P-ISSN: 1693-1246 JurnalPendidikanFisika Indonesia xx (x) (2018) x-x

E-ISSN: 2355-3812
DOI: xx.xxxxx/jpfi.xxxxx.xxxx
09 2018
http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpfi

SOUND RESONANCE

L. F. Rohmah1*, T. A. Agustin2, M. A. V. Ar-ravi3

1
Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science
Semarang State University, Indonesia
[email protected]

2
Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science
Semarang State University, Indonesia
[email protected]

3
Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science
Semarang State University, Indonesia
[email protected]

Received: 13 09 2018. Accepted: ddmmyyyy. Published: mmyyyy

Abstract

The learning process in physics requires experiments to good understanding of the concept. The experimental method for studying
and observing directly the phenomena in physics. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the sound velocity in air medium.
The tools used in this experiments are resonance tube equipped with a piston, analog audio frequency generator, speaker, and
connecting cable. This experiments done by varying the frequency of Audio Frequency Generator (AFG) to get length of the air
column. Furthermore, it is applied to the formula and the velocity of sound in the air will be known. From the result, the velocity of
sound in the air medium = 245.09 m/s is not suitable with literature that caused by several reasons.

© 2018JurusanFisika FMIPA UNNES Semarang

Keywords:resonance, sound, frequency, velocity

INTRODUCTION the resulting motion is greatest when the

frequency of the applied force is equal to one of
In general, whenever a body capable of the natural frequencies of the system.The
oscillating is acted on by a periodic series of fundamental frequency and overtunes of a
impulses having a frequecy equal to one of the stretched string are its natural frequencies of
natural frequencies of oscillation of the body, the oscillation: if the string is plucked arbitrarily, one or
body is set into vibration with a relatively large more of these frequencies will be simultaneously
amplitude. This phenomenon is called resonance, excited. Eventually internal friction in the string will
and the body is said to resonate with the applied cause the various vibrations to die out. However,
impulses. we can cause vibrations to persist by applying a
We have seen that a system such as a periodic force to the string whose frequency is
taut string is capable of oscillating in one or exactly the same as that one of its natural
more normal modes of oscillation. If a periodic frequencies. When this is done, the standing
force is applied to such a system, the amplitude of waves continue so long as the peridoic force
 JurnalPendidikanFisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2015) 1-7

supplies energy to the string. If the energy

provided exceeds that dissipated by internal METHOD
friction, the amplitude of the standing wave will To determine the value of the sound velocity
increase untulthe string may rupture. (A column of in the air, an experiment was conducted between
soldiers can destroy a flimsy bridge by marching the frequency and length of the air,
across it in step with one of its natural frequencies, The tools used in this experiments are
although the bridge may be capable of safely resonance tube equipped with a piston, analog
holding the static load of the soldiers.) this audio frequency generator, speaker, and
phenomenon is called resonance. connecting cable.
Resonance can be very useful, too, and The steps to determine the sound velocity
we will meet important examples later, such as in in the air medium with resonance tube is measure
musical instruments and tuning a radio. We will the room temperature, make sure the piston
also see that vibrating objects often have not one, position is on the tube surface. Then, turn on the
but many resonant frequencies. Audio Frequency Generator (AFG) above the
Inside the resonance tube there is a silent mouth of resonance tube with a frequency of 300
longitudinal wave (stationary), with the target being Hz ( set amplitude to a minimum) while pull the
the surface of the water as a knot wave and for the piston slowly until the loud buzz for the first time.
mouth of the tube as a stomach wave. In fact, the At this time it was said to be the first resonance.
location of the stomach is slightly above the tube. Measure the distance between the mouth of the
The distance is approximately 0.3 times tube tube to the piston (the length of the air column or
diameter. Resonance occur when the frequency of l1). Continue to pull the piston slowly until there is a
the basic tone or top tone from the air column is second loud buzz. At this time the second
equal with the frequency of the tuning fork. resonance is said. Measure the distance between
If resonance occurs in the basic tone, then the mouth of the tube to the piston (the length of
there is one node and one stomach at that time the air column or l2). Last, repeat activities above
means to apply : by changing the frequency value at AFG.
1
l1 + k =  ………………….(1.1)
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
If resonance occurs in the first top tone,
there will be two nodes and two stomachs, it will Resonance events are vibrating events of
apply : an object with a certain frequency value due to
3 being influenced by another object which vibrates
l2+k= ………………….(1.2)
4 with a certain frequency where the values of these
two frequencies are the same. We can observe
Next to the n-th basic tone, there are n this event using the differences of length in the air
vertices and also n stomach, will give the length of column. The waves formed in the air column are
the air column ln with (n = 1, 2, 3, ...) will fulfill the standing sound waves. The resonance events
equation : occur when the source frequency is the same as
(2 n−1) (2 n−1) the frequency of the sound wave in the air column
ln + k = or ln = −k .... which is characterized by the loudest sound
4 4
(1.3) (maximum amplitude).
If the velocity of the sound in the air is  In the resonance tube experiment, the first
while the frequency of the tuning fork and the thing to do is arrange the device and then adjust
relationship length will apply : the frequency of the wafe at AFG with the lowest
 = ....................................(1.4) frequency first. Then, we try to pull the piston

