Pye) JOHN HUGHES | HELEN STEPHENSON | PAUL DUMMETT Scanned with CamScanner3A COMBO SPLIT | Life SECOND EDITION JOHN HUGHES NATIONAL HELEN STEPHENSON GEOGRAPHIC PAUL DUMMETT ARNING *Bratil- Mexico Singapore « United kingdom + United St Scanned with CamScannera Contents simple present eveyday routines taking about ess adverbs and expressions of wordbulding: colocaions frequency ‘thd, ly nd go simple present and present word focus: fa! : continuous medical eben Lifestyle . pages 9-20 ‘VIDEO: Laughter yoga page 18 » REVIEW page 20 rmedalverbsforrules sports taking about interes “ing form Morabuiing: utes word focus ike Competitions pages 21-32 VIDEO: Mongolian horse racing page 30 » REVIEW page 32 comparatves and woysct reveing going on a tp superlatives transportation nouns anas wrdbulng: compound Comparatne moditers | “nouns : transportation ajectves Transportation ae we taking wanporaon VIDEO: Indian Railways page 42» REVIEW page 44 simple past tks and changes tenga story Bast conieuous and personal quale simple past, Sorduldng verbs ana Challenges pages 45-56 ‘VIDEO: A microadventure page 54» REVIEW page 56 uantiiers raters caling about an order Rides'9/[Link],orno reeling arte ress and gues word focus take The environment pages 57-68 VIDEO: Recycling Cairo page 66 » REVIEW page 68 Pane on le events invtina, accepting, and future forms. going to, val, deserbng age ecning el present contnvous | celebrations word foc get : wrordbleing syeanyrs Stages of life pee pages 69-80 VIDEO; Stel drums page 78 > REVIEW page 80 ‘si 2h, one oF two slabs? ini sent letters than sentence stress intonation fa, ond) was / were intonation for responding (8a! or i! sounding friendly as tal contractions emphasizing words COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES page 153 » GRAMMAR SUMMARY page 156 » AUDIOSCRIPT page 181 Scanned with CamScannerListening someone taking about a rational park near acity a radio interview about long life someone describing an ronan. competition three peopl talking about ‘competitive sports in schools ‘someone describing a photo ‘wo people discussing the pros ‘and cons of different types of transportation ‘2 documentary about animal ‘transportation 2 caver taking about his hobby a climber makes an impossible decision ‘bout a house made from recycled materials ‘2 news report about ‘environmental projects itferences between the gern aces ews tem about M - anarile about ho Scanned with CamScannerLife around the world—in 12 videos out an innovative product and can change lives. Steelband music, or pan, is an E mportant part of the culture in these Caribbean islands. Scanned with CamScannerSa Learn what it's like to live in Venice. nology is being used to record and preserve disappearing languages. Find out how recycled objects are used ‘ r y Wi 7 wa Learn more about the Indian railway pA system, Scanned with CamScannerUNIT 2 UNIT 3 COMPETITIONS Eee Solara ree 8 Scanned with CamScannerFEATURES 10 How well do you sleep? Complete a questionnaire about sleep 12. The secrets of a long life How can you live to be ‘one hundred? 14 Nature is good for you Nature and health 18 Laughter yoga A video about why laughing is good for you Unit 1 Lifestyle Work in pairs. Describe the place in the photo, How do you think the person feels? [REI Work in pairs. Listen to a description ofthe place in the photo. Answer the questions 1 Where is Bukhansan National Park? 2. How many people visit it every year? 3. Why do they go there? Look at the activities in the box. Which activities do you often do? When do you do them? Tell your partner. take a bike ride cook a meal chat on social media play sports and exercise go for long walks 90 fishing play video games play a musical instrument read books watch movies r long zoalks in the evening. Scanned with CamScanner1a How well do you sleep? Vocabulary everyday routines 1 Work in pairs. Match the two parts of the expressions for everyday routines. Then describe your typical day using some of the expressions. asleep fall > © homelate 3 takea TV 4 watch break 5 work long, until midnight 6 wake up eight 7 get up about early 8 stay up hours Reading 2 Answer the questionnaire below. Then work in pairs and compare your answers. 3 Tun to page 153 and find out what your answers say about yout lifestyle Grammar simple present and adverbs of frequency 4 Match the sentences (1-2) with their uses (a-b), Iwork long hours and get home late. The average human needs around eight hours of sleep per night to talk about things that are always true to talk about habits and routines llyoulwelthey sleep. Helshelit sleeps. liyoulwelthey don't sleep. He/shelit doesn't sleep. Do lyoulweithey sleep? Does he/shelit sleep? For more information and practice, see page 156. 1 Do you often feel tired? ‘A No, | never feel tired during the day. B | sometimes feel tired after a long day at work C All the time! I'm always ready for bed. How many hours do you usually sleep at night? A Between seven and eight hours B More than nine. | rarely stay up late. € Fewer than six. What do you usually do before you go to bed? A | watch TV or read a book B | exercise. € I do some work. How long do you usually sleep on the weekends? A | usually sleep the same amount as any other day. B I sometimes sleep for an extra hour or two. € | always sleep until noon! | never get up early How often do you wake up in the middle of the night? A I never wake up before morning, B I rarely wake up more than once. € Two or three times a night Scanned with CamScanner5 Look at the grammar box on page 10. Complete the article about sleep with the simple present form of the verbs in parentheses. The secrets of sleep sleep (we / sleep)? we ? Gpend) a third of our lives asleep, but scientists still? (not / know) exactly why. Why‘ (we / have) problems sleeping? In modern society, many adults * (not / get) the seven or eight hours’ sleep they need every night. We § (work) long hours, and we rarely ” (go) to bed at sunset. Why*___(we / sleep) differently? It"___ (depend) on the time of year and. also our age. Teenagers usually " (need) more sleep than adults. Lots of elderly people" (not sleep) longer than four or five hours at night, but they often *__ (take) naps during the day. 6 Pronunciation /s/, /z/, or /1z/ [HEI Listen to the endings of these verbs. Is the sound /s/, /z/, or /iz/? Circle your answers, Then listen again and repeat. 1 feels /s/ f2/ hal 5 goes Is ial haz! 2 needs /s! /2/ fiz! 6 dances. is! /z/ (ial 3 watches /s/ /2/ itz 7 does Is! fal hal 4 sleeps /s! /2/ /iz)_ 8 works _/s/ /2/ fiz 7 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. 1 What time do you and your friends usually get up? How late do you stay up? 2. Does anyone in your family ever take a nap in the afternoon? 3. Do people sleep longer in the summer or in the winter? 8 Look at the list below. Then underline the adverbs of frequency in the questionnaire on page 10 and write the missing adverbs in the list. 100% * not often rarely 0% * 9 Lookat the grammar box above. Circle the correct, options to complete the rules (1-2). 1 An adverb of frequency usually goes after / before the main verb, but it goes after / before the verb br. 2. Anexpression of frequency (e.g. tvice a week) usually goes at the beginning /in the middle or at the end of a sentence. 10 Show the correct place in the sentence for the adverb or expression in parentheses. Sometimes there is more than one correct answer. 1 Mybrotherfplays tennis on Saturday momings. (always) 2 We ae ata restaurant. (about once a month) 3. take a bus to school. every day) 4 She is at home during the day. (rarely) 5 They go on vacation. (twicea year) 6 Are you late for work? (often) Speaking Ea 11 Work in pairs. Find out about your partner's habits. ‘Take turns asking questions with How often ...? and the ideas in the box. Answer using an adverb or expression of frequency. A: How often do you eat out? B: About once a month. 0 on vacation check your email play board games eat at a restaurant be late for work/school check your phone for messages take public transportation feel stressed 12 Work in groups. Prepare a questionnaire about lifestyle for another group. Start each question with How often ...?, Are you often ‘or Do you often ...?, and offer three choices of answer (A, B, or C). Then ask your questions to the other group. Can you tell them what their answers say about their lifestyle? ee) Scanned with CamScanner1b The secrets of a long life Reading 3 Lookat the wordbuilding box. Complete the chart below with activities from the article 1. Work in pairs. Who is the oldest person you a8 know? How old is he or she? How healthy is Do Go [Play z their lifestyle? | 2. Work in pairs. Read the article The of a Long Life. Answer the questions. 1 Why is Okinawa famous? 2 What kind of food do the people eat there? 3. Which of their activities do you do? 4 Add these activities to the chart in Exercise 3. Use a dictionary if necessary, Wordbuilding collocations with cards hiking homework nothing do, play, and go running shopping tennis the piano (SSioRSEUEWC SIRIUS PT Mae ‘We use certain nouns with certain verbs. These are called. 5 ‘Work in pairs. Tell your partner about people you collocations. know using the collocations in the chart. {0 fishing NOT do-shing or ploy fishing For more practice, see Workbook page 11 Long Life the Okin world, It's fa men and women who live of age. Some of the reasons for their good health are that they in Japan has some of the oldest p or its high number of cent jeyond one hundred years house: + exercise regularly, go swimiming, and lead active lives, snd play games. ‘An 89-year-old woman from Okinawa picks Pen ee at acs Scanned with CamScannerListening 6 [SEM Listen to a radio interview with photographer David McLain, Check (/) the topics the speakers talk about. Citheageofmenand sleep women Q food O family life Dexercise 7 [HEA Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?, 1 David McLain is traveling to TF different countries. 2. He's talking to the radio et announcer in the studio. 3. InSardinia, men live to the THe same age as women. 4 Sardinian families rarely eat i together. 