.0 m long and 4.2 m high. The force
exerted on one side of the lorry by a cross-wind is 2.8 × 104 N. Use this information to
estimate the speed of the wind. (Density of air = 1.2 kg m-3).

[2]

(b) When crossing a bridge, the lorry experiences a different cross-wind which causes it just to
tilt as shown in the diagram.

(i) ‘G’ represents that point where the weight of

2.8 m the lorry is considered to act. Name this
point.

........................................................................................................

[1]
Effective
force of 4.2 m
wind G
(ii) If the lorry stays tilted as shown, the sum of
the clockwise moments about the pivot must
equal the sum of the anticlockwise moments
about the same pivot. Clearly label the pivot
on the diagram.
[1]

(1321-01)
9 Examiner
only

(iii) Taking the force of the wind to act at a point midway up the side of the lorry,
calculate the force needed to maintain the tilt as shown. The weight of the lorry is
1.0 × 105 N and its width is 2.8 m.

[3]

(1321-01) Turn over.

10 Examiner
only

7. A passenger on a train, moving at constant speed, drops a ball out of a window as shown. A
stationary observer is standing near the track and directly in front of the window when the ball is
dropped.

(a) (i) If air resistance is neglected, describe and explain the horizontal motion of the ball as
seen by the passenger.

[2]

(ii) Describe the horizontal motion of the ball as seen by the observer.

[1]

(b) If air resistance is now taken into account, how will your answers to (a) (i) and (ii) have to
be modified?

[3]

(1321-01)
11 Examiner
only

(c) The observer retrieves the ball and throws it vertically upwards, catching it on its return. A
graph of height (from the observer’s hand) against time is shown.

Height
above
observer’s 10
hand/m

0
0 1 2 3
time/s

(i) How can you tell from the graph that the air resistance now acting on the ball is
negligible?

[1]

(ii) By considering the maximum height reached, determine the initial upward velocity of
the ball.

[3]

(1321-01) Turn over.

12 Examiner
only

(iii) Use your answer to (c) (ii) and other data from the graph on the previous page to
draw a velocity-time graph for the whole of the ball’s flight. The time axis has been
completed for you. [5]

velocity
/ms-1

0 time/s
1 2 3

(1321-01)
14 Examiner
only

8. (a) State the principle of conservation of energy.

[2]

(b) A ‘bungee jumper’ standing on a high platform above the ground is attached to a bungee
cord of unstretched length 26 m and spring constant k. When she jumps she falls a
maximum distance of 96 m where she is momentarily stationary at the lowest point of her
jump and about to begin moving upwards. Ignore air resistance.

2000

Tension / N
1500

1000

500

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Extension / m
(i) The graph shows how the tension in the bungee cord varies with extension during the
fall. Use the graph to calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the bungee cord
when the jumper is at the lowest point.

[3]

(1321-01)
15 Examiner
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(ii) The initial gravitational potential energy (with respect to the ground) possessed by the
jumper on the platform is 7.0 × 104 J and her mass is 60 kg. Calculate how high she is
above the ground at the bottom of her fall.

[3]

(iii) After ‘bouncing’ a few times, the bungee jumper eventually comes to rest hanging a
distance, d, below the platform. Calculate the value of d.

[3]

(1321-01) Turn over.

Jan 2009 PH1 new spec

2 Examiner
only

1. (a) Newton’s second law of motion can be expressed by the equation

∑F = ma

Identify and name the vector quantities in this equation. [2]

(b) A car is stuck in sand. Two ropes are attached securely to the car’s bumper as shown. One
rope is pulled with a force of 600 N due west. The other is pulled with a force of 450 N due
south.

view from above

600 N

450 N

(i) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant of these two forces. [3]

(ii) The car remains stationary but the bumper suddenly breaks away. Calculate the initial
acceleration of the bumper if its mass is 5·0 kg. [2]

(1321-01)
6 Examiner
only

5. A ball of mass 0·60 kg is dropped from the top of a

building 80 m high.

80 m

(a) Calculate the initial gravitational potential energy of the ball. [2]

(b) The ball reaches the ground with a velocity of 30 ms–1. Calculate its kinetic energy. [2]

(c) (i) Calculate the fraction of the initial gravitational potential energy that is not converted
into kinetic energy of the ball during the fall. [1]

(ii) Explain, referring to molecules, what has happened to this ‘missing’ energy. [2]

(d) Calculate the mean resistive force acting on the ball during its fall. [2]

(1321-01)
10 Examiner
only

7. Undersea turbines are being developed as a cost-effective means of generating power from tidal
streams. Many suitable sites for the location of these turbines have been identified around our
coastline. The diagram shows a single turbine of diameter 16 m.

