CARE IN C A P T I VI T Y

Old World Chameleons: Captive Care and Breeding

Rob Coke, DVM and breeding have led to longer life part of Madagascar. They are one of the
Copperfield Animal Clinic spans (Davison, 1997). This increase in most colorful chameleons sporting an
15606 Ridge Park Drive information has resulted in a multitude array of colors from green to blue to
Houston, TX 77095 of captive-bred animals entering the pet red. They thrive in warm, humid cli­
trade. When purchasing a chameleon, a m ates w ith a m o d e ra te seasonal
K e y w o rd s: C ham eleon, husbandry, captive-bred animal is more desirable fluctuation in temperature. In the wild,
Furcifer (Chamaeleo) pardalis, panther th an a w ild -c a u g h t ch a m e leo n . they live in scrub forests (trees and
ch am eleo n , C ham aeleo ja c k so n ii, Generally wild-caught chameleons are shrubs up to three meters tall) and on
Jackson’s chameleon, Chamaeleo calyp- older and most have internal parasites the edge of larger forests. This is one
tratus, veiled chameleon (Jenkins, 1992, Stahl, 1996). Captive- sp ec ie s th a t m ay re p o p u la te areas
b re d a n im a ls are u su a lly w ell w h e re th e ra in fo re s t has been
Introduction acclimated to a caged environment and destroyed or degraded. They are also
Old World Cham eleons have long m ake b e tte r firs t c h a m e le o n s. found near human habitations such as
fascinated humankind with their inde­ Chameleons have specific requirements villag es and p lan tatio n s (Glaw and
pendently rotating eyes, lightning fast and should only be kept by those own­ Vence, 1992, Ferguson, 1995). They
tongues and psychedelic color changes. ers willing to adequately provide their are fiercely territorial, especially during
Over the past few decades, chameleons needs. The following are three of the b re e d in g sea so n (M a rtin , 1992).
have had poor captive lifespans; living m o st co m m o n and h ard y c a p tiv e Panther’s vibrant colors and hardiness
from a m onth to a couple o f years. species. are contributing to th eir increase in
Within the last five years, an increase in P a n th e r C h am eleo n , F u rc ife r popularity.
information regarding proper nutrition, p a r d a lis - T he P an th er, or ju n g le V eiled C h am eleo n , C ham aeleo
environm ental conditions, m edicine chameleon originates from the northern calyptratus S The veiled chameleon is

Figure 1. Panther Chameleon, Furcifer pardalis, photo by Donal M. Boyer, courtesy of the Dallas Zoo.

4 ARAV Volume 8, No. 2,1998

 They are true montane species coming
from mountainous areas that have tem­
perate days and cool nights. Therefore,
they must not get too hot or too dry for
prolonged periods (McKeown, 1995,
Donoghue, 1996, McKeown, 1996).

General Care
Environment - Chameleons tend to
be territorial in the wild and prefer to be
caged individually. Other chameleons in
the same cage or in visual range may
cause extrem e stress and predispose
them to illness. They need to be housed
in large enclosures with trees, branches
or vines. An ideal cage size for an adult
male is 60 cm L x 60 cm W x 120 cm
H (2' x 2' x 4'). Chameleons can toler­
ate sm aller cages, but will thrive in
la rg e r e n c lo su res. A d u lt fem ale
chameleons can live in smaller enclo­
sures such as 45 cm L x 45 cm W x 90
cm H (1.5' x 1.5' x 3') but prefer larger
cages. The ideal cage can be construct­
ed with plastic-coated, wire mesh with
wood or metal framing. The wire mesh
should be one centimeter square (~Vi" x
Vz") or one by two centimeter (~Vi" x
1"). The large mesh provides good ven­
tilation and protection and a visible
barrier (Kalisch, 1996). Uncoated, gal­
vanized wire-welded mesh may be an
Figure 2. Veiled Chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus, photo by Donal M. Boyer, courtesy of the alternative but may oxidize and rust
Dallas Zoo.
over time depending on the climate.
Hardware cloth is not recommended
indigenous to the southwestern coast of them selves, the veiled chameleon is because it is too rough and may cause
the Saudi A rabian pen in su la in the one of the most aggressive species; but injury to the chameleon’s feet (Jenkins,
co u n trie s o f Yem en, P eo p les tow ards hum ans, they can be much 1992, A nnis, 1994, S tah l, 1996).
D em ocratic R epublic of Yemen and calm er (though a few exceptions do Aluminum window screening is gener­
Saudi Arabia (Annis, 1995). This envi­ ap p ly ) (T rem per, 1995, S tahl and ally not recom m ended fo r adult
ro n m en t is a m ix tu re o f ex trem es Blackburn, 1996). chameleons due to the possibility of
ranging from the arid desert to the tem­ Jackson’s Chameleon, Chamaeleo trapping and inadvertently removing
perate mountains. Veiled chameleons ja ckso n ii xantholophus - The m ale claws or toes of the larger chameleons.
are generally a hardy species because Jackson’s chameleon has three ominous Window screening may be used on the
they can tolerate either extreme; how­ looking horns protruding from his fore­ smaller adult species of chameleons or
ever, th ey do b est som ew here in h ead and ro stru m . T his variety o f the juveniles of the larger species of
b etw een th ese ra n g es. T he v eiled chameleon originates in Kenya, Africa. chameleons. Plastic mesh may be used
chameleons tend to inhabit “wadis” or The Jackson’s chameleon was intro­ in conjunction w ith strong support
functional river systems that provide a duced into Hawaii, USA in the 1970s. from wood or metal framing. The cage
source of water during the spring thaw These islands support a thriving popu­ should be placed so that the top of the
run off and rainy seasons. Am ongst lation of these chameleons even today. cage is about six feet off the ground

