TITLE: ABNORMAL EVENTS AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

1. INSPECTIONS FOLLOWING LIGHTNING STRIKES AND HIRF

PENETRATION.
There are 2 categories of lightning strike damage:

 Strike damage – Where lightning discharge enters the aircraft.

 Static discharge damage - Where static electricity discharge has occurred subsequent to the
strike.

All inspection information and procedures must be in accordance with relevant aircraft
maintenance manual.
Aircraft area prone to strike damage :

 Primary and secondary control surfaces, which includes the leading and trailing edges.
 Engines and engine cowlings
 Fuselage, skin and rivets
 Functional check must be carried out in accordance with relevant aircraft maintenance manual.
 Adhered to all procedures if lightning strike is evident.

HIRF (High Intensity Radiated Field) is result from high power radio frequency transmitter such as
radar, satellite uplink transmitter , etc. and can effected the performance of aircraft electronics.

2. INSPECTIONS FOLLOWING ABNORMAL EVENTS SUCH AS

HEAVY LANDINGS AND FLIGHT THROUGH TURBULENCE.

a) Effects on aircraft after heavy landings

 Damage to landing gears and support structures Wing and tail-plane attachment damage
 Damage to engine mountings

b) Effects on aircraft that flight through turbulence

 Aircraft is violently tossed about and is impossible to control(extreme turbulence).

 Large, abrupt changes in altitude/attitude. Large variation in
indicated airspeed. Aircraft may be temporarily out of
control(severe turbulence).
 Slight, rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without noticeable changes in altitude or
attitude(light turbulence).

c) Inspections for damage are required on

 Landing gears for damages

 Main planes or wings for wrinkles, rivets damage and sign of fuel tank leak
 Fuselage for skin wrinkles, structural attachment points and distortion
 3. MAINTENANCE PLANNING;

Terminology
Preventive maintenance
That maintenance which is performed at defined intervals to retain an item in a serviceable condition by
systematic inspection, detection, replacement of wearing parts, adjustment, calibration, cleaning, etc.
Equivalent terms are scheduled or routine maintenance.

Corrective maintenance
That maintenance which is performed to restore an item to a satisfactory condition by providing
correction of a known or suspected malfunction and / or defect. Equivalent terms are unscheduled
or non-routine maintenance.

4. MODIFICATION PROCEDURES; STORES PROCEDURES;

Modification Procedures

Aircraft modification/alteration are classified as major or minor, depending on the effect they may have
on the airframe, power plant, propeller or other appliances.

In general, the aircraft modification/alteration procedures are as follows;

Identify and be familiar with the regulations intent,

either F.A.R, J.A.R, or national aviation
regulations. Ensure the aircraft is issued with an
approved type certificate.
The operator must retained the aircraft configuration to maintain its certification

Only the major modification data change is to be summated to the national aviation authority
department of engineering.
The major modification is done by the sources of approved authorities such as repair
station, manufacturer of the product and A & P with an IA type rating.
When approved, the national aviation authority will sent an Airworthiness Directive.

The authorized sources, which perform major modification, will ensure the aircraft modification will
conform to it.
Inspection and test are carried out by either A & P with an IA rating, repair station, the
manufacturer or inspector of the national aviation authority. Aircraft maintenance record and
the FAA form 337 entries must be made by the sources of approved authorities and must be
updated.

The sources of approved authorities and the inspector of the national aviation authority will release the
aircraft to service
Stores Procedures
Refer to JAR-145 Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO) Section 2. Acceptable Means of
Compliance.
The AMO stores system must meet all requirements of products covered in airworthiness
certification / its organization scope of approval. All parts and materials must be originated
from approved source acceptable to the JAR or applicable National Aviation Authority.

On receipt, all parts are place in quarantine store to verify its documentation (s) & serviceability
inspection.

The applicable storage temperature & humidity condition must be in accordance with
manufacturer range specification to minimize the effect of condensation.

Stores personnel must be trained to manage and handle of all supply matters such as rubber
based product, aircraft batteries, parts, components, POL, steel based materials, pyrotechnics,
survival equipments, glass & acrylic materials and supply administration matters.
Authorized Release Certificate Airworthiness Approval Tag (JAA Form 1) is required to be issued
for newly manufactured or assembled aircraft part other than standard parts with an authorized
signatory subjected to relevant national aviation authority approval.

5. CERTIFICATION/RELEASE PROCEDURES;

The person and agencies, which will fully observed and adhered to the legal regulation of JAR, or
National Aviation Regulation, are certifying maintenance personnel as specified in JAR-145,
Inspector of National Aviation Authority, approved Maintenance Organization and Aircraft‟s
Manufacturer.
An „A‟ category mechanic which is based on JAR-66, permits the holder to issue certificates of
release to service of minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification, as specified in
JAR-145 or National Aviation Regulation.
Category „B1‟ certifying mechanical technician permits the holder to issue line maintenance
certificates of release to service of aircraft structure, power plants, mechanical and electrical systems
and limited major repair and major modification.
Category „B2‟ certifying avionic technician permits the holder to issue line maintenance certificate of
release on avionic and electrical systems.
A category „C‟ base maintenance engineer permits the holder to issue certificate of release on all
base maintenance inspection, perform and inspect major repair and modification, as well as
supervising maintenance programmed.
The authorization is valid for the aircraft in its entirety, including all systems. JAR-145 specifies the
B1 and B2 personnel required to support category C certifying engineer in base maintenance. All
categories mentioned were applicable to one or more type rating as specified in JAR- 145 certification
authorization and appropriate paragraph of JAR-66.
 The maintenance release is to be delivered to the owner or operator and must have the following
information:

 Aircraft description part, model, serial number of airframe, engine, propeller and
appliances.
 FAA Form 337 (if any) and Aircraft Use and Inspection report.
 Up-dated aircraft records and aircraft type certificate data sheet.
 Inspection reminder.
 Signing of legal document.