5. Younger people are eating more ey unhealthy food, and they aren’t exercising enough. 8 Workin pairs. Think about the lifestyle of people in your country. Is it similar to the lifestyle in Sardinia? How traditional is your country? Grammar simple present and present continuous 9 Look at the grammar box and the sentences below from the interview. Which sentences use the simple present (S)? Which use the present continuous (C)? 1. Well, one man is trying to Sie) answer these questions— photographer David McLain. 2. He's speaking to us right now soe on the phone. 3. Men ive to the same age as women. S$ 4. Every Sunday, the whole family sit, eats a big meal together. 5 Also, young people are moving Barc to the city, so they are exercising less because of their lifestyle. 10 We use the present continuous to talk about something happening now or around now. Match the three present continuous sentences in Exercise 9 with the uses (a-c). to talk about a changing situation b to talk about something happening around now, but not necessarily at this exact moment © to talk about something actually in progress 11 Complete the sentences with the simple present or present continuous form of these verbs. reply read 1 We re learning ‘a new language at the moment. 2 My friends and I often time at each other's houses. 3. Can you wait a minute? I to anemail. 4 How often you to the gym? 51 a really interesting book at the moment. Speaking 12 Write pairs of questions. Use the simple present in one question and the present continuous in the other. Then work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions. 1 a How / usually spend your free time? How do you usually spend your fre time? b / you / play / many sports these days? Are you playing many sports these days? / often / read novels? b read / any good books at the moment? ‘Where / usually go on vacation? b Where / plan to go this year? / speak / any other languages? b /learn / any new languages? Scanned with CamScanner1c Nature is good for you Reading 1 2 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Where do you think this woman is? Read the article. Match the topics (a-c) with the paragraphs in the article (1-3), a how much time we spend outdoors —_ b_ making nature part of city life ¢ studies by doctors Work in pairs. Read the article again. Answer the questions. 1 Whatis the main change in how people spend their time? see 2. What is happening at national parks in Canada? 3. After the math test, where did some people look at pictures of nature? 4 What are they going to build in Dubai? 5. In South Korea, how many people visit the new forests every year? Word focus feel 4 6 Work in pairs. Underline four phrases with feel in the first paragraph of the article. Match the phrases to the uses (1-3). 1 totalk about your emotions or health 2. to talk about wanting to do something, 3. to talk about an opinion ‘Complete the questions with the words in the box. about better like that 1 What do you usually feel after a long day at work? 2 Do you feel Why or why not? 3. After a difficult day, what makes you feel in the evening? 4 How do you feel doing nature is good for us? nature? Work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions from Exercise 5. A: What do you usually feel like doing after a long day at work? B: Going for a run in my local park and then eating dinner. Sometimes I go out and meet friends. Critical thinking giving examples 7 When writers give an opinion, they often support the idea with examples. Look at these sentences, Which sentence has the main idea (M)? Which sentences give examples (E)? a For example, the number of ME visitors to Canada’s national parks is going down every year. b_ Humans are spending more ME time inside and less time outside, And in countries such as the ME USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. 8 Work in pairs. Read paragraphs 2 and 3 of the article, Find the sentence with the main idea and sentences with examples. Underline the phrases for giving examples. Eorexample, the number of visitors to Canada's national parks is going down every year. 9 Complete these sentences in your own words. Use examples from your own life. Then share your sentences with a partner, 1 Trelax in my free time in different ways. For example, .. 2 My hometown has some places with trees and nature, such as 3. There are some beautiful national parks in my country. A good example is... Speaking EEG 10 Work in groups of four. Imagine your town has some money to make people's lives healthier. Look at the ideas below and think of one more. * plant one hundred new trees in the town * build a new park with a children’s play area * increase the number of bike paths across the town 11 Discuss the ideas in your group and choose the best one. Give reasons and examples. I think increasing the number of bike paths is a good idea because cycling is good for your health and good for the environment. Scanned with CamScannerNATURE . is good for you How do you feel about nature? After spending hours often feel like going outside for a s at your desk, do you your local oF Us; walk? Or if you work for hi jel better when you take a break and visit 5 park? Most people think that nature is good its good for our bodies and good for our brains However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of sitors to Canada's national parks is going down every 1 year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of gers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century king our physical health worse. and that it is m. Asa result, some doctors are studying the connection 15 between nature and health; one example of this is the ork of Dr. Matilda van den Bosch in Sweden. The doctor gave two groups of people a math test. During he test, the heart rate’ of people in both groups increased, After the test, one group of people sat in 20 a 3D-virtual-reality room with pictures and sounds of their heart rates were Nature for fifteen minutes. Lat slower than the heart rates of people in the other group. The virtual contact with nature helped these people fee! more relaxed. Another good example of how nature 25 is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in cities. Overall, they found that people who lived near parks were healthier. Because of studies like these, some countries and cities El a0 want nature to be part of people's everyday life. In Dubai, for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden, so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants, and water. In some countries— such as Switzerland—"forest schools” are popular 35 schoolchildren study their subjects in the forest and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea is another {good example: It has new forests near its cities, and. around 13 milion people vist these forests every year. So after building cities for so long, perhaps its now time 40 to start rebuilding nature * heart rate (n) shart ret the speed at which the heart beats (number of heartbeats per minute) Lifestyle Scanned with CamScanner 51d At the doctor’s 1 Look at the pictures. Match the people (1-8) with the medical problems (ah). e Ihavea stomachache. f Ihavea temperature. 8 havea sore throat. h Thavea bad cough. Thave a headache. Thave a backache. Thave a runny nose. Thave an earache. aoge 2. What do you do when you have the problems in Exercise 1? Discuss with a partner. Choose the best option (1-3) for each problem. 1. Igo to bed. 2. Itake medicine. 3. Igo to the pharmacy or see my doctor. 3 Pronunciation one or two syllables? Listen to these words. Which words have one syllable? Which words have two? Underline the stressed syllable in the two-syllable words. Then listen again and repeat. headache ear throat cough ache stomach earache backache What medical problems does each person have isten again and write the nur a be Saar ation for?) new toed lea eam a, advice (a-e). ‘Take this medicine three times a day, 1 Get some rest. — Drink hot water with honey and lemon, _ \ Real life talking about illness 4 [REI Work in pairs. Listen to two conversa} one at a pharmacy and one at a doctor's office, aooe Take one tablet twice a day. —_ e Buy cough drops. — Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) their endings. Use the expressions for talking about iliness to help you. Do you have this medicine, You should take It’s good for Why don’t you Idon’t feel You need to 000000 000000 ‘Asking and talking about illness | don't feel very well. | feel sickill. Do you feel sicsil? Do you have a temperature? How do you feel? 2 Giving advice ‘You need to/ You should take t 7 Workin pairs. Student A: You have a medical problem. ‘one of the problems from Exercise 1 and Student B what your problem is. a Student B: You are a pharmacist. Ask how Student A feels and give advice. ‘Then change roles and have a new conve! Scanned with CamScannerie Personal information Writing filling out a form 1. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. + What kinds of forms do you sometimes fill out? * Think of a form you filled out recently. What information did you write? 2 Work in pairs. Look at these forms. What is each form for? Firstname Middle initial Details of past surgery or operations a PLEASE USE CAPITAL LETTERS PASSPORT NO: PLACE OF RTH NATIONALITY ARTAL STATUS EDUCATION DEGREE, ETC) Have you visited this country before? (yes, ive deta) Contac details of person in case of emergency (spouse next of kn) 3 Writing skill information on forms ‘@ Work in pairs. Match the questions. (1-6) with the headings on the forms in Exercise 2 where you write the information. 1. Are you married, single, or divorced? marital status Do you take any medicine? How many children do you have? 4 What country were you bon in? 5 Who can we call in your family if you need help? 6 Whatis the first letter of your middle name? 2 3 b Look at the forms again. Discuss these questions with your partner. ‘Then check your answers on page 155. 1 How many abbreviations can you find in the forms? What do they mean? DOB = Date of birth 2 Under the heading Title on forms, we use the abbreviations Mr, Mrs., Ms,, and Dr. What do they mean? 3. Which form doesn’t want you to write in lowercase letters? 