Application Note
Comparator Series
Hysteresis Setting for Comparator
Contents:
1. Circuit configuration and operation
2. Calculation of threshold voltage (resistance division type)
3. Calculation of threshold voltage (reference voltage type)
4. Calculation of threshold voltage (simple type)
5. Comparator output voltage (common)
1. Circuit configuration and operation
Hysteresis comparator
A hysteresis comparator is operated by applying a positive feedback* to the comparator. The potential difference between the
High and Low output voltages and the feedback resistor are adjusted to change the voltage that is taken as a comparison
reference to the input voltage for the +IN terminal. The width of variation in the reference voltage is the hysteresis width.
In this circuits the signal is input to the‐IN terminal ,the output is inverted.
Note: A comparator cannot be operated as a
hysteresis comparator when a negative feedback is
applied.
For open collector/
open drain type
Pull-up voltage
VD R2 Vp
R3 VCC Rp
R1
Vref
Output
Input
R4
VEE
Figure 1. Hysteresis comparator circuit
© 2017 ROHM Co., Ltd. Rev.003
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Jan.2018
Hysteresis Setting for Comparator Application Note
• Operation without hysteresis
When the input signal and Vref (reference voltage) are nearly equal, exceeding the threshold value due to noise or other
causes will destabilize the output. (Chattering occurs)
Figure 2. is Response waveforms of non-hysteresis
comparator. VCC
(1) When the input signal (-IN) is applied at a voltage Vref(+IN)
sufficiently higher than Vref(+IN), the output is varied
Vin(-IN)
according to Vref as a threshold.
VEE(GND)
Input Input
(2) When the input signal (-IN) is applied at a voltage
equivalent to Vref(+IN), the input signal may or may not
VCC
exceed the threshold at Vref due to noise or other
Vp
causes, resulting in an instability (chattering).
Vref(+IN)
Vout(OUT)
VEE(GND)
Output Output
(1) (2)
Figure 2. Response waveforms of non-hysteresis
comparator
• Operation with hysteresis
Since a margin is provided between the High-to-Low and Low-to-High thresholds, no chattering occurs in the output even
when a signal is input at a voltage near the threshold voltages.
VCC VCC
Figure 3. is Response waveforms of hysteresis
comparator. VthH(+IN) VthH(+IN)
VthL(+IN) VthL(+IN)
(3) When the input signal (-IN) is applied at a voltage Vin(-IN) Vin(-IN)
sufficiently higher than VthH(+IN) and VthL(+IN), the VEE(GND) VEE(GND)
Input Input
output is varied according to Vref as a threshold.
VCC VCC
(4) When the input signal (-IN) is applied at a voltage Vp Vp
equivalent to VthH(+IN) or above, no chattering occurs VthH(+IN) VthH(+IN)
since the output will not respond unless the input falls
VthL(+IN) VthL(+IN)
below the threshold at VthL(+IN).
VthL is the voltage switching from Low to High. VEE(GND) VEE(GND)
Output Output
VthH is the voltage switching from High to Low.
(3) (Vp: pull-up voltage) (4)
Figure 3. Response waveforms of hysteresis comparator
© 2017 ROHM Co., Ltd. Rev.003
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Jan.2018
Hysteresis Setting for Comparator Application Note
2. Calculation of threshold voltage (resistance division type)
Derivation of threshold voltage for hysteresis comparator
In the circuit configuration shown here, the threshold voltages and
VD Pull-up voltage
プルアップ電圧
the hysteresis width are expressed as follows.
R2 Vp
• Threshold voltages
R3 Rp
VCC R2 a Ra
Vref
R1
+ Output VOH VD VOL 2 VD
出力 R1 R3 R1 R3
入力
Ｖ
VthH VthL
Input Vout 1 Ra 1 Ra
- ( R1 R2 2 ) ( R1 R2 2 )
VEE R1 R1 R1 R1
R4 • Hysteresis width
1
Vth VthH VthL where a
1 1 1
Figure 4. Hysteresis comparator circuit using ( )
R1 R3 R4
resistance division
Point
• The calculation of the threshold voltages is complicated since it
involves many parameters. We suggest inputting the equations in
advance with software such as a spreadsheet program to perform the
calculation.
Calculation process
Form a current equation for Vref and VD
in Figure 4. VD Vref V Vref Vref
...(1)
R3 R1 R4
V Vref Vout V
...(2)
R1 R2
R2 R
Solve equation (2) for Vout. V 2 Vref Vout V
R1 R1
R2 R
Vout ( 1)V 2 Vref ...(3)
R1 R1
VD Vref V Vref Vref
Solve equation (1) for Vref.