6. INTERFACE WITH AIRCRAFT OPERATION;

Correlation of maintenance to aircraft operation is by comparing the tasks of Maintenance Steering

Group-2 (MSG-2), Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM), and Maintenance steering Group-3
(MSG-3). The MSG-2 (Maintenance Steering Group-2 ) emphasized on;

 Preventive maintenance of „Hard Time‟ & „On Condition‟ process.

 Corrective maintenance of „Condition Monitoring' process.
 RCM (Reliability Centred Maintenance) is controlled by two tasks, namely;
 Condition Monitoring Task
 Servicing Tasks
 The MSG-3 (Maintenance steering Group-3) consists of;
 Scheduled Task
 Non-Scheduled Task

The MSG-3 maintenance tasks correspond to the 4 basic maintenance tasks of RCM, which separates
the On Condition tasks into those, which are accomplished by inspection / functional checks.
MSG-3 has combination tasks (i.e. group of tasks consisting of more than one individual task), which
may apply to safety orientated items. It is easier to work with the MSG-3 descriptions.

7. MAINTENANCE INSPECTION/QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY

ASSURANCE;

Maintenance Inspection
The time intervals for the periodic maintenance inspections vary with the models and types of aircraft
operations/roles based on
JAR, FAR or National Aviation Authority. Typical types of periodic inspection are pre- flight
walk around inspection, transit and stay-over check, periodic maintenance inspection and
special maintenance program inspection. The owner or the operator is primarily responsible
for maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy condition and an updated maintenance record.
 Pre flight walk around inspection, solely depend on the pilot of the aircraft in ensuring the aircraft safe
condition for flight. The Transit and Stay-Over Check is carried out by category
„A‟, line maintenance certifying mechanic through both relevant aircraft check and certification forms
sheet and are divided into four tasks section.

Category „C‟ authorization certifying engineer, who hold category B1 and B2 (mechanical and avionic
technician type rating) may perform both roles and will conduct scope and detailed periodic
maintenance inspection and will list any discrepancies found during inspection and sent 1 copy to
national aviation authority and a copy to the owner for action to be taken and affixes an Inspection
Reminder to the aircraft during aircraft release.

A certified B1 certifying staff permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service after correcting
any discrepancies written by category
„C‟ authorization during periodic maintenance inspection and also release to service to any tasks being
carried-out during special maintenance program check.

As guidelines, the work scope of an inspection is as follows;

 Identify the types of paper work.

 Obtain aircraft maintenance information.
 Secure aircraft maintenance records.
 Inspection requirement.

Pre-inspection run-up :

 Set-up actual inspection and aircraft roll inside hangar.

 Minor service and repair.
 Post inspection run-up.
 Clean-up and close-up.
 Final paper work.
 Aircraft release.

Quality Control
All certifying personnel shall be responsible for the quality control of their assigned task
performed.
The quality control function shall include the recording of all work correctly, test result and
dimension ”all relevant technical recording of work carried out on aircraft” to meet the
relevant aviation authorities requirements and the issue of a CRS ( Certificate of Release to
Service). No deviation to any process is permitted unless authorized by the DCA,
customer`s or quality manager of organization.
Quality Assurance
Quality assurance system provide the overall control of standard achieved through the entire system of
maintenance and includes control of manufactures/ sub-contractor working team. Effectiveness of the
quality assurance system is through the implementation of audits to be carried out by auditor in the
Quality Assurance Audit Group(organization), who are independent of the production area. Audit shall
be carried out on the product, the maintenance programme and also on the effectiveness of the
organization procedures.

Audits reports and Non-Compliance Action Request(NCR) shall be raised to address non-
conformance or any deviation from standard and copied to the accountable manager of
organization.

During surveillance, any non-compliance will be reported to maintenance foreman for

immediate correction. If non-compliance is significant the NCR will be raised.
Corrective action shall be carried out immediately to prevent reoccurrence. Engineering management of
organization shall review „open item‟ in the audit reports and other relevant quality procedures at
Quality Review Meeting and Maintenance Review Board Meetings and to be followed by any necessary
corrective action.

8. ADDITIONAL MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES;

For engine ground run, staff must be LAE(License Aircraft Engineer)/ Approval Holder and have
undergone engine run up simulator training and practical training to quality for an engine ground run
approval. For towing of aircraft, staff must at least be a mechanic. On job training including safety
training are organized and recorded by the manager of the section(organization).
All aircraft scheduled check maintenance must be carried out in hangar, as stipulated in tern of
approval by DCA. Line check are allowed to be carried out in open.

Shift handover shall be recorded in the handover book. For the day when there is no aircraft work, the
handover book should be appropriately annotated to maintain a running calendar sequence. Working
away from base- a team leader shall be appointed for the rescue operation of aircraft AOG (Aircraft On
Ground). The team leader is responsible to oversee the preparation, on site activities and well- being of
the team at line station.

9. CONTROL OF LIFE LIMITED COMPONENTS.

Life-limited Part means any part for which a mandatory replacement l14imit is specified
in the type design, the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness, or the maintenance
manual. A life-limited part is designated as such during the certification process.

MEATECH/DAMT/CN/15/30 For Training Purpose Only Page 6 of 281

Issue 1 - 28 June 2021