ARAV 5
Volume 8, No. 2,1998
Figure 3. Male Jackson’s chameleon, Cham aeleo jacksonii, photo by Donal M. Boyer, courtesy of the Dallas Zoo.

th ereb y allow ing the cham eleon to infections (Jenkins, 1992, Stahl, 1996). overall cage design should provide a
perch at, or above, eye level, thus pro­ Since chameleons require a large enclo­ natural flow to allow easy access to
viding a sense of security and reducing sure, an aquarium would have to be fo o d , w a te r and b a sk in g sites (Le
stress (Kalisch, 1996). very large (and heavy). The internal Berre, 1995).
The cage bottom should not contain reflection of the glass may also stress L ighting - Since cham eleons are
any substrate such as gravel, shavings, these solitary reptiles (Davison, 1997). found in several types o f habitats, a
bark, etc. The chameleon may acciden­ To m ake the cham eleon feel safe proper cage set-up should make use of
tally m iss a prey item and in g est a and secure, its natural environm ent different lighting schemes. A fluores­
small amount of the substrate (Davison, should be recreated with several small cent light can be used as overall lighting
1997). The substrate may cause diges­ trees, plants and branches. For the main for the cage. The fluorescent light bulbs
tive problems such as an impaction. For decoration, bonsai style trees or young should be of a full-spectrum, daylight
larger adult enclosures, the bottom may nursery stock include Ficus, Schefflera, type that also emits some degree of UV-
be left bare. For aesthetics, the cage Hibiscus and Bougainvillea. Other dec­ A and UV-B ra d ia tio n such as:
bottom may be covered with indoor/ orative plants may include ivy, other Vita-Lite® (Duro-test Corp, Fairfield,
outdoor carpeting. For neonatal and Pothos spp, orchids, Tillandsia or ferns. N J), R ep tile D ay lig h t® (ESU, Inc,
juvenile cages, the bottom of the enclo­ If the chameleon has a propensity of H arbor City, CA), or Reptisun 5.0®
su re sh o u ld be le ft b arren (A b ate, ingesting the leaf material of the deco­ (Zoo Med Labs, San Luis Obispo, CA)
1995). T h is w ill allow the young rations, remove any Ficus, ivy, Pothos (Gehrmann, 1997). The best source of
chameleons to find their prey easier, or orchids to prevent any potential toxi­ lig h t is the sun. C h am eleo n s need
because crickets tend to hide under any city. Plastic plants or branches may aid access to unfiltered sunlight for at least
substrate left in the cage. in cleaning but may not appeal to aes­ several hours a week (weather permit­
Chameleons of these three species th e tic s. N a tu ral b ra n ch es o r w ood ting). This provides natural levels of
should not be housed in glass or plastic dowels add to the cage design and pro­ UV radiation in the light (as with the
aquariums. The aquariums are not well vide support for the larger chameleons. fluorescent bulbs) to convert dietary
ventilated enough to provide proper air Various sizes of branches mimic their vitamin D3 to its active form to allow
exchange. This lack of air exchange natural environment and prevent foot the p ro p e r a b so rp tio n o f calcium
may lead to respiratory, skin or eye strain or dam age (Annis, 1994). The (Ferguson, eta l, 1996).