4 Work in pairs. Design a form for new students ata language school. © List ll the information you need about the students. * Then prepare the form. 5 Exchange your form with another pair. Use these questions to check their form. Is their form easy to fill out? * Do you know what to write in each part? * Would you change anything on the form? Unit 1 Lifestyle @ Scanned with CamScannerz | Scanned with CamScannerBefore you watch 1. Work in pairs and answer these questions 1 Think of someone you know who laughs a lot. Describe that person. 2 Do you laugh often? What makes you laugh? 3. Look at the photo and the caption. Why do you think people join this laughter club? Key vocabulary Read the sentences (1-6). The words and phrases in bold are used in the video. Write these words and phrases next to their definitions (a-f). [heard a funny joke yesterday. Exercise is a good way to relieve stress. ‘The doctors performed an operation to clear a blockage in the blood vessels that supply his heart. 4. One of the benefits of yoga is increased muscle strength and tone. 5 There are about 50 calories in an apple. 6 If you take in 2,500 calories a day, and burn 2,500 calories a day, you'll stay at about the same weight. a good or helpful results or effects b_ amethod, style, or manner of doing something —______ units used to measure the amount of energy that food provides d_ the narrow tubes through which your blood flows © use up £ something said to cause laughter 3 You are going to watch members of a laughter club doing, laughter yoga. What do you think the members do during their laughter yoga session? Check (/) the items you think are true. CO They walk around and greet one another. 1 They watch a funny movie. CO They make eye contact with other members. CO They chant and clap their hands. They take funny photos on their cell phones. 1D They all do the same body movements while laughing. While you watch 4 CORBI Watch the video. Were your predictions in Exercise 3 correct? [CREE watch the video again. Are these sentences true (T) ‘or false (F)? 1. The people in the video are laughing because someone told a joke. 2. Laughter yoga helps people feel happier through laughing, 3. When you laugh, changes happen. in your body. 4 Laughing can help you lose weight. OE TAP: TyigF 7 a CORRE Watch the video again, Choose the correct option (a orb) to complete each sentence. 1 Laughing can make your blood vessels a cleaner b wider 2. Laughing can reduce the risk of E a heartdisease —-b_ certain cancers 3 Youcan burn calories when you laugh for five to ten minutes. a 40 b 400 4. Westart laughing when we are around a one month old After you watch 7 Vocabulary in context meaning of the words and phrases. 8 Work in pairs and answer these questions. b three months old FA Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct 1 Would you join a laughter club? Why or why not? 2 Do you think laughter is better than other forms of exercise? Give examples to support your answer. Unit Lifestyle G3) | * Scanned with CamScannerga =%UNIT 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 5 Which words can follow the verb in bold? Cross out the incorrect word. 1 do homework, housework, relaxing, yoga 2. goasleep, surfing, jogging, home 3. play golf, swimming, games, tennis 4 feel tired, happy, ache, sick 1 Circle the correct options to complete the text about man named Nazroo. 6 ESSE Work in pairs. Write four sentences using verbs from Exercises 4 and 5, but leave | out the verb. We often yoga when wwe wake up, | Then work with another pair. Take turns reading your sentences and guessing the missing word. describe daly routines | talk about fre-time activities a] | Real life 7 Circle the correct options to complete the conversation between two friends. ‘A: ' How do / Do you feel? 2 Show the correct place in the sentence for the B: Not very? well fill havea paaeom expression in parentheses. In three sentences, there is eae more than one correct answer. A: “De push Doveiiiees ee aa 1 [play video games. (rarely) Idon’t know. I feel a little hot. 2. We're studying Spanish. (at the moment) A; *Try/ You need drinking some honey and 3. My family plays sports. (every weekend) Jemon in hot water. | 4. Allmy friends are working, (these days) B: Good idea. ! 3 EERE nevi te echrso tec 2ooayare | (Betws /diccqu ste eae true for you. ! irs. Look at the pictures | | a answer the questions, alk about everyday routines = $ "use adverbs and expressions of frequency a a a Vocabulary 4 Match the verbs in A the words in B. Then complete the sentences with the expressions. A fall take work 8 (eee Bes rz paE 1 What medical problems do these people 1 Iean't because of all 2 What advice can you give them? the noise outside my bedroom. You should go to bed, 2. Atwork, we always at 11 and have coffee. 3. Weall these days because there is a Tot to do. Scanned with CamScannerAthletes in Cozumel, Mexico, compete for Pee cau are FEATURES Crazy competitions! Making rules for new competitions Winning and losing Is competition important insports? Bolivian wrestlers Women competing in a national sport Mongolian horse racing A video about horse racing, at a Mongolian festival Competitions 11 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. What do you know about this kind of competition? 2. [HE Listen to someone talking about the Ironman competition. Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 How many races are there in the Ironman competition? 2. How many kilometers do the competitors swim and cycle? 3 How many people compete in Hawaii every year? 3 The words in the box are from the same family. Which word 1 averb? 2 anadiective? competitor 3 anoun (thing)? 4 anoun (person)? competitive competition compete. 4 Complete the questions with the words from the box above. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. 1 Insports, are you normally a___ ora spectator? 2 Doyouever 3. What types of 4 Areyoua in sports? do you like? __ person? Why or why not? Scanned with CamScanner 2ma 2a Crazy competitions! sports Look at the highlighted words in the article. Work in pairs. Look at the title of the article : Use these words to complete the sentences below. and the two photos. Why do you think these competitions are “crazy 1 Runners at the Olympic Games get a gold medal when they win a — , there are eleven Read the article and match the sentences (1-6) with the competitions (A or B). Two sentences In socet on each side, are true for both competitions A baseball is played between two 1 Competitors start and end at the same 4 How many did you score? place. -A 5 After two hours of running, the wag 2. The rules are similar to those of another finally in sight real sport. — 6 The _ received a gold medal, 3. The competition is held once a year 4 Ttinvolves.a type of transportation. — Work in pairs. Answer these questions. 5 Its forte 1 How many different kinds of races can you think 6 There isa time limit of? What is your favorite team sport? How many players are there in a team? Which of the two competitions would you like to watch or take part in? Do you have any crazy competitions in your couniry? Discuss 3. What are the names of the sports teams in your with a partner. town or city 4 Inwhat games do you score goals and in what games do you score points? ee B\The Idiotarod The Kotrod is an annual n twenty ferent US ci COMPETITIONS! fe peopeenda shcppngcar. Ore pase i There are lots of competitions ee Biever iets satan nan ante ocecee os a PS er eee have to runon the sare roads, The mem ‘eet OP tec] d together, a Zach team must have inthe cart, and four they can't finish without the cart! The Mud Bowl Championship Mud Bow footbal—playe ‘September in North Conway, New Hamp ball and run with it. T also two teams, b shorter. The inf is the with the most pain at the end of sixty minutes. The really big tthe players have Scanned with CamScannerwith these modal verbs, Use each modal verb only MODAL VERBS FOR RULES once modal verbs for rules ‘Complete the description of another competition ach team must have five people and a shopping cart. ey can’t change the wheels the teams have to start and finish at the same place. ney don’t have to run on the same roads. Players can pick up the ball and run with it must haveto don'thaveto can’t can For more information and practice, see page 158. Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Complete the explanations (a-d) with the modal verbs in bold nn the grammar box. a Weuse____or. when the rules say it’s necessary. b Weuse ____ when it’s allowed by the rules, ¢ Weuse when something isn’t necessary but is allowed by the rules. d Weuse it isn’t allowed by Circle the correct options to complete the sentences about different sports. ¢ wear a helmet when you 1 Do you have to / mus play ice hockey? 2 Intennis, players don’t have to /can use video replay technology if they want to see where the ball landed. This technology has transformed the game of tennis. 3. Inbowling, you can bring your own ball, but you have to /don't have to if you don’t want to. 4 Soccer players must /don’t have to follow the rules, or the referee will send them off the field. They have to /can't argue with the referee Every two years, people from all over the globe enter the World Beard and Moustache Championships. The rules are simple. You’ __muist___ be over eighteen years old, and you*___ have a moustache or a beard, or both. Also, you?