Ethan is colorblind. His wife, Edna, is homozygous for the normal color vision allele.

If they have eight children, how many

Mr. and Mrs. Jones have six children. Three of them have attached earlobes (recessive) like their father, and the other
three have free earlobes like their mother. What are the genotypes of Mr. and Mrs. Jones and of their numerous offspring?

A woman has a rare abnormality of the eyelids called ptosis, which prevents her from opening her eyes completely. This
condition is caused by a dominant allele, P. The woman’s father had ptosis, but her mother had normal eyelids. Her
father’s mother had normal eyelids.
(a) What are the genotypes of the woman, her father, and her mother?
(b) What proportion of the woman’s children will have ptosis if she marries a man with normal eyelids?

In rabbits, the dominant allele B causes black fur and the recessive allele b causes brown fur; for an independently
assorting gene, the dominant allele R causes long fur and the recessive allele r (for rex) causes short fur. A homozygous
rabbit with long, black fur is crossed with a rabbit with short, brown fur, and the offspring are intercrossed.
In the F2, what proportion of the rabbits with long, black fur will be homozygous for both genes?

In shorthorn cattle, the genotype RR causes a red coat, the genotype rr causes a white coat, and the genotype Rr causes
a roan coat. A breeder has red, white, and roan cows and bulls. What phenotypes might be expected from the following
matings and in what proportions?
(a) Red × red
(b) Red × roan
(c) Red × white
(d) Roan × roan

Albinism in humans is caused by a recessive allele a. From marriages between people known to be carriers (Aa) and
people with albinism (aa), what proportion of the children would be expected to have albinism? Among three children, what
is the chance of one without albinism and two with albinism?

If both husband and wife are known to be carriers of the allele for albinism, what is the chance of the following
combinations in a family of four children: (a) all four unaffected; (b) three unaffected and one affected; (c) two unaffected
and two affected; (d) one unaffected and three affected?

A couple has four children. Neither the father nor the mother is bald; one of the two sons is bald, but neither of the
daughters is bald. (a) If one of the daughters marries a nonbald man and they have a son, what is the chance that the son
will become bald as an adult? (b) If the couple has a daughter, what is the chance that she will become bald as an adult?
In grasshoppers, rosy body color is caused by a recessive mutation; the wild-type body color is green. If the gene for body
color is on the X chromosome, what kind of progeny would be obtained from a mating between a homozygous rosy female
and a hemizygous wild-type male? (In grasshoppers, females are XX and males are XO.)

A man with X-linked color blindness marries a woman with no history of color blindness in her family. The daughter of this
couple marries a normal man, and their daughter also marries a normal man. What is the chance that this last couple will
have a child with color blindness? If this couple has already had a child with color blindness, what is the chance that their
next child will be color blind?

A Drosophila female heterozygous for the recessive X-linked mutation w (for white eyes) and its wild-type allele W is
mated to a wild-type male with red eyes. Among the sons, half have white eyes and half have red eyes. Among the
daughters, nearly all have red eyes; however, a few have white eyes. Explain the origin of these white-eyed daughters.

A phenotypically wild-type female fruit fly that was heterozygous for genes controlling body color and wing length was
crossed to a homozygous mutant male with black body (allele b) and vestigial wings (allele vg). The cross produced the
following progeny: gray body, normal wings 126; gray body, vestigial wings 24; black body, normal wings 26; black body,
vestigial wings 124. Do these data indicate linkage between the genes for body color and wing length? What is the
frequency of recombination? Diagram the cross, showing the arrangement of the genetic markers on the chromosomes
In peas, seeds can be round (R) or wrinkled (r) and either yellow (Y) or green (y). Stem length may result in a tall (T) or
dwarf (t) plant.
a. In the cross (parent A) TTYyRr x TtYyRr (Parent B), how many different types of gametes can be produced by each
parent and how
many different phenotypes are possible from the cross?
a. What proportion of the offspring from the cross in part a would be tall with yellow, wrinkled seeds?
c. In the cross TtYYRr x ttYYrr what proportion of the offspring would be expected to be tall plants with round, yellow
seeds?

For the purpose of this problem assume that in humans the gene for brown eyes is dominant to that for blue eyes.
a. A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman, and they have eight brown-eyed children.
What are the genotypes of all the individuals in the family?
b. What is the probability that the first child produced in parents who are both heterozygous for brown eyes will be blue-
eyed?
c. If the first child is a brown-eyed girl (same parents as in b), what is the probability that the second child will be a blue-
eyed boy?

The inheritance of color blindness in humans is due to a recessive gene located on the X chromosome (X linked).
X+ (normal) > Xc (color blind)
a. If a color-blind boy is born to parents both of whom have normal vision, what are the genotypes of the three individuals?
b. What is the probability that the second child born to that couple will be a color-blind daughter?
 A heterozygous yellow is crossed with a heterozygous yellow. What is the expected phenotype ratio of the offspring?
  Let’s say in humans, six fingers (F) is the dominant trait and five fingers (f) is the recessive trait. Both parents are
heterozygous and have six fingers. What is the phenotype of the father and the mother? What is the genotype of each
parent? What is the probability of them having a child with six fingers? A child with five fingers?

If a woman with hitchhiker’s thumbs (hh) and straight little fingers (cc) has a baby with a man who has crooked little fingers
(Cc) and normal thumbs (Hh), what are the chances that their baby would have both crooked little fingers and hitchhiker’s
thumbs?