6 ARAV Volume 8, No. 2.1998

 tongue. The best water source is routine
misting or spraying two to four times a
day. An automatic watering system on a
timer provides even a better source of
water by eliminating the forgetfulness
of human nature. This system can be
installed through the home’s water sys­
tem and drain to the outside.
Tem perature - Chameleons come
from various environments. Generally,
the tolerated am bient tem peratures
range from 18 - 32°C (65 - 90°F) for
panthers and veiled’s and 16 - 27°C (60
- 80°F) for Jackson’s (never maintain
Jackson’s above 29°C (84°F) for long
periods o f tim e) (A nnis, 1995,
McKeown, 1995, Ferguson, et al, 1996).
Chameleons prefer a temperature drop
of about 5 - 8°C (10 - 15°F) at night.
They also like to bask in the mornings to
raise their body temperature. A spotlight
should be placed above the cage to
allow basking during the day for pan­
th ers and v e ile d ’s. A low w attage
incandescent bulb will provide a 2 - 5°C
(5 - 10°F) rise in temperature at the clos­
est basking site. A low wattage bulb will
help to prevent thermal burns, which
occur if a chameleon gets too close to a
bulb emitting too much heat (Ferguson,
1995). Use a thermometer (see below)
Figure 4. Most species of chameleon posess strongly prehensile tails, photo by Donal M. Boyer, to measure the exact temperature of the
courtesy of the Dallas Zoo.
basking site.
When placing chameleons outside
W ater -S C h am eleo n s m ust have trifugal force or by ultrasonic vaporiza­ for sunning or for permanent outdoor
access to a water source. In the wild, tion) or type of greenhouse m isting enclosures, the temperature needs to be
chameleons will drink morning dew- system (Davison, 1997). monitored to prevent them from getting
drops or raindrops that collect on leaves O ther sources of w ater that have too cold or too hot. A shade clothe or
or surfaces. The best way to provide been used include the following: a drip­ towel can be placed over one end to
water is to mist or spray the cage plants ping water source can be made out of a allow the chameleon to hide from the
two to four times each day. Humidity plastic cup with a pinhole in the bot­ sun when it gets too hot. Alternatively,
can affect a chameleon’s hydration sta­ tom , a m ed ical IV bag filled w ith the cage can be set underneath the
tus. Preferably, humidity levels should spring water set to a slow drip, or one shade of a tree to allow a mix of sun­
be around 60 to 80% for panthers, high­ of the commercial reptile water drip­ light and shading. The best way to
er for Jackson’s chameleons and lower pers (Kalisch, 1995). A nother water m o n ito r the tem p eratu re is an
for veiled chameleons. The higher lev­ source, though not very effective, is a indoor/outdoor therm om eter with a
els of hum idity require increased air dish with an air stone set to bubble the remote sensor probe. The main unit can
circulation via wire m esh cages and water to attract the chameleon’s atten­ be placed on the side of the cage and
fans to help prevent the growth of fun­ tion. With any of the water sources, the the probe can be moved around inside
gus and bacteria. The presence of live best way to make sure the chameleon is the cage to measure all of the various
plants will aid in maintaining this level. getting enough water is through visual temperatures to determine if they are
Hum idity can be enhanced with the signs of drinking or physically watering within the proper range. Many of these
assistance o f a cool-m ist hum idifier the chameleon with a plastic pipette or thermometers also record the 24-hour
(i.e., a humidifier that works by cen­ spraying water into their mouth on the minimum and maximum temperatures