__ put on false hair! In total, there are eighteen different categories, but competitors. ‘ only enter one category. There are categories for short beards and different moustaches, so you’ have the longest moustache or the biggest beard to win a prize. Work in pairs. You are going to explain the rules of a sport or competition. Choose one of the following, Make a list of six to seven rules. Then’ explain your rules to another pair: ‘+ a popular sport in your country * a popular TV quiz show or TV competition ‘+ an annual national or international competition play with two teams, a ball, and a bat. Competitions | aseball is a popular sport in my country. You have to : Scanned with CamScannerm 2b Winning and losing ildi i 3. Work in pairs. Who are the most famous athletes Wve Tabaliding}suffixes in your country? What type of athlete are they? 1 Are any of the athletes in the photos famous in (eg. a swimmer, a golfer, a skateboarder) your country? Match the people (A-C) with Lionel Messi is very famous in my country. these words. He's a soccer player tennis player __ runner Listening soccer player 4 Read the quotes with the photos. Do you think winning is always important in sports? Why or why P-WORDBUILDING suffixes not? Discuss with a partner: You can add -er to some sports to describe the Person ane plays eee 5 [AEEI Listen to three people talking about ski skier, golf golfer You can add player to some sports: competitive sports in schools. Match the speakers (1-3) with their opinions (a-c). tennis ~ tennis player, baseball ~> baseball player a Speaker thinks non-competitive sports are Some sports don’t use the suffix er or player: a good idea. athletics + athlete, cycle - cyclist b Speaker thinks competitive sports are a good idea in schools. ogre proctice! pes Merion poset) © Speaker thinks sports in schools are a good idea, but there can be problems. 2. Work in pairs. Look at the wordbuilding box. What is the word for a person who: 1 boxes? boxer 5 plays chess? 2. motorcycles? 6 drivesa racing car? 3. plays basketball? 7 does gymnastics? 4. swims? 8. goes surfing? “1 don't like losing.” Usain Bolt ee er eke being happy and healthy is the most important thing.” Venus Williams 24 Scanned with CamScanner6 Look at these opinions for and against 10 Work in pairs. Put the words in the correct order to make competitive sports in schools. Which are the quotes by famous athletes, Then match the ing forms opinions fr (F) and which are the opinions withthe uses a-c) in Exercise 9, ogninet 2) 1 never / thought / losing / of /1 1 Winning and losing teaches. = A (Muhammad Ali, boxer) students about life 2. love / Ijust / winning 2. Allot of successful schools don't FA (Ayrton Senna, race car driver) have competitive sports 3. achampion / afraid / losing / isn’t / of 3. Children get more exercise when FA Gillie Jean King, tennis player) they try to win, 4 hate /1/ losing 4 Winning isn’t importantas long FA (Sachin Tendulkar, cricket player) | as you do your best. 5 Tm/ more worried about / a good person / being / 5 Children lea to workwellin FA than being the best soccer player teams when they play against (Lionel Messi, soccer player) 6. Stuer loam ta er ae ince the correct options to complete this by doing competitive sports. conversation. Then listen and check. 7 Some parents don‘tlikelosing F A A: What’son TV? and get angry with their children B: Cycle / Cyling. If the Tour de France. [love *atct / 8 Allchildren are different, and FA soatching it some aren't good at sports. ‘A: Oh, no! think / thinking its boring! 9 Competitive sports are fun. FA B: Idisagree. I really enjoy ‘watch / watching the cyclists ride through the mountains. 7 [REE Which opinions (1-9) from Exercise 6. ip aint front of the TV all day isn’t exciting. I'm does each speaker give? Listen again and tho of ae doing noting, Ave soueanpeeeeiaeneee ie We could “play / playing this afternoon. Speaker 1__L Bs But I want to ‘tat / watching this. Speaker? ‘A: What's wrong? Are you afraid of lose losing? Speaker 3 Rae 12 Pronunciation /y/ 8 Work in groups. Discuss the opinions in Exercise 6. Answer these questions. a ERED Listen to six words. Circle the word you hear. 1 Which opinions do you agree with? 1 thin think thing 2. Which do you disagree with? 2 win wink wing. 3. Are there any other reasons for or 3 ban bank bang against competitive sports in schools? 4 sin sink sing 5 ran rank rang pre pink ping, Grammar -ing form b CREEL Listen again to the conversation from Exercise 11. Notice the pronunciation of the -ing forms. Then work in 1 Learning to win and lose is important in 2 pairs and practice the conversation. | child's education. nae 2 Competitive sports in schools are good for Se ee miauesemes, Speaking EMEG 3 Some parents iste ae 413 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out what sports or For more information and predic, see page 158. activities your partner likes. Then complete the sentences. ‘A: What sports do you love watching? 9 Lookat the grammarbox-The verbs the Tei Wht aout oi? ing form are in bold, Match these verbs ; Te a eo atie ee 1 Llove watching __, but my partner doesn't. (1-8) wit the usenet a 2 [think is boring, but my partner loves it! a Itis the subject ofthe sentence. 3 Webs ciay Cao Itcomes after a verb (elke). — Webroot ¢ Itcomes after a preposition (eo). Tm spataiy peated ane | Unit 2 Competitions e@ Scanned with CamScanner2c Bolivian wrestlers Reading 1. Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Domany people watch boxing or wrestling in your country? 2. Why do some people dislike these types of sports? 3. What do you think about these sports? 2. Read the article about wrestling in Bolivia. Which paragraph (1-5) describes: a the two wrestlers before the fight? _2_ b the popularity of male and female wrestling in Bolivia? —_ ¢ Yolanda’s family life? __ the reason why a fan watches it? __ the fight between the two wrestlers? 3 Find words in the article for these definitions. 1 something people watch for pleasure entertainment 2. allarge group of people 3. the person who describes the action in a sport Sones! lene 4 get very excited, shout, and jump up and down giics Hack, Hel et 5. people who like a famous athlete £ mt 6 the money you earn for work done a2 bien Critical thinking reading between the lines 4 Anarticle doesn’t always tell us about how people feel, but we can often guess. Match the people from the article (1-3) with the sentences (a-c) 1 Yolanda 2. Yolanda’s daughter 3. Esperanza a “Idon’t understand why wrestling is so popular.” b “feel wonderful every time I step into the ring,” — “Life is very hard for people like me.” __ 5. Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. 1 How do you feel about the women wrestlers? 2. Woulld you like to see this sport? Why or why not? Word focus like 6 The word like has a number of meanings and uses, Match the sentences (1-4) with the uses (a-d), a We use like + noun to talk about things we enjoy. b- We use like +-ing to talk about activities we enjoy doing, © We use be /look like to talk about similarities between people/things/actions. d We use would like to + base form of a verb to talk about future plans or ambitions. 1 Most people like soccer. 2. Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars. 3. Would your daughters like to become wrestlers one day? 4. Esperanza likes watching wrestling. 7 Match the questions with like (1-5) with their answers (a-e), What do you like doing on the weekend? What kind of music do you like? Are you like anyone in your family? Where would you like to go on your next vacation? What does your dad look like? Yeah, I'm really similar to my mom. —_ Spain. Or Portugal, maybe. Anything, Rock, classical—I don’t mind. — Going to the movies. —_ He's tall and has brown hair. Rone cance aw 8 Work in pairs. Take turns asking the questions from Exercise 7 and giving your own answers. Speaking Hi 9 Work in groups. Can you name ten sports in the Olympic Games? 10 These six sports are not in the Olympic Games. Discuss the questions in your group and give reasons for your answers. 1 Which of the six sports do you think is the popular? 2. Which three sports would your group like tohave at the next Olympics? ‘American football bowling ‘mixed martial arts darts Scanned with CamScannerIn Bolivia, soccer is the national sport, but the famous for another sport ople like watching wrestling, and it's with tourists, too. It's an exciting mixture nd entertainment. When modern ing started in Bolivia in the 1950s, the re all men, but nowadays women ing in the ring country is 2 wrestling, Loca pc of sport, drama, good place to watch wrestling, spectators go to the fights in the evening ' evening, the crowd is sitting around a huge wrestling ring and shouting, “Bring them on! Bring hem on!” Suddenly, the commentator is speaking icrophone, "Ladies and gentlemen. It’s time ‘or Yolanda and Claudina!” The crowd is screaming vith excitement as two women in colorful clothes enter he ring, Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars. They ind wave to their fans, The music stops, and the tarts the fight. Claudina jumps on Yolanda referes 2s 20 3 + RESTLERS Then Yolanda throws Claudina on the floor. As Claudina lies on the floor, Yolanda smiles and waves to the crowd. Then Claudina gets up and pushes Yolanda onto the ground. One minute, Yolanda is winning. The next minute, Claudina is winning, The spectators go crazy! ‘Away from the ring, many wrestlers are women with families. At home, Yolanda has a normal, quiet family life. She has two daughters, and she makes clothes for a living. Her father was also a wrestle, so its a family tradition. In answer to the question “Would your daughters like to become wrestlers one day?”, Yolanda says they wouldn't, She answers, “My daughters ask me why I do this. I's dangerous, and they complain that wrestling doesn’t bring any money into the house.” So why does she do it? Yolanda loves wrestling because of her fans—and she has lots of them. One of her fans is named Esperanza Cancina, Esperanza pays $1.50 (a large part of her salary) to sit near the ring, She likes watching wrestling because, she says, “We laugh and we forget our problems for three or four hours.” Competitions Scanned with CamScanner 7ma 2d Joining a group Speaking 1 Work as a class or in groups. Interview different people. Find someone who: 1 is amember of a team or club. 2. has to go to regular meetings (e.g., every week), 3. competes with their team or club. Real life talking about interests 2 Work in pairs. Look at the ads below. Would you like to join one of these clubs? Why or why not? Join our running groups for beginners and for more experienced runners. It’s non-competitive and fun. get fit prc ta friends? 