R3 R3 R1 R1 R4
1 1 1 V V
( )Vref D
R1 R3 R4 R3 R1
1 V 1 V
Vref ・ D ・
1 1 1 R 1 1 1 R1
( ) 3 ( )
R1 R3 R4 R1 R3 R4
a a 1
Vref VD V ...(4) where a
R3 R1 1 1 1
( )
R1 R3 R4
© 2017 ROHM Co., Ltd. Rev.003
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Jan.2018
Hysteresis Setting for Comparator Application Note
R2 a
Solving equations (3) and (4) for V allows Vout VD
R1 R3
equation (5) to be obtained. V ...(5)
1 Ra
( R1 R2 2 )
R1 R1
V provides two threshold voltages for the hysteresis comparator: V thL is the voltage switching from Low to High and VthH is the
voltage switching from High to Low.
Vout is the output voltage of the comparator providing two values: VOH is the High output voltage and VOL is the Low output
voltage.
3. Calculation of threshold voltage (reference voltage type)
Calculation of threshold voltages for a hysteresis comparator when a reference voltage is provided from a power source or
other supplies.
Pull-up
プルアップ電圧 voltage
• Threshold voltages
R2 Vp
R2 1
Rp VthH a Vref aVOH a
R1 R
R1
VCC 1 2
R1
+ Output
出力 R2
Ｖ VthL a Vref aVOL
Input
入力 R1
Vout
-
• Hysteresis width
Vref VEE
Vth VthH VthL
Figure 5. Hysteresis comparator circuit using Vref Point
reference power source • Since there are fewer variables involved in determining
the threshold compared with the calculation for the
resistance division type, the design flexibility is reduced
for the voltage setting.
Form a current equation for Vref and V.
Vref V V Vout
...(1)
R1 R2
R2 R
Vref 2 V V Vout
R1 R1
R2 R
Vref Vout (1 2 )V ...(2)
R1 R1
Substitute the coefficient of V with 1/a and solve equation (2) for V
1 R2
a V a Vref aVout ...(3)
R R1
1 2
R1
Since Vout takes two values, the high level output voltage VOH and the low level output voltage VOL, the threshold voltages
VthL and VthH can be expressed as in equation (3).
© 2017 ROHM Co., Ltd. Rev.003
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Jan.2018
Hysteresis Setting for Comparator Application Note
4. Calculation of threshold voltage (simple type)
Calculation formula for the hysteresis of the simple type hysteresis comparator
• Threshold voltages
Vref プルアップ電圧
Pull-up voltage
a a 1
R3 Vp VthH Vref VOH a
R1 R3 1 1 1
Rp
( )
R1
VCC
R1 R2 R3
a a
Ｖ VthL Vref VOL
+ 出力
Output R1 R3
Input
入力
Vout • Hysteresis width
-
VEE Vth VthH VthL
R2
Point
• As there is no input resistance, the design
Figure 6. Simple type hysteresis comparator
flexibility is reduced for the setting width of the
threshold.
Form a current equation for V.
Vref V V VO V
0 ...(1)
R1 R2 R3
1 1 1 1 1
Vref V V Vo V 0
R1 R1 R2 R3 R3
1 1 1 1 1
( )V Vref Vo
R1 R2 R3 R1 R3
1 1 1
V ( V Vo)
1 1 1 R1 ref R3
( )
R1 R2 R3
Substitute the coefficient of V with 1/a and solve equation (2) for V.
1 a a
a V Vref VO ...(2)
1 1 1 R1 R3
( )
R1 R2 R3
© 2017 ROHM Co., Ltd. Rev.003
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Jan.2018
Hysteresis Setting for Comparator Application Note
5. Comparator output voltage (common)
For the output voltages, the same calculation can be used for the resistance division and reference voltage types and simple
type.
Pull-up voltage
プルアップ電圧
Vp
Rp VOL depends on the current supplied to the IC.
R2 It is estimated from the measurement data.
VthL
ＶＨＬ
R2: Feedback
VOL
Resistance Output
出力
IC inside
IC内部
Vsat
ON
Figure 7. Low voltage output
Pull-up
プルアップ電圧voltage
Vp VOH can be calculated since it is determined by the
external resistors and the threshold voltage.
Rp
R2
VthH
ＶＬＨ V p VOH VOH VthH
R2: Feedback
VOH
VOL Rp R2
Resistance
出力
Output
1 1 V p VthH
IC inside
IC内部 ( )VOH
No
電流 current R2 R p Rp R2
flows
流れない
OFF a a 1
VOH V p VthH a
1 1
Rp R2
R2 R p
Figure 8. High voltage output
Figure 8. High 電圧出力
Point
• When a circuit is configured with an approximate value of the hysteresis voltage,
VOH can be calculated and VOL can be directly measured.
© 2017 ROHM Co., Ltd. Rev.003
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Jan.2018
Notice
Notes
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