ARAV 7
Volume 8, No. 2,1998
 that aids in determining cage placement burnout” a periodic feeding o f w ild laying mash found in co-ops and feed
and length of outdoor exposure. Never insects such as grasshoppers, butter­ stores.
place a chameleon outside in a glass or flie s, etc. can be v ery b e n e fic ia l These food mixes must be free from
plastic aquarium . The aquarium acts (Davison, 1997). If you elect to feed any additive chemicals or medications.
like a miniature greenhouse and traps your chameleon insects gathered from Additionally a calcium source - such as
heat within the enclosure. Temperature the wild or the backyard, remember not alfalfa pellets, greens, or calcium car­
exceeding 65°C (150°F) can be reached, to collect them in areas where chemical bonate - can be added to the cricket
quickly killing anything inside. an d /o r in secticid es have been used cage to provide higher ingested calcium
Food - Chameleons are insectivores. because the residues m ay be passed levels. The insects can be “dusted” with
They eat a varied diet consisting of along and harm the hungry chameleon. calcium supplem ents such as Miner-
c ric k e ts , m ealw o rm s, w axw orm s, Also, wild insects may be parasitized; A ll™ (S tick y T o n g u e Farm s™ ,
grasshoppers, roaches, flies, bees, bee­ therefore, periodic fecal exams are nec­ Menifee, CA), Rep - Cal® (Rep - Cal
tles, b u tte rflie s , c a te rp illa rs , stic k essary to determine exposure. R esearch L abs, Los G atos, CA), or
insects, arachnids, snails, moths, etc. T he fo o d item s sh o u ld be “ gut- Repti Vite® (Zoo Med Labs, San Luis
T he la rg e r sp ecies o f ch am eleo n s, lo a d e d ” b e fo re b e in g fe d to the Obispo, CA). If the food items are gut-
(Columma parsonii, Furcifer. oustaleti cham eleon. T he m ain nutrition o f a lo a d e d p ro p e rly , a rtific ia l su p p le­
and F. p a rdalis) may also eat sm all food insect is the contents within the mentation should be used only once a
mammals, small birds and other small intestinal tract. Gut-loading is accom­ week for adult males and once to twice
lizards (Kalisch, 1995). In captivity, plished by feeding the feeder insects a a w eek fo r ad u lt fe m a les. S upple­
these meal patterns are difficult to pro­ com bination diet o f sw eet potatoes, mentation with every feeding or every
v id e. C ric k e ts, m ealw o rm s and fre s h g re e n s, c a rro ts , ro lle d o ats, other feeding is recommended for juve­
superworms can provide a chameleon apples, ground legumes, oranges, com niles (Ferguson, 1994, Ferguson, et al,
w ith a m ean s o f b asic n u tritio n meal, etc. Another food source for the 1996, Dongohue, 1996). Supplemen­
(Donoghue, 1996). To prevent “food food insects is grain mixes or chicken tation with vitamin D3 varies with the

Figure 4. Female Jackson’s chameleon, Chamaeleo jacksonii, photo by Donal M. Boyer, courtesy of the Dallas Zoo.