7 p.m. every Wednesday. Call Mike for details at 415-555-2671. The Barton Photography Club welcomes 5 enter our summer photography competition. new members. We are a busy club with First prize is a new XPBii camera! The entry fee is STREET anew camera! regular speakers. Join before March 1st and ‘$15 (including membership). Visit [Link] to join. c Le AAT CRE Se aed Cee) Peng eee ake Pee) eerie? Ped eee a) Pec ee ee een 3) ESEEV Two people are looking at the ads (from Exercise 2) in their local newspaper. Listen to their conversation. Number the ads (AC) in hg order they are discussed (1-2). ae ee c 4 [REEL Listen again and complete these sentences with the words you hear. 1 You're really taking photos. 2 Well, joining something else? 3. Are you acting? 41 standing up in front of people. 5 I'm _ good at singing, 6 Youshould I think you'd enjoy it 7 Vthink I'd join this one on Wednesday evenings 8 It like fun. you come, too? 5 Work in pairs. Match the sentences in Exercise 4 with the three categories in the box below. ‘Talking about interests and abilities Do you like taking photos? ''m good at acting. I'm (not) interested in photography. Talking about plans ''dlike/prefer to join a running club. I wouldn't like to do it. Recommending and encouraging It looks interesting, Goon, I think you'd enj You should do it with me, 6 Pronunciation silent letters [REE Some letters in English words are not Pronounced. Listen to these words from the fonversation and cross out the silent letters. Then listen again and repeat, 1 interested la ca 2 should 5) tae 3. friends oa Work in pairs. What other clubs would you like join? Why would you like to join them? Scanned with CamScanner2e Advertising for members Writing an ad 5. Writing skill checking your writing 4. Work in small groups. What makes a good ad and ‘Itis important to check your writing for mistakes a bad ad? Think about ads you like and don’t like before people read it. Read these sentences (1-8) from ads and find one mistake in each sentence. in magazines, on TY, or online. Circle the mistake and write the correct symbol 2. Read the advice about how to write effective ads. from the correction key. Each key is used ance. Then look at the ads on page 28. Discuss these questions as a group. 1 Would you like to learn a musical instrument? P 1 Which ad follows most of the advice? 2. Enter our exciteing competition! Jow could you improve the ads? i I you improve the ad 3. Are yeu geed at play tennis? _ 4. We meet at Tuesdays and Thursdays. — CCA Aa OY) 5 It's fun way to get fit. F 6 Join this club new! + Start with a good headline. You could ask a Z, question or solve a problem 7 Get healthy and play yoga + The ad should explain the reasons for buying 8 Call peter at 077 237 5980. something or joining a club. + If possible, offer something for free or a prize Writing correction key + Include any other important information (dates, s = spelling mistake times, location, contact information, etc) wu = missing word r punctuation mistake + Photos, pictures, or images always help. top. So pene os grammar mistake 00 = word order mistake 3. Work in pairs. You are going to plan a new club. ‘ peepee Discuss these questions ww 2 eae What type of club is it? 2. Who is the club for? b 3. Are there any rules for members? Read your ad from Exercise 4 again. Are there any mistakes? 4. Is there a membership fee? How much is it? 6 Display your ads around the classroom. Wal Where and how often will it meet? Di d 1 the classroom. Walk around and read about each other's new clubs. 4 Plan and write an ad for your club, Think about these questions, © Which clubs would you like to join? © Which ads are effective? Why? one Scanned with CamScannerRu SEE s ona ere) Scanned with CamScannerBefore you watch 1. Work in pairs. Look at the photo of horse racing in Mongolia. Answer these questions. 1. Do you have horse racing in your country? 2. How popular is itas a sport? 2 Key vocabulary Read the sentences (1-7). The words and phrases in bold are used in the video. Write these words and phrases next to their definitions (a-g). 1 Inthe Olympic Games, each winner receives a gold medal. T got 100% on the exam, so I feel very proud of myself A religious man blesses people. My horse can run like the wind. At the festival, there were displays by actors and performers A typical rodeo includes events such as bull riding and catching cows with ropes. 7 Inthis competition, Ihave one main rival who always tries to beat me. asks a god (or gods) to protect something or someone pleased because you've done something well shows or presentations d_ ametal disc given for an achievement every quickly —_____ £ competition where cowboys show different skills ga person who is as good or almost as good as you at doing something, While you watch 3) CXERT Watch the video. Number these actions in the order you see them (1-6) __— Mukhdalai’s horse wins the race. ‘The riders leave the starting point. Areligious woman blesses the horses. _ Mukhdalai receives first prize. _— Ahorse rider picks up poles. —— Two men wrestle. ERI Watch the video again. Choose the correct. option (a or b) to complete each sentence. 1. The Naadam is a Mongolian festival. a. spring b summer 2. Mukhdalai and Namjin are horse compete against each other. a riders b trainers 3. Mukhdalai and Namjin ___ each other. a. like ‘ b don't like 4 There are about race. a twenty b eighty 5. The starting point is at the a topofahill b bottom of a valley 6 ____ is wearing green and white. a Mukhdalai’s son b_ Namjin’s son 7 Mukhdalai’s horse is in first place for race. a_ the whole b_partof the 8 Itis Namjin’s horse's race. a. first b fifth who horses competing in the After you watch 5: a Vocabulary in context ‘Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions. 1. Whatare some annual celebrations in your country? 2 Imagine you and your classmates are competing, ina 100-meter race. Who do you think will take the lead and win? Do you think this person will finish a long way ahead of the rest? Work in pairs. Write five questions about the Naadam festival in the video. What is the Naadam festival famous for? Work with a new partner. Take turns asking and answering your questions from Exercise 6 about the Naadam. Unit 2 Competitions @ Scanned with CamScannerGrammar 1 Circle the correct options to complete the text about an unusual competition. The first bed race was in Knaresborough, UK, in 1966. The rules are simple. Each team ' can / has to race with one bed on wheels. There are six people to a team and one passenger. The team # must /doesn’t have to have either six men or six women, or you® car /can‘talso race with a team of three men and three women. The passenger “has to / doesn’t have to be an adult, but he or she ® doesn’t have to /can’t be younger than twelve years old. The time limit for the race is thirty minutes, and you * can't /have to take longer. 2. EEXE Work in pairs, What sports do these people play? Describe two rules for each sport Venus Williams Lionel Messi Usain Bolt 3 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of these verbs, 90 learn lose watch win 1 to speak another language is very useful, 2. Peter is very competitive—he hates 3. Trying is more important than 4 think toa basketball game is more fun than ______it on TV, 4 BEMIE Complete the sentences in your own words using the -ing form. Then tell a partner, 1 __is very good for you. 2 I'mreally interested in 3. Idon't like “use modal verbs for rules ae “se the -ing form my UNIT 2 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Vocabulary 5. Write the missing vowels in these words related to sports. Race with a partner to see who can finish’ b_s_b_il won f_ns t__m aaa Bonus 6 Workin pairs. Answer these questions with four of the words from Exercise 5. What do you have to cross in a race? What is the opposite of a loser? What type of competition is Formula One? What do you call a group of people who like an athlete or a sports team? 7 BSXMD Work in pairs. Choose three more words from Exercise 5 and write three questions for them. Then work with another pair and take tums asking and answering your questions. talk about sports and athletes 7 Real life 8 Complete the conversation. Write one word in each blank, A: Are you interested !___ painting? There's a new evening class at my college. B: But I'm not very good ?___art. A: I'm not either, but I'd like ® Come on, You should do it# Sorry. What about doing something else? ‘you like taking photos? There’s also a class for that. Actually, that sounds interesting, learn. me. >e B |Complete these sentences in your own words, Then share your sentences with a partner. Vm good at I think I'd enjoy learning .. I'malso interested in I wouldn’t like to ... Scanned with CamScannerFEATURES 34 Transportation solutions Find out about some new transportation ideas 36 Transportation around the world Comparing diferent types of transportation 38 The end of the road How much longer can the rickshaw survive? 42. Indian Railways A video about one of the world’s largest transportation networks Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Where is the woman? Why do you think she is traveling like this? Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why isn’t the woman inside the train? ‘Work in pairs. Which ways of traveling would you prefer for the activities (1-7)? Give your reasons. bybicycle by bus bytruck by plane by train in my car inataxi ona ferry on foot onamotorcyce on aship 1. visit relatives I'd prefer to visit my relatives by bicycle or on foot because they only live five minutes from my house. move house and furniture get to the airport ‘oss an ocean go out in the evening to a party or restaurant commute to school or work go shopping Noaueen 3 Scanned with CamScannerma 3a Transportation solutions Rea’ Vocabulary transportation nouns 1 Read the article about three 5 WORDBUILDING compound nouns solutions to transportation We can join two words to make a new noun: bus + stop = bus stop, problems. Match the paragraphs aire port = airport, down + town = downtown with the photos (1-3). ‘A compound noun can be two words (bus stop) or one word (airport). Paragraph A — For more practice, see Workbook page 27. Paragraph B Paragraph C — 3 Find the compound nouns in bold in the article. Match them 2 Lookat the photos and read the with their definitions (1-6) : o article again. Which types of 1. the maximum speed you can legally drive speed limit _ transportation do the sentences (1-4) 2. along line of vehicles moving slowly on describe? Match the sentences to a-c the road below. Some sentences describe more 3__the time of day when lots of people travel to/from than one type. work 4 the money you spend on gas for transportation 5. the amount of CO, that a type of transportation produces 6. themain or central part of a city 1 Itmoves over people’s heads. 