(a) The density of sea water is 1050 kgm–3. Explain what

this statement means. [1]

................................................................................................................................

(b) The following equation gives the power input to the turbine

P = 12 ρAv3

where ρ = density, A = Area swept out by turbine blades, v = velocity of sea water.

(i) Calculate the input power if the turbine is in a tidal stream of velocity 2·5 ms–1. [2]

(ii) The manufacturers say that they would expect a turbine like this to produce an output
of 1000 kW of power when in actual use in a tidal stream of 2·5 ms–1. Use this
information and your answer to (b)(i) to calculate the percentage efficiency of the
turbine. [1]

(iii) Explain in terms of the kinetic energy of the water why the turbine is not 100%
efficient. [1]

(1321-01)
11 Examiner
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(iv) Supporters of tidal stream power claim that ‘a single tidal turbine would produce the
same electrical power as several wind turbines of the same diameter’.

(I) Explain, using the equation on the previous page, why this statement should be
true. (Assume that the wind velocity is similar to that of a tidal stream.) [1]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(II) Suggest one advantage of choosing the tidal stream option. [1]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(1321-01) Turn over.

12 Examiner
only

8. The velocity-time graph shown represents the first 70 seconds of the motion of a car moving along
a straight level road.

velocity/ms–1
20
B C

A D E time/s
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

–10
F G

–20

An air freshener hangs freely from a thread inside the car. During the first 10 seconds of the car’s
motion (A to B on the graph) the thread is inclined to the vertical as shown below.

air
freshener

car moves
in this direction

(a) (i) Describe the motion of the car from A to B. [1]

(ii) Sketch, on the diagrams below, how the thread is inclined (if at all), when the car is
moving between the points indicated beneath each picture. [3]

B to C C to D E to F

(1321-01)
13 Examiner
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(iii) Write down another period during the car’s motion where the inclination of the thread
would be the same as it was between B and C. [1]

(iv) Explain your answer to (iii) in terms of the forces acting on the air freshener. [1]

(b) At 70 seconds from the start the car starts to slow down at a uniform rate. During the
deceleration the car travels a further 75 m before coming to rest. Calculate the time taken for
the car to come to rest and complete the velocity-time graph to show this final stage. [3]

(c) (i) Calculate the car’s displacement between

(I) 0 and 10 seconds; [2]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(II) 0 and 30 seconds; [1]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(III) 0 and 40 seconds. [1]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Hence, sketch a displacement-time graph for the first 50 seconds of the motion on
the grid on page 14. Start by providing a scale on the vertical axis and plotting the
points obtained from (c)(i).

THE GRAPH GRID IS ON PAGE 14

(1321-01) Turn over.

14 Examiner
only

Displacement/m

0 10 20 30 40 50
time/s [5]

(1321-01)
Jan 2009 PH1 old spec

5 Examiner
only

3. (a) State the conditions necessary for a body to remain in equilibrium. [2]

(b) A shop sign of mass 2·0 kg is supported by a hinged uniform rod and thin cable as shown.
The mass of the thin cable is negligible but the rod has a mass of 1·0 kg.

thin cable
wall
uniform rod

hinge 1·2 m

sign
1·8 m

(i) Indicate on the diagram the distance of the rod’s centre of gravity from the wall. [1]

(ii) Calculate the total clockwise moment about the hinge. [Refer to the data on page 2.]
[3]

(iii) Hence calculate the tension in the thin cable. [3]

(iv) Calculate the horizontal force the wall exerts on the hinge. [1]

(541-01) Turn over.

7 Examiner
only

5. (a) (i) The table shows some of the results obtained from an experiment to investigate the
load-extension characteristics of a spring. Use the information to draw a graph of load
against extension on the grid below. [3]

Load on spring/N Extension/m

0·0 0·00
2·0 0·15
4·0 0·30
6·0 0·45
8·0 0·68

Load on spring/N

8·0

6·0

4·0

2·0

0·0
0·00 0·10 0·20 0·30 0·40 0·50 0·60 0·70
Extension/m

(ii) Comment on whether or not the spring obeys Hooke’s law over the full range of
loads. [1]

(iii) The ‘stiffness’ of a spring can be measured in terms of its spring constant, k. Define k
and calculate its value for the above spring. [2]

(541-01) Turn over.