8 ARAV Volume 8, No. 2,1998

 am ount o f sunlight exposure o f the lasts for 10 to 45 minutes and may be range from 21 - 28°C (low 70’s to the
chameleon. Chameleons housed in out­ repeated over the course o f several low 80’s F). This method may lengthen
door enclosures w ith free access to days. If the fem ale is not ready, the the incubation time (9 to 12 months)
UV-B in sunlight probably should not female will turn black, hiss and attempt but may provide a higher hatch rate
be given artificial supplementation with to bite the male. If the defensive or (Tremper, 1995).
v ita m in D3. C h am eleo n s h o used offensive posture occurs, remove the J a c k s o n ’s C ham eleon - The
indoors (even under good UV-B lights) female and try again the next day if she Jackson’s chameleon is ovoviviparous.
probably should be supplemented with still shows receptive colors. The fem ale Jackson w ill internally
a small amount of vitamin D3. Panther and Veiled Chameleons — incubate her embryos in egg sacs and
Chameleons can be hand fed indi­ The panther and veiled chameleons are give birth to live young. After copula­
vidual insects or the insects can be oviparous (egg layers). They reach sex­ tion, the female assumes a darkened
placed in an opaque container that is ual maturity after six or nine months of pattern throughout her gestation period
sh o rt enough for the cham eleon to age (veiled females can reach sexual of four to six months. At three to four
crawl out but tall enough so the food maturity as early as four to six months). m onths into g e sta tio n , th e fem ale
will not jum p out. The container must After copulation, the female will adopt should be moved to a cage that has a
be cleaned daily to prevent contamina­ a darkened pattern throughout gestation smaller screen mesh (preferably 4 mm
tion (Davison, 1997). Adult chameleons (one to two months). Two weeks into C /4 " ) square) to prevent the escape of
should be fed three to four times week­ gestation a large container of moist pot­ the neonates after birth. A month before
ly. Juvenile chameleons need to be fed ting soil or sand should be placed in the giving birth, the female will increase in
daily. female’s cage for a nest box. The soil girth and begin to show a decrease in
Veiled chameleons, especially adult level should be 15 to 20 cm (6" - 8") food intake. Once bom, the babies need
males, may supplement their water and deep and moist enough for the female to be inspected to determine if any of
food intake by eating plant m aterial. to create tunnels that do not collapse, the egg m em branes are suffocating
They may accept a small dish of leafy yet not so moist that the eggs will suf­ them. The babies are then moved to the
greens and vegetables (the same type of focate once laid. A week or two before setups d esc rib ed in n eo n atal care.
food source for a herbivore such as an egg deposition, the female will increase Because the female Jackson chameleon
ad u lt ig u an a) or snack on th e tree in weight, decrease her appetite and internally incubates her eggs, she may
leaves in the cage (Annis, 1995). Other start to dig tunnels in the soil. An alter­ be prone to disease and stress. Careful
species o f cham eleons such as pan­ native method consists of placing the observation throughout her gestation
th er’s and Jackson’s may also ingest gravid fem ale in a bucket (such as a should id e n tify any p ro b lem s
plant or soil material. standard five gallon bucket) with an (McKeown, 1995, Donoghue, 1996).
overhead light source and a few inches Neonatal Care - The small neonates
Reproduction of sand or potting soil. After oviposi- are about a 2 to 4 cm (1 to I / 2 " long).
In g e n e ra l, th e se sp ec ie s o f tion, the female will be noticeably thin They need to be housed in an environ­
cham eleo n s w ill breed in captivity and lethargic. She will need to be rede­ ment that is temperate, 25 - 27°C (77 -
(Davison, 1997). Careful planning and hydrated and fed to replace the nutrient 80°F), with little variation. Jackson’s
observation will determ ine when the drain of the eggs. chameleon neonates need to be kept
female is ready to be bred. When the The soil should be checked carefully 3°C (5°F) cooler. As they grow, the
fem ale ch a m e leo n o v u lates and is for eggs. Eggs should be removed to temperature may fluctuate to the adult
receptive, she will alter her skin color; another container filled with moistened levels. Neonates also require higher
often it is lighter shades of beige, pink vermiculite or Perlite® for incubation. humidity (greater than 60%) which can
or orange in panther females and green The panther eggs can be kept at 25 °C be maintained by periodic misting with
in Jackson’s fem ales. Fem ale veiled (77°F) for the first couple of months water. Babies can be housed individual­
chameleons will often show blue patch­ then raised to 27 - 28°C (80 - 82°F) ly or in small groups of four to ten,
es along th e ir sid es. To stim u la te until hatching which may take six to depending on the cage size. The cage
territorial as well as sexual dominance nine more months (Ferguson, 1995). can be a small aquarium or clear plastic
in th e m ale, th e fe m a le sh o u ld be The veiled eggs can be incubated at a container with a screen top for ventila­
placed into the male’s cage for copula­ constant 27 - 28°C (80 - 82°F) for about tio n and a fu ll-sp ec tru m lig h t as
tion. Once the fem ale visualizes the six months; however, this method may described above. An alternative cage
male, she may hiss and darken but will increase the percentage of early egg can be constructed from alum inum
immediately back down and walk away, m o rtality . A n o th er m ore p o p u lar window screen. This type of cage will
enticing the m ale to follow her. The method of incubation of panther and allow increased ventilation and ease of
male will then pursue, pin down and veiled eggs’ consists of placing them in placement outside in natural sunlight.
copulate with the female. Copulation a dark closet where the temperatures Potted plants such as Pothos, ivy or