2. It’sa faster way to commute. 3 It/senvironmentally friendly. 4 It’s good for long distances. 4 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. a. driverless cars b monorail _1 1 Which of the three transportation solutions in the article do © Hyperloop _L you think are a good idea? 2. Which traffic problems could they solve in your area? PRANSPORTALLON (0) iti (0)! BMW, Volvo, General Motors, and Google are all currently working on driverless cars. Some driverless «ars use solar energy, which reduces fuel costs and lowers carbon emissions. They are also safer because the computer controls the speed, so they can't go faster than the speed limit. This monorail in New Zealand is anew solution for commuters ina traffic jam during rush hour. The passenger sits in a pod and can cycle over people's heads. Google has already invested over $1 milion inthis idea. {In the future, the Hyperloop could be a common type of public transportation. i's a long tube with no air inside, and passengers sit inside pods that travel at 1,200 kilometers per hour. It would reduce air and noise pollution. There are already plans for the first Hyperloop between downtown San Francisco and Los Angeles The stance is around 600 kilometers, and it would ony tke 30 minutes of travel time, Scanned with CamScannerGrammar comparatives and superlatives 5 REN Work in pairs. Listen to a conversation between two colleagues at work. Which types of transportation do they talk about? What advantages and disadvantages do they mention? 6 ERED Look at the grammar box below and circle the correct options in these sentences. Listen again and check. 1 Eight-thirty in the morning is the bad / worst time for traffic. 2. My bicycle is faster /fastest than your car during rush hour! 3. travel far /farther than you. 4. They’re better, but they’re also more / most expensive. 5. The most fast /fastest bus takes over an hour. Regular Comparative Superlative adjectives fax fester fest big bigger - biggest i Ves ee Irregular : "adjectives far farther farthest ‘good better best z bad worse worst | For more information and practice, see page 160. 7 Work in pairs. Look at the grammar box. Answer these questions. 1 What letters do we add to short adjectives (fast, cheap, etc.) to form comparative and superlative adjectives? 2. We use more before longer adjectives to make the comparative. What word do we use to make the superlative? 3. Which word often comes after a comparative adjective? Which word normally comes before a superlative adjective? 8 Pronunciation than @ [REM Listen to the pronunciation of than in these sentences. Listen again and repeat. 1 Carsare faster than bicycles. 2 Bicycles are better for the environment than cars. b Work in pairs, Practice saying these sentences. 1 Ttravel farther than you. 2. Atrain is more expensive than a bus. 9 Complete this report about a transportation survey. Write the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses. Report on local transportation — For commuting and daytime travel in our town, the ' (popular) form of transportation is the bus because it's (cheap) than going by car or ‘taxi, However, some people in the survey prefer to oycle because the bus is? Glow) than a bicycle during rush hour. Everyone said that parking downtown isthe ¢__ (big) problem, so people don’t often use their cars. Asaresult,taxisares____——_(popular) than private cars. Speaking 10. Work in pairs. Form comparative and superlative sentences with these transportation words and adjectives. How many sentences can you make in three minutes? t cars fast cheap bad [taxis buses slow popular | planes ships expensive safe | Bicycles motorcycles quick good. Trains are quicker than cars, but planes are the fastest type of transportation. 11. Work in pairs. Find out about your partner’s commute to work or school. Take tums asking and answering these questions. 1 How far do you travel to work or school? 2. What type of transportation do you use? 3. How long does it take? 4 How much does it cost every week? 12. With your partner, form sentences comparing your ‘commutes. ‘My home is farther from school than yours, / Your home is closer than mine. 13. Work with another pair. Compare your information. Find out: 1 who lives the closest to / farthest away from work or school ‘Mario lives the closest to work, and Ahmed lives the farthest away. 2 who has the shortest / longest commute 3 whohas the cheapest / most expensive commute each week 4. which type of transportation is the least / most popular in the group Unit 3 Transportation Scanned with CamScannerm 3b Transportation around the world Listening 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos. Where do you think they were taken? What are the advantages of using animals for transportation in these places? [XEHE Work in pairs. Listen to a documentary about animal transportation. Why does the speaker say camels and huskies are better than cars? EXEGI Listen to the documentary again. What do these numbers describe? Make notes and compare your answers with a partner. Camels Huskies SO degrees 50 degrees 40 kilometers 6 and 8 huskies BtoSdays 1,600 kilometers Grammar as... as 1 Insome parts of the world, animal transportation is as popular as these ‘modern vehicles. 2 In winter, northern Alaska can be as cold as the North Pole, 3 Forlong distances, modern vehicles are not as good as camels. 4 Acamel isn'tas comfortable as a car, For more information and pr ee page 160. 4 Work in pairs. Look at the grammar box and answer these questions. a Which two sentences say Which two sentences sai is less than the other? vy two things are the same or equal? 'y two things are different, and one thing 5. Workin pairs and rewrite these and the adjective in parentheses, 1. The subway from Hong Kong airport to Kowloon costs $100, and a taxi costs $210. (not / expensive) The subway from Hong Kong airport to Kowloon isn't as expensive as.a taxi 2. The ferry from Jordan to Egypt takes one hour. A bus ride over land takes two hours. (not / slow) 3. During rush hour in New York, tiding a bike to work and taking @ bus take the same amount of time. (fast) 4 if ate and Greece, 9% of households own motorcycles. (popular) sentences. Use as ... aS oF not as ... aS Scanned with CamScanner6 Pronunciation sentence stress [XZ Listen to these sentences. Underline the stressed word in each sentence. Then listen again and repeat. 1 Riding a bike is as popular as jogging. 2. Trains aren’t as expensive as taxis. 3. Los Angeles airport is as busy as London Heathrow. 4 Acarisn’tas fast as a bicycle in a traffic jam. 7 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out how similar or different you and your partner are. Then write sentences. Carlos is as tall as me, / Hl isn’t a old as me. His family isn’t as big as mine. Vocabulary transporta adjectives 8 Read part of a news article about taxis in London. What does it compare? mn 9 Find the words in bold in the article. Then match them with their definitions (1-5). It's always on time. Ithas existed for a long time. It's nice tosit in. It’s nearby or easy to use, It does what you need it to. arene Grammar comparative modifiers Sometimes these private taxis are a bit cheaper and alittle faster Black-cab drivers are much fester because they know the _ best routes. | They think that private taxis are alot less reliable. “For mor information and practice, see page 160. 10 Look at the grammar box. Complete these rules (1-2) with the comparative modifiers in bold in the grammar box. 1 Totalk abouta small difference, we use a ee ‘comparative adjective. 2. Totalk about a big difference, we use or____beforea ‘comparative adjective. 141 Work in pairs. Look at the information about transportation for visitors to Tokyo. Form sentences using these ideas and comparative modifiers. 1 Ataxiis / expensive than ... ‘Taking a taxi is a lot more expensive than taking a bus. 2 The subway is / frequent than ... Speaking 12 What advice would you give a visitor arriving in your country for the first time? What are the best ways to get around? Tell your partner. Unit3 Transportation @) Scanned with CamScanner3c The end of the road Reading 1 You are going to read an article about a city in India. Write one thing you know about India. Then tell the class. | 2. Read the article. Which paragraph (1-3) | talks about: a why people like rickshaws in Kolkata? 'b_ modem transportation in Kolkata? the end of the old rickshaws in Kolkata? __ 3. Workin pairs. Read the article again and answer these questions. What is the population of Kolkata? What are streets like in Kolkata? Where is it safer for pedestrians to walk? Why? Why do local housewives and tourists like taking rickshaws? 5 Some politicians want a new type of rickshaw. How is it different? 6 How many people pull the old rickshaws in Kolkata? 7 Why don’t these drivers use the new rickshaws? Vocabulary transportation verbs } . Read paragraphs 1 and 2 of the article again. Find verbs or verb phrases that can replace the verbs in bold below. 1 I'd prefer to travel by taxi to the airport. It’s much quicker. a 2. Ican collect the children from school on my ‘way home from work. p— u_ 3. Ineed to go now if I want to get the next train. ot 4. You'd better leave now or you will not make your flight. m 5. Tell the driver to leave you outside the restaurant. d__ you o_ Critical thinking opinions for and against 5 Work in pairs. There are five different groups of people mentioned in the article: shoppers, tourists, politicians, children (and parents), and rickshaw drivers. Which groups: 1 are for hand-pulled rickshaws in Kolkata? 2 are against the hand-pulled rickshaws? Give reasons for your answers. 