8 Examiner
only

(b) The following arrangement is set up using two identical springs, each having the same
spring constant as that calculated in (a)(iii).

(i) The ‘stiffness’ of this arrangement is twice that of

the single spring. Explain why this is the case.
[2]

.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Using the same grid as in part (a) plot a load-extension graph for this arrangement
over the same range of loads as in (a). [2]

(541-01)
June 2008 PH1 old spec

10 Examiner
only

6. (a) A velocity-time graph is given for a body which is accelerating.

velocity

time
0 t

(i) Using the symbols given on the graph, write down an expression for the gradient and
state what it represents. [2]

(ii) Using the symbols given on the graph, write down an expression for the area under
the graph and state what it represents. [3]

(iii) Use your answers to (i) and (ii) to show clearly that, using the usual symbols, [2]

1
s = ut + 2 at2 .

(541-01)
11 Examiner
only

(b) Cannonballs, fired as shown, from a sail ship travel a horizontal distance of 192 m in 1·6 s
before striking the sea. Ignore air resistance and refer to the data on page 2.

(i) Calculate the horizontal velocity of

the cannon balls. [1]

...................................................................................................

H
...................................................................................................

...................................................................................................

192 m

(ii) Determine the height H, of the cannon above the sea. [3]

(iii) Calculate the resultant velocity of the cannon balls as they strike the sea. [5]

(iv) The horizontal velocity is now increased. Explain the effect, if any, that this would
have on the time of flight, i.e. the time taken for the cannon balls to strike the sea. [2]

(541-01) Turn over.

Jan 2008 PH1 old spec

3 Examiner
only

1. A uniform building brick is pulled

along rough ground by a newtonmeter
as shown in the diagram.

(a) (i) Define centre of gravity. [1]

(ii) Mark, with an X on the upper surface, the point directly above the centre of gravity of
the brick. [1]

(b) When the brick is pulled at constant speed the reading on the newtonmeter is 8·2 N. Giving
your reasoning, determine the force of friction between the brick and the ground. [3]

(ii) Hence determine the force that the brick exerts on the ground and state the direction
of this force. [The weight of the brick is 25·0 N] [3]

(541-01) Turn over.

8 Examiner
only

5. (a) Velocity is a vector. Explain what is meant by this statement. [1]

(b) A ball is projected vertically upwards from ground level with an initial velocity of
11·8 ms–1. Referring to the data on page 2 and ignoring air resistance, calculate

(i) the maximum height reached; [3]

(ii) the time of flight, i.e. the total time taken to reach ground level again. [2]

(c) Draw a velocity-time graph for the ball’s motion. [4]

(541-01)
9 Examiner
only

6. (a) Newton realised that forces always act in pairs and from this idea he developed the 3rd law
rd
of motion. State Newton’s 3 law of motion. [1]

(b) A skydiver falls towards the Earth. The arrows in the diagram represents the main forces
acting on the skydiver, the Earth and the air. Two are unlabelled. The diagram is not to
scale!

(A) ...................................................................

...................................................................

(C) Gravitational force

of Earth on skydiver
(B) force of air on skydiver

(D) ...................................................................
Earth
...................................................................

(i) Identify, in the spaces provided, the forces (A) and (D). [2]

(ii) Comment on the effect of force (D) on the Earth. [2]

(iii) Explain carefully, referring to the forces involved, why the skydiver accelerates at
the start of his fall and then reaches terminal velocity at some later time. [3]

(541-01) Turn over.

10 Examiner
only

(c) The simplified graph shows how the velocity of the skydiver changes with time during his
fall to the ground, including the time when his parachute is open. Q and R are two points
on the graph which are referred to later in the question.

velocity/ms–1

Q
60

10
R
5

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time/s

(i) At a time of 20 seconds the acceleration of the skydiver is 1·0 ms–2. Given that the
total mass of the skydiver and parachute is 70 kg, calculate the force of air resistance
at this time. [Refer to the data on page 2]. [4]

(541-01)
11 Examiner
only

(ii) Calculate the force of air resistance on the skydiver when he is moving at terminal
velocity before he opens his parachute e.g at point Q on the graph. [2]

(iii) Using the graph, estimate the skydiver’s height above the ground when he opens his
parachute. [3]

(iv) Hence estimate his average speed from the time he opens his parachute to the moment
he lands. [2]

(v) What is the force of air resistance when the skydiver is moving at terminal velocity
after he opens the parachute e.g at point R on the graph? [1]

(541-01) Turn over.