2
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slowly with hearing the sound of first resonance Based on the result of the data analyze
and second resonance. Finally, we will getthe that has been graphed that the smaller of
differences of length in the air column. The data of frequency, the air column that is formed is longer.
the experiment can be seen in the following table. And the greater of frequency, the air column is
shorter. By entering the result into formula :
Table 1. Data of sound resonance experiment  = 
 = 2 (l2-l1) 
l1 l2 l1 l2 l1 l2
1 1
 (I) (I) (II) (II) (III) (III) (l2-l1) =. , y = mx
23.
2 ❑
 5 78 23.2 79.4 24 79.6 1
m = tan  =  = 2 tan 
16. 66. 2
350 8 5 16 59.5 16.2 63,2 The value of tan  is obtained from drawing 3 lines
14. 57. that can represent all points of the data. Then we
400 8 2 15 58 15.5 57.8 get the sound velocity in the air is 245.09 m/s. In
14, 58. fact, the result is not match with the literature.
450 8 5 18 59.2 15.2 55.4 In the literature, the sound velocity in the
15. 49. air is 340 m/s. The difference in result with the
500 2 2 15.6 49.2 15 49 literature is likely due to errors when listening to
10. 43. the sound of the resonance tube. So, the length of
550 4 2 11.4 44.2 12.6 44.7 the air column formed is also different. In addition,
it is also caused by not pulling the piston slowly,
In the first experiment, we use frequency noise in the room that causes less hearing in the
start from 300 Hz and the difference in the length resonance tube.
of the air column is 55.5 cm, the frequency of 350
Hz, has difference air column length 56.8 cm. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Then, 400 Hz is 42.5 cm. 450 Hz frequency, has
the air column 41.7 cm, 500 Hz frequency, has the
The author would like to acknowledge the
air column 33.8 cm, and 550 Hz frequncy has the
lecturer Dr. Ellianawati, S,Pd., M.Si. for giving new
air column 32.6 cm. Then, we analyzed the data to
experience for do the experiment in our study and
determine the velocity of sound in the air.
help to finished the report. Thanks are also due to
Dea Ratna P.P and Yuvita Kiki W. as laboratory
60
assistant that was helped me to do this experiment
50
goodly. Last, I would like to thanks Trizha Ayu
40
Agustin and M. An’im V.A. who has collaborated in
l2-l1 (cm)

30
20 conducting this practicum.
10
0 CONCLUSION
1.8 x 2 x 2.2 x 2.5 x 2.8 x 3.3 x
10-3 10- 3 10- 3 10- 3 10- 3 10- 3
Resonance events are vibrating events of an
1/ (s)
object with a certain frequency value dueto being
influenced by another object which vibrates with a
Figure 1. graphic of frequency and the differences
certain frequqency where the values of these two
of length on air column.
frequencies are the same.To determine the sound
velocity, we can use the resonance events in the

3
 JurnalPendidikanFisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2015) 1-7

resonance tube with calculate relationship

between frequency and the difference length of the
air column. From the experiment,the smaller of
frequency, the air column that is formed is longer.
And the greater of frequency, the air column is
shorter. As a result, thevelocity of sound in the air
medium = 245.09 m/s that was not suitable with
literature caused by several reasons.

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Serway, Raymond A. & Jewett, John W. (2004). Physics

for Scientist and Engineers. Pomona :
Thomson Brooks.

Tim Dosen Fisika Dasar 1. (2018). Buku Panduan

Praktikum Fisika Dasar I.Semarang:
Semarang States University.

Zemansky, Sears. (1960). College Physics. United

States of America : Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company.