ARAV 9
Volume 8, No. 2,1998
 Ficus spp. and small sticks or dowels with a constant source of food. They Ferguson GW, Jones JR, Gehrmann WH,
for clim bing and basking should be can be fed small 3 to 5 mm (i/s " to i/4 ") Hammack SH, Talent LG, Hudson RD,
provided (Abate, 1995). The cage must crickets, vestigial (w ingless) D roso­ Dierenfeld ES, Fitzpatrick MP, Frye FL,
phila fruit flies, or 5 mm (i/4 11) young Holick MF, Chen TC, Lu Z, Gross TS,
be cleaned frequently, i.e. once to twice
Vogel JJ. 1996. Indoor husbandry of the
daily, to prevent environmental contam­ mealworms. Other food items such as
P anther cham eleon, Chamaeleo
ination from feces or dead food items. im m ature w axw orm s, tropical roach [Furcifer] pardalis: Effects of dietary vit­
The cage should have no substrate on nymphs, vestigial house flies, etc. may amins A and D and ultraviolet irradiation
the bottom to prevent the small food also be fed. As the neonates increase in on pathology and life-history traits. Zoo
items from hiding and facilitate easy size, the size of the food also increases. Bio, 15:279-299.
cleaning. At two to three m onths of The length of the food item should be Gehrmann WH. 1997. Reptile lighting: A
current perspective. The Viv, 8(2);44-45,
age, they should be moved into separate s m a lle r th an the w id th o f the
62.
cages to prevent stress. chameleon’s head. Food items can be Glaw F, Miguel V. 1992. A field guide to
The difficulty w ith neonates lies placed in a small container to contain the am phibians and reptiles of
with feeding. For the first couple of them until the neonates can find and eat M adagascar. 1st ed. Leverkusen,
months, the neonates must be supplied them. If food items are left in the cage, Germany, Moos-Druck.
a small source of food for the crickets Jenkins JR. 1992. Husbandry and dis­
should be provided in the n eo n ate’s eases of Old World Chameleons. NAVC
Pro, 6:687-691.
cage to deter the hungry crickets from
K alisch K. 1995. P art V. Parson’s
dining on the baby chameleon. C ham eleon, Chamaeleo parsonii. In
deVosjoli and Ferguson (eds): Care and
Breeding of Panther, Jackson’s, Veiled
and Parson’s Chameleons. Adv Viv Sys,
References Santee, CA, 109-126.
Abate A. 1995. Basic, ideas for the main­ K alisch K. 1996. Understanding and
tenance of chameleons, caging, part II - applying successful caging for
babies, live bearing and small species. chameleons. The Viv 8(l):56-58.
Chameleon Inf Ntwk, San Diego, CA, Le Berre F. 1995. The new chameleon
17:8-14. handbook. Barrons Press, Hauppaulage,
Annis IIJM . 1994. Chameleon claw dam­ NY.
age. Chameleon Inf Ntwk, San Diego, Martin J. 1992. Masters of disguise: a
CA, 11:9-10. natural history of chameleons. Facts on
A nnis II JM. 1995. P art III. Veiled File, New York, NY, 176.
Chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus. In McKeown S. 1995. Part II. Jackson’s
de Vosjoli P and Ferguson G (eds): Care Chameleon, Chamaeleo jacksonii. In de
and B reeding of Panther, Jack so n ’s, Vosjoli P and Ferguson GW (eds): Care
Veiled and Parson’s Chameleons. Adv and B reeding o f Panther, Jackson’s,
Viv Sys, Santee, CA, 77-99. Veiled and Parson’s Chameleons. Adv
Davison LJ. 1997. Chameleons: Their Viv Sys, Santee, CA , 33-60.
care and breeding. H ancock House, McKeown S. 1996. A field guide to rep­
Blaine, WA, 112. tiles and amphibians in the Hawaiian
D onoghue S. 1996. Jac k so n ’s Islands. Diamond Head Pub, Los Osos,
C ham eleons, Cham aeleo ja c k so n ii, CA.
indoor care, feeding and breeding. The Stahl SJ. 1996. Veterinary Management
Viv, 8(1):6-13. of Old World Chameleons. In Strimple
Ferguson GW. 1994. Old world PD (ed): Advances in Herpetoculture.
chameleons in captivity: growth, maturity IHS. Crown Craft Printing, Des Moines,
and reproduction of Malagasy panther IA, 151-160.
cham eleons, Chamaeleo pardalis. In Stahl SJ, Blackburn C. 1996. Captive
Captive Management and Conservation H usbandry and R eproduction of the
of A m phibians and R eptiles. SSAR, Veiled Chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptra­
C ontributions to H erp, Ithaca, NY, tus. The Viv, 8(1):28-31, 44-45.
11:323-331. Tremper RL. 1995. Part IV. Herpetocul­
Ferguson GW. 1995. Part I. Panther ture of the Veiled Chameleon, Chamaeleo
Chameleon, Chamaeleo pardalis. In de calyptratus. In deVosjoli P and Ferguson
Vosjoli P and Ferguson G (eds): Care and GW (eds): Care and Breeding of Panther,
The Bulletin of the ARAV is searching n ear a n d Breeding of Panther, Jackson’s Veiled and Jac k so n ’s, Veiled and Parson’s
far for more articles. Support the publication P arso n ’s cham eleons. Adv Viv Sys, Chameleons. Adv Viv Sys, Santee, CA ,
that supports your field! Santee, CA, 5-32. 101-108.

Volume 8, No. 2.1998