June 2007 PH1 olde spec

5 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

3. (a) Newton’s second law of motion is sometimes written as ΣF = ma.

Explain the term ΣF, giving an example to illustrate your answer. [2]

(b) A crane has a maximum safe working load of 12 000 N. It is used to lift a concrete block of
mass 1000 kg.

(i) Determine the tension in the cable when the block is

lifted at constant speed. [Refer to the data on page 2].
[1]

...............................................................................................................................................

steel cable
...............................................................................................................................................

concrete block
(ii) Calculate the maximum safe upward acceleration of the
block. [3]

(c) The cable has a cross-sectional area of 1·2 × 10-3 m2 and is made from steel, which has a
Young modulus of 2·0 × 1011 Nm-2. As the concrete block moves upwards the tension in the
cable changes depending on whether the block is accelerating, decelerating or moving at
constant speed. At one point in its motion the strain of the cable is 3·75 × 10-5.

(i) Calculate the tension in the cable that produces this strain. [3]

(ii) Hence state whether the block is accelerating, decelerating or moving at constant
speed at this point. Explain your reasoning. [1]

(541-01) Turn over.

8 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

6. (a) Distinguish between speed and velocity. [2]

(b) A NASA Moon vehicle is being used to determine an accurate value for the acceleration
due to gravity on the Moon. The vehicle is remotely controlled and positioned so that it is
stationary and on level ground. A projectile is fired vertically upwards from the deck of the
vehicle and it reaches a height of 3·6 m before landing back on the vehicle. The time of
flight is 4·26 s. Note: There is no atmosphere on the Moon.

(i) Show that the initial vertical velocity of

the projectile is 3·4 ms–1. [3]

...........................................................................................................

(ii) Hence or otherwise determine the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon. [3]

(iii) The time taken for the projectile to reach a height of 2·4 m is 0·90 s. Write down one
other time when the projectile is at this height. [2]

(541-01)
9 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

(iv) In the spaces provided draw three free-body diagrams showing the force(s) acting on
the projectile, at both times when it is at a height of 2·4 m above the vehicle, and also
when it has reached its maximum height of 3·6 m. Label the forces. [3]

st nd
1 time at 2·4 m at 3·6 m 2 time at 2·4 m

(v) Explain whether or not this would be a valid method of determining the acceleration
due to gravity on the Earth. [2]

(c) The Moon vehicle is now made to travel in a straight line along the horizontal surface at
constant speed of 2·0 ms–1, when the projectile is again fired with a vertical speed of
3·4 ms–1.

(i) Calculate the resultant initial velocity of the projectile. [3]

(ii) State whether the projectile will land behind, in front of or on the moving Moon
vehicle. Explain your answer in terms of the forces acting on the projectile. [2]

(541-01) Turn over.

Jan 2007 PH1 old spec

3 Examiner
only
Arholwr
1. An object of mass 1·0 kg is attached to a trolley of mass 2·5 kg as shown. Initially the 1·0 kg mass is yn unig

held at 1·6 m above the floor. Ignore the efforts of friction and air resistance.

Friction free pulley

Mtrolley = 2·5 kg

Mobject = 1·0 kg

1·6m

(a) Show that, when the 1·0 kg mass is released, the acceleration of both the trolley and mass is
2·8 ms–2. [Refer to the data on page 2]. [2]

(b) The trolley continues to accelerate while the 1·0 kg mass is falling.

(i) Determine the time taken for the mass to hit the floor. [2]

(ii) Calculate the trolley’s velocity at this time. [2]

(d) Suppose the 1·0 kg mass had initially been at only 1·0 m above the floor. Without further
calculation, state the effect this would have had on the trolley’s

(i) acceleration; [1]

(ii) maximum velocity. [1]

(541-01) Turn over.

6 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

3. (a) One condition for a body to remain in equilibrium is that there should be no net moment
acting on it. State the other condition necessary for a body to remain in equilibrium. [1]

(b) The diagram shows a uniform plank of weight w pivoted so that it remains in equilibrium
when weights w1 and w2 are placed on it at distances x1 and x2 from the pivot as shown.
R represents the normal reaction at the pivot.