6 Work in pairs. Do you think the writer gives a balanced view of the opinions on both sides? Why or why not? 7 Look at the photo above of a pedicab. Then work in groups. You want to start a pedicab company in your town or city. Discuss these questions and make notes. 1 Who are your main customers? (commuters, tourists, ete.) 2. Why are pedicabs better than other types of transportation (buses, taxis, etc.)? 3. How much do you charge? Are you cheaper or more expensive than other transportation? 4 What is the name of your business? How can. you advertise your business? (on the internet, ‘on TY, etc.) 8 Asa group, give a presentation about your pedicab company to the class. Listen to other groups and compare your ideas. Which group has the best ideas? Scanned with CamScanner10 8 20 ‘olkata is the capital of West Bengal in India. It has a population of around 15 million people, and rush hour starts early in the morning. All day there are traffic jams with cars, public buses, taxis, motorcycles, and pedicabs,’ and drivers honk their horns? from morning to [Link] can also catch the train or get on the subway, but those are busy, too. For pedestrians, Kolkata can be dangerous—crossing the road is especially difficult. Fortunately, the old parts of the city have smaller streets that are better for pedestrians. Cars can’t drive down them, so they are much quieter and a lot safer. In these old streets, you'll see men pulling rickshaws. Rickshaws are a traditional type of transportation in the city, and local People still ike using them. In the morning, the drivers pick 25 up children and take them to school. And if you miss your bus ‘to work, a hand-pulled rickshaw is much cheaper than taking a taxi. Later on in the day, housewives often prefer to go by rickshaw to the local markets. The drivers drop the women off with their shopping outside their houses; no other type of public 30 transportation can do that! So rickshaws are popular with many local people. When the traffic is very bad, you can go anywhere by rickshaw, Kolkata is one of the last cities in the world with hand- pulled rickshaws, so the drivers also make money from tourists. Visitors to the city often want to get a photograph of themselves 35. sitting on a rickshaw because it’s a famous symbol of Kolkata. However, not everyone thinks the famous rickshaws are a a good idea. Some local politicians don’t like this old type of transportation because they think it's wrong for one human to pull another. Instead, they want more rickshaw drivers to 40. use pedicabs or modern electric rickshaws, which are clean and fast. The problem is that Kolkata has around 2,000 traditional rickshaw drivers. They are often men from villages in the countryside, and they don’t have any other job. The new electric rickshaws are very expensive, so these drivers can't afford 45. them. For these men, it's probably the end of the road for the traditional rickshaw and their way of life. * pedicab (n} /pedikeb/ a type of taxi with no engine. The driver pedals. honk your horn (exp) /hogk jst ho:rn/ make a loud noise in a car to tell people you are there Unit 3 Transportation (33) Scanned with CamScannerm 3d Getting around town Vocabulary taking transportation 1 Look at these pairs of words (1-5). Match the words with their definitions (a or b). 1 stop_b_/ stand _@_ a the place you get a taxi b the place you get a bus 2 fare / price a_ the money you pay fora trip by bus, train, or taxi b_ the amount of money something costs 3. change / receipt __ a the money you get back when you pay more than the price b_ the piece of paper you receive to show you paid for something. 4 gate / platform —_ a_ the place you get ona train b_ the place you get on a plane 5 book — / check in _ a when you buy a ticket in advance when you arrive at an airport and register for a flight Real life going on a trip 2 [RELI Work in pairs. Listen to five conversations. Javier and Shelley are going to the airport, but they take different transportation. Answer the questions. 1 Where does Javier ask the taxi driver to take him? 2. How much is the taxi fare? 3. Where does Shelley want to go? 4 How much is Javier's train ticket? Which platform does the train leave from? 5 What does Shelley show the woman? How many bags does she check in? ere Perce 3. [SEED Look at the expressions for going on a trip. Then isten to the conversations again. Circle the sentences you hear. Ina taxi At the train station I'd like to go to the Axround-trip ticket to the airport, station, please. please. You can stop here. First or second class? How much is that? (One way or round trip? Doyouhave change? Which platforms it? Doyou want areceipt? at the airport ‘Ona bus Can see your passport? Do you stop at the How many bags are you airport? checking in? ‘one-way or round-trip only have this carry-on, ticket? ‘Window or aisle seat? Please stop at the Can I get a seat next to my next one. friend? That's two dollars. 4 Pronunciation intonation [AEE In everyday English, people don’t always use full questions. For example, they can say One way or round trip? instead of Do you want a one-way or round-trip ticket? Listen to these questions. Mark the intonation 7 or ~s a, “i 1 Ori Way or round trip? 4 Bus or train? 2 Window or aisle seat? 5 _ North or south? 3. Credit card or cash? 6 First or second class? 5 Work in pairs. Look at the four situations (a~d) with people going to an airport. Act out conversations using the expressions for going on a trip to help you. Student A: You are the passenger. Student B: Take the other role in the conversations (eg. the taxi driver). Then change roles and repeat. © Atthe train station ota Eee feeders Scanned with CamScanner3e Quick communication Writing notes and messages 1 Work in pairs. How do you normally send notes and ‘messages to friends and colleagues? By text or email? ‘What other ways do you use? 2. Read the notes and messages (1-8). Match them with, the reasons for writing (a-e). thanking, apologizing giving travel information suggesting a time and place to meet giving a message from someone else ennge 3. Writing skill writing in note form @ Workin pairs. People often leave out words in notes and messages. Look again at the notes and messages in Exercise 2. Find places where the writers have left ‘out these kinds of words. articles (eg, 4, the) pronouns (e.g, me) auxiliary verbs (e.., do, are) polite forms (e.g., Would you like to ...? Can we ...2) (Can we) Meet outside (the) airport at 2? (Is that) OK? b How would you rewrite these phone messages as shorter text mnessages? Discuss with a partner. 1. “I'm sorry, but I'm stuck in a trafficjam. Il see you in half an hour.” Sorry. Stuck in trafic. See you in 30 mins. 2. “Thank you for booking the train tickets. I'll pay ‘you when we meet at the station.” 3. “My flightis an hour late. Meet me in the arrivals areaat five o'clock” 4 Work in pairs. Write a short note or message for each situation (1-3). 1. Youhave to work late. Write a text to your friend. Say you will arrive at the restaurant an hour later. 2. You are meeting a friend downtown tonight. Ask your friend to meet you at the taxi stand outside the train station. 3 You cannot travel with your friend on the subway to the airport. Explain that you will take the bus and meet him or her in the check-in area. 5 Think of another situation on your own and write a short message to your partner. Then exchange messages. Can you understand the other person’s message? Write a reply if necessary. 1) Meet outside airport at 2? OK? BO Sorry. Bus late. Will be 15 minutes late. ED Javier called. Call him back. 213-509-6995. ‘Train leaves platform 6. 15 il ‘Thanks for getting tickets. Here's the money. Ls ia Plane at gate 6. Bn ‘Am in taxi. See you outside in 5? oo Afraid | was late, so missed meeting. My apologies. Unit3 Transportation G@i) Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerWi 6 ‘The Grand Trunk Express has traveled Before you watch through India since nineteen twenty-nine / 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. Why thirty-nine. do you think trains are a popular type of transportation 7 India’s railways carry four million / in India? {our billion passengers every year. 8 Indian Railways employs fifty thousand / 2 Key vocabulary ‘one and a half million staff. ‘a Work in pairs. Read the sentences (1-5). The words in bold dre used inthe video. Guess the meaning ofthese words, After You watch 1 Don’t walk on the railway track! A train mightcome. 5 Vocabulary in context 2. Some of the trains in Indi i si india haveimpressivenames 2 TERY Watch the clips from the video. like The Himalayan Queen. 3. live ina rural village about thirty kilometers from ‘Choose the correct meaning of the words and the nearest town. phrases. 4. This toy train is a miniature of the real thing. b Worki i Work . Ask and answer these questions. 5 My company has a large workforce. We employ over ee : five hundred people. 1 Does your country have an enormous public transportation system? Is the b Write the words in bold in Exercise 2a next to their transportation system in your country in definitions (a-e). ‘good condition? Why or why not? i a it do you find a important-sounding, 2, What everyday situations do y b_ the metal line that a train runs on most stressful? Why? 3. Inyour country, which company is one ¢_ the group of people who work for a company at eigen wier eae) dintecunpide make or provide? © aamall copy or model ——__ 6 (CREED You are going to prepare a narration for a new version of the Indian Railways While you watch video. It's called A one-minute journey on the Indian Railways. As you watch, take notes 3 CORES Watch the video about Indian Railways with about what you see in each part. the sound OFF. Number these actions in the order you i see them (1-6). + Rush hour in Mumbai (0:00-0:15) + On the train (0:16-0:38) —— Aman is checking the railway track with a * The workforce (0:39-0:50) hammer. * At the station (0:51-1:00) — Atrain is traveling in the Indian countryside. “1. Hundreds of people are walking ona platform 7 Now writea script for the new video. during rush hour. Describe what you can see in the video and — People are playing a game on the train. add any important facts and figures about —— Aman with a white beard is dancing with Indian Railways. Use some of these words two swords. and phrases. — Amanis serving food on the train. r sit bien) checking the track playing games 4 COREE Watch the video with the sound ON. Circle the cities and rural villages. rush hour correct options. ‘enormous station 1 Every day, approximately {900d condition stressful ‘two hundred thousand / two million passengers pass Passengers platform through the Victoria Terminus in Mumbai. porcforce saa dancing 2 There are over one billion /two billion people in India. 