R
x2 (i) Applying the principle of moments about the
x1 x pivot, complete the expression:

w1x1 = ............................................................ [1]

w1 w w2

(ii) Using your answer to part (a), write down an expression for R. [1]

(c) An experiment is carried out to find the weight of a Physics student. A uniform plank of
wood PQ, 3·0 m long, weighing 80 N is pivoted about a point 0·5 m from P. The student
stands 0·3 m from P. A 20 N weight is placed 0·5 m from Q in order to balance the plank
horizontally.

(i) Draw a diagram of the plank representing each force on it by an arrow. Indicate
distances in your diagram. [3]

(ii) Calculate the weight of the student. [3]

(iii) Determine the value of the force exerted by the pivot on the plank. [1]

(541-01)
10 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

6. Mean (average) velocity is defined by the equation

Displacement
Mean velocity =
Time

(a) Write down the definition of mean speed. [1]

(b) A toy car takes 11·0 s to travel at constant speed in a semicircle from A to C as shown.

A C N
7·0m

W E

S
B

(i) Show that the car’s speed is 1·0 ms–1. [2]

(ii) Calculate the car’s mean velocity. [2]

(iii) Draw arrows on the diagram to indicate the direction of the car’s velocity at A and at
C. Hence calculate the change in velocity between A and C, and state the direction
of this change. [3]

(iv) Explain why the car is accelerating even though its speed is constant. [2]

(v) State the direction of the car’s acceleration at point B. [1]

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(541-01)
11 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig
(c) From C, the car continues in a straight line northwards with a velocity of 1·0 ms–1 for 2·0 s.
It then slows down at a uniform rate to rest. During the deceleration the car travels a
distance of 2·0 m.

(i) Draw a velocity-time graph for this motion (from C) on the grid below.
Space is provided for your calculations. [5]

Velocity / ms–1

1·0

0·5

0·0
0 time / s

(ii) Draw a displacement-time graph for this motion on the grid below. [4]

(541-01) Turn over.

June 2006 PH1 old spec

4 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

2. (a) Newton realised that forces always act in pairs. He used this idea to develop the 3rd law of
motion.

(i) State Newton’s 3rd law of motion. [1]

(ii) The diagram on the right shows a block of

wood resting on a horizontal table. Below, the
block of wood and the table are represented as
free body diagrams. Draw an arrow on each of
the free body diagrams to clearly show the
Newton 3rd law pair of forces acting between
the block and the table only. Name these
forces.
[3]

(b) An applied force Fapplied is now exerted on the block and there is a constant frictional force
Ffriction equal to half the weight of the block acting on it (see diagram). The block has a
mass of 0·5 kg and its acceleration is 4·0 ms-2.

Fapplied
Ffriction

(541-01)
5 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

(i) Calculate the frictional force Ffriction. [Refer to the data on page 2]. [2]

(ii) Write down an equation that links the applied force Fapplied, the frictional force Ffriction
and the resultant force Fresultant. [1]

(iii) Hence calculate the applied force Fapplied. [3]

(541-01) Turn over.

9 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

5. (a) State in words the formula used to calculate the moment of a force about a pivot. [2]

(b) Diagram 1 shows a beam of wood (AB) of weight 40 N pivoted in equilibrium at point C.

A C B (i) Determine the distance AC, stating

any assumptions you make. [2]
...................................................................................................

...................................................................................................

pivot ...................................................................................................

Diagram 1.
...................................................................................................

(ii) A cube of weight 60N is now placed on the beam 1·0m from C, between C and A as
shown in diagram 2. The pivot will now have to be moved in order to restore
equilibrium.

(I) Draw on diagram 2 an

A C B
approximate (new) position for the
pivot so that equilibrium can be
restored [1]

Diagram 2.

(II) Calculate the distance that the pivot has to be moved in order to restore
equilibrium. [3]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) (I) What is meant by the term centre of gravity? [1]

(II) Draw a vertical arrow on diagram 2 through the centre of gravity of the
system, i.e. the beam and the cube. [1]

(541-01) Turn over.

12 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

7. (a) A free fall parachutist drops vertically. The statements in the left hand boxes describe her
motion at various stages of her descent. The statements in the right hand boxes explain the
various stages of the descent in term of physical quantities such as velocity and acceleration.

Join the correct description to the correct explanation. [4]

The instant the parachutist The parachutist is accelerating but her

starts her descent. acceleration is decreasing.

The parachutist is The parachutist has stopped

descending but has not accelerating but she continues to travel
reached terminal velocity. with constant velocity.

The parachutist continues to move in

The parachutist has
one direction, but her acceleration is
reached terminal velocity.
directed in the opposite direction.

The parachutist has just The parachutist’s velocity is zero, but

opened her parachute. her acceleration is a maximum.

(b) A skateboard travelling at a constant velocity of 8·0ms-1 approaches an inclined plane as

shown.

(i) Show that, when θ = 24° the skateboard’s acceleration is – 4·0 ms-2.
Ignore friction. [Refer to the constants on page 2]. [2]

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the skateboard up the inclined plane until it comes
to rest. [3]

(541-01)
13 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

(iii) Calculate the vertical height moved by the skateboard. [2]

(iv) Calculate the time taken for the skateboard to come to rest from the moment it starts
to move up the inclined plane. [3]

(v) On the axes below, draw an acceleration-time graph for the movement of the
skateboard up the inclined plane. You should include numerical values on both axes.
The maximum value on the time axis should be the value calculated in (b)(iv). [3]

time/s

acceleration/ms-2

(vi) Calculate the area between the graph line and the time axis. [1]

(vii) Comment on your answer to (b)(vi) stating what this area represents. [2]

(541-01) Turn over.

Jan 2006 PH1 old spec

8 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

3. The diagram shows an experiment carried out to verify that the force acting on a body is
proportional to its acceleration. i.e. F ∝ a. The results obtained are given in the accompanying
graph.

Glider of mass m

Variable accelerating force, F

Frictionless air track

probes
Data logger
to measure
acceleration

Force F/N
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 Acceleration, a/ms–2
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

(a) (i) How does the graph verify that F ∝ a? [2]

(ii) Determine the mass m of the glider. [2]

(541-01)
9 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

(b) Draw a free body diagram to show the forces acting on the glider while it is being
accelerated. [3]

light cord
0·6 N

Determine the tension in the cord between the two gliders when the accelerating force is
0·6 N. [2]

(d) A student incorrectly writes the formula F = 1⁄2 ma in an exam. Explain why the method of
checking equations using units (or dimensions) would not help the student in this case. [1]

Turn over.
(541-01)
10 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

4. (a) State the conditions necessary for a body to remain in equilibrium.

Condition 1: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[1]

Condition 2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[1]

(b) The diagram shows a weight of 60 N suspended in equilibrium from a rigid beam. FH is a
horizontal force.

θ
T
FH

60 N

(i) Calculate the tension T in the string when θ = 30°. [2]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, determine the value of the horizontal force FH. [2]

(iii) On the diagram, draw an arrow to represent the direction of the resultant force due to
FH and the 60 N weight. [1]

(iv) FH can be varied in magnitude thus varying T and θ. When T is at its smallest
possible value write down the values of

(I) FH, [1]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(II) θ, [1]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(III) T. [1]

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

(541-01)
14 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

7. (a) (i) Define acceleration. [1]

(u + v )t
(ii) s= is one equation of uniformly accelerated motion. Use this equation and
2
your answer to (a)(i) to show clearly that [3]

s = ut + 1 at2
2
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Two students carry out an experiment to determine the height of a cliff. One student throws
a stone horizontally from the cliff top as shown in the diagram. The other student has a stop
watch to record the time of flight of the stone. Ignore air resistance.[Refer to the data on
page 2.]

(i) The stone took 5·0 s to reach the sea.

Determine the height (h) of the cliff. [3]

h ............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

Sea
............................................................................................................

90m
............................................................................................................

(ii) (I) Determine the vertical velocity of the stone at impact. [3]

(II) The stone landed at a point 90 m from the base of the cliff. Calculate the
horizontal velocity of the stone. [1]

(541-01)
15 Examiner
only
Arholwr
yn unig

(III) Plot, on the grid below, lines to represent both the vertical and horizontal
velocities of the stone for the time of flight. [2] [1]

velocity/
ms–1
50

0 times/s
0 1 2 3 4 5

(iii) Using the graph (or otherwise) determine the height of the stone above the sea at the
instant when the vertical and horizontal velocities are equal in magnitude. [3]

(iv) Calculate the resultant velocity of the stone just before impact with the sea. [3]

(541-01) Turn over.

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