3. The British built the railways in India in the 8 Work with a partner. Your teacher will play eighteenth / nineteenth century. the new video twice. As you watch, take 4. The first steam train in India was in eighteen turns reading your script and narrating the thirty-three / fifty-three. video. 5. There are over thirty-eight thousand / three thousand eight hundred miles of railway track in India. Unit3 Tansperation @ Scanned with CamScannermag UNIT 3 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar ‘1 Complete the article with the correct form of the adjectives in parentheses. ‘Santiago is the ' (large) city in Chile, ‘with a population of five million people. Ithas some of the® (beautiful) buildings in the world, but in the past, it was the * = (Polluted) city in Chile. Its streets weren't as (Clean) as they are today. Nowadays, public transportation around the city is also much (good), and the city center isn’t as (noisy). Riding bikes is also a lot (Popular) these days because there are new bike paths and people can use electric bikes. « 2 EXXMD Work in pairs. Form three sentences ‘comparing your town or city to Santiago. Talk about: + size and population + buildings and streets + trafficand public transportation La ee “use comparative and superlative adjectives Vocabulary 3 Match words from A with words from B to make ‘compound nouns. Then complete the sentences with the compound nouns. A. traffic rush bus speed 8 hour stop jam 1 There'sa on the highway. Nothing’s moving. 2 crane atabout seven in the morning. 3 Wait at the Another bus should arrive in ten minutes. 4 Slow down! The is only 30 kilometers an hour ‘on this road. 4 Which words can follow the words in bold? Cross out the incorrect word or words. go by bus, feet, plane, bicycle go ona taxi,a ship, foot, a ferry catch a train, a plane, a truck, a bus drop off your shopping, your children, the subway 5 Work in pairs. Look at the forms of transportation and answer the questions (1-7). Give reasons for your answers. Bone camel train taxi bus rickshaw airplane 1. Which types of transportation are slow but reliable? Which are comfortable and convenient? Which is the cheapest? ‘Which goes the farthest in a short time? Which lands at a gate? Which stops at a stand? Which are good for sightseeing in a city? Real life 6 Complete the conversation at a train station with the words and phrases in the box. platform ticket one way round trip receipt A: Id likea train * to Boston. : ‘or round trip? A Please. B; That's twenty-one dollars and ity cents. Do you wanta* A: Yes, please. Which * B: Three. isit? 7) ESXM Work in pairs. Write a similar conversation between two people at an airport. Use these phrases. see your passport a carry-on check in window or aisle be Scanned with CamScannerUnit 4 Challenges ee eae FEATURES 11 Westin pes. Lookartheyhoto. Wheres the man? Do-you think this activity looks exciting or dangerous? Would you like to do this? ner Adventurers of | Work in pairs. Listen to a caver talking about his hobby. the year Answer the questions. Profiles of some of the 1. Why do his co-workers think he is “alittle crazy”? world’s top adventurers y e “atte crazy, 2. Why do cavers work in teams? eect How do you get to Rumbling Falls Cave? 48 An impossible . you g bling Falls Ce decision 3 Look at these sentences from Vic's description. Match the eaantteeverniu ‘words in bold (1-3) with their definitions (a-). climbers and a difficult 1 Sometimes you have to take a risk when you go caving, decision 2. Every cave gives you a different challenge. 3. Getting to Rumbiing Falls Cave is probably my biggest 50 Challenge yourself achievements a caver so far Find out about some a dosomething that can be dangerous challenges for the mind _ success in something after a lot of hard work and effort : (eg, passing an examination) 54 A microadventure ¢ something very difficult todo__ Avideo about two friends who spend 24 hours in Croatia 1 Are you a person who takes risks or are you usually very careful? 2. Whatisabig achievement in your life so far? 3. What will be a big challenge for you in the future? 4. Work in groups. Discuss these questions. 45 Scanned with CamScanner= a Adventurers of the year 2. Read the article again. Work in pairs and discuss Reading eading the questions. 11 Read the article. Are these sentences about Pasang, 1 What do you think was Pasang’s biggest Marjan, or both of them? Write 1-6 in the diagram. challenge? ‘She was born in Nepal. Her father helped her. She trained for her job. Pasang Both DVENTURERS oftte YEAR eos Me She started when she was a teenager. 4 2. Why is she famous? 3. What was Marjan’s ambition? What were her team’s achievements? ‘She competed in other countries. le past She changed other people's lives. Se eee D SIMPLE PAST ‘We use the simple past to talk about finished actions, events, or situations in the past. Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita lived with her younger sister jn Lukla ‘Marjan Sadequi grew up in the capital city of Kabul. People didn’t have homes or food. It wasn't easy to practice on the roads of Kabul. For more information and practice, see page 162. fas Aedes e lane) kek ea MAGAZINE VOTE FOR THEIR ADVENTURERS OF THE YEAR. HERE ARE TWO OF THEM. THE MOUNTAINEER ‘Asa child, Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita lived with her younger sister in Lukla, a ‘town in northeastern Nepal. Pasang's parents died when she was young. AS teenager, she trained as a mountaineer. She worked as a mountain guide, and she climbed Mount Everest when she was only 22. In 2015, there was a terrible earthquake in Nepal. Many people didn’t have homes or food, so Pasang helped them. These days, she also works to improve education in Nepal, and is famous for her volunteer work as well as her mountaineering THE CYCLIST Marjan Sadequi was born in Afghanistan and grew up in the capital city of Kabul. Her father was the national cycling coach for the men’s team, and from very early on in life, Marjan’s ambition was to become a cyclist. Her father gave Marjan her first bicycle when she was a teenager, and he soon saw how much Marjan loved cycling, As a result, he formed a new women's cycling team with his daughter and ten other women. It wasn't easy to practice on the roads of Kabul, but in 2013, the team went to New Delhi and they had thei first international competition against other women’s cycling teams. They didn’t win, but they entered more races in Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and South Korea. Because of Marjan and her team’s achievements, more women are now cycling in Afghanistan. Scanned with CamScanner3 Look at the grammar box on page 46. Then underline the verbs in the past tense in Adventurers of the Year. Which are regular? Which are irregular? 4 Work in pairs. Answer these questions. 1 What do we add to regular verbs to form the simple past? What do we add if the verb ends in-e? What ifthe verb ends in -y? 2 What is the base form of the irregular verbs you underlined? grew up—grow up 3. How do we form the negative of most simple ast verbs? How do we form the negative of be? 5 Pronunciation /d/, /t/, or /id/ EEXEE] Listen to the -ed ending of these regular verbs. Is the sound /di, t/, or /id/? Circle your answers. Then listen again and repeat. 1 lived Jd It dy 2 finished Jd/ it fd 3 wanted Jd it! di 4 studied Jd) /t/ dy 5 waited /d/ it! fd! 6 looked dl /t/ dl 7 decided a It/ hd 8 climbed /a/ it /id/ Complete the text about another adventurer. Use the simple past form of the verbs in parentheses. THE PHOTOGRAPHER Reza'___tas (be) born in Tabriz, Iran, in 1952. He® (Gtudy) architecture at a college in Tehran, but he ? (not become) an architect. When he was a teenager, Reza’ (love) photography, and after college, he (get) a job with 2 local newspaper as a photographer. But he 5 (not / want) to take photos of local news, 0 in 1978 he’ (go) abroad and he (take) photos of wars. These days, he works for National Geographic magazine. 7 Read the text about Reza again. Work in pairs. Answer the questions. When was Reza born? Where did he study architecture? What did he love when he was a teenager? What did he do after college? Did he want to take photos of local news? When did he go abroad? akon When was Reza born? Where did he study architecture? Did he want to take photos of focal news? For more information and practice, see page 162. 8 Look at the grammar box above. Circle the correct ‘option (a or b) to complete these rules. 1. With most regular and irregular verbs, we make questions with __. a the simple past form of the verb did + base form of the verb 2. With be, we make questions with : a wasand were did + base form of the verb @ Read these questions and answers from interviews with Pasang and Marjan. Complete the questions. 1 I: Where _did you live asa child? P: In Lukla, in northeastern Nepal. When Mount Everest? P: When I was 22 years old. 3. Who after the earthquake? P: People with no homes and no food. 4k you bom? Mi In Afghanistan. 5k your first international race? M:No, we didn’t. Speaking 10 Write six questions to ask your partner about the past. Use some of these ideas. where / born? where / grow up? when /earn /to ride a bike? when / start / studying English? where / go / vacation / last year? go/ abroad / last year? go / college? what / be / first job? 11 Work in pairs. Take turns interviewing each other, Make notes about your partner's answers. 12 Work with a new partner. Describe your first P: y partner's life from Exercise 11. units chatenges @ Scanned with CamScanner