Five Sensory Organs CHEMORECEPTORS
respond--chemicals
SENSATION
senses PHOTORECEPTORS
means by which--brain receives information about-- respond--light
environment and the body.
Sensation THERMORECEPTORS
process initiating by stimulating sensory receptors, and respond--temperature changes
perception--conscious awareness of those stimuli.
brain NOCIRECEPTORS
constantly receives a wide variety of stimuli from both respond--stimuli that result in the sensation of pain
inside and outside the body
SPECIAL SENSES
SENSORY RECEPTORS Smell
sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of Taste
responding--stimuli by developing action potentials. Sight
Several types of receptors--associated with both general Hearing
and the special senses, and each responds--different type of Balance
stimulus.
VISION
includes--eyes, accessory structures, and sensory neurons.
They--housed within bony cavities called orbits.
obtain much of our information about--world through the visual
system.
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Eyebrows
Dermis protect--eyes by preventing
Epidermis perspiration from running
Free nerve ending down--forehead and into the
Ruffini corpuscles eyes, causing irritation.
Pacinian corpuscles help shade--eyes from direct
Merkel disk sunlight.
Hair follicle
Eyelids
SENSES eyelids with their associate
Receptors distributed over--large part--body lashes, protect--eyes from
GENERAL SENSES SPECIAL SENSES Foreign objects.
Located--skin, muscles, and joints object suddenly approaches
SOMATIC --eye, the eyelids protect--eye
Touch by closing and then opening
Pressure quite rapidly (blink reflex).
Proprioception
Temperature Conjunctiva
Pain thin
Located--internal organs transparent mucous membrane
VISCERAL covering--inner surface of the
Temperature eyelids and anterior surface
Pain of the eye.
secretions of conjunctiva help
Receptors localized within specific organs lubricate--surface of the eye.
SPECIAL SENSES
Smell Lacrimal Apparatus
Taste consistsof a lacrimal gland
Sight situated--superior lateral
Hearing corner of the orbit and a
Balance nasolacrimal duct and associated
structures in the inferior medial
SENSORY RECEPTORS corner of the orbit.
MECHANORECEPTORS lacrimal produces a fluid we call
respond--mechanical stimuli such as the bending or stretching of tears.
receptors.
Extrinsic Eye Muscles OLFACTION
Each eyeball has six extrinsic What makes--smell is something--too small to see with your
muscles attached to its surface. eyeball alone.
skeletal muscles and are too small--seen with a microscope!
responsible--movement of Millions of them--floating around waiting to be sniffed by your
each eyeball. nose!
What you smell tiny things called order particles.
You smell odors through your nose which--almost like a huge
ANATOMY OF THE EYE cave built to smell, moisten, and filter--air you breathe. As you
eyeball--hollow, fluid-fluid sphere. breathe in, air enters through your nostrils--contain tiny little
wall of the eyeball--composed of three tissue layers, or hairs--filter all kinds of things trying to enter your nose, even
tunics. BUGS!
little hairs--called cilia and you can pretend--they sweep all the
dirt out of the nasal cavity, big place--air passes through on it’s
FIBROUS TUNIC way--lungs.
After it passes through nasal cavity, air goes through--think
layer of mucous--olfactory bulb.
smells--then recognized because each smell molecule fits into a
nerve cell like lock and key.
cells then send signals along--olfactory nerve to the brain.
hit the brain, they are either read as those sweet smelling
flowers or stinky skunk.
sclera
Soon your smell will connect with your memory.
firm, white, outer connective tissue layer of the posterior
Dogs have 1 million small cells per nostril and their small cells
five-sixths of the fibrous tunic.
are 100 times larger than humans!
helps maintain--shape of the eye, protects the internal
People who cannot smells have a condition called Anosmia
structure.
nose is at its best, you can tell--difference between 4,000-
small portion of the sclera can be seen as the “white of the
10,000 smells!
eye”
get older, your sense of smell gets worse.
cornea Children--more likely to have better sense of smell than their
transparent anterior of the eye--permits light to enter. parents or grandparents
As part of the focusing system--fibrous tunic, cornea also
bends, or refracts, the entering light. HEARING
ears serve as two very important purposes.
VASCULAR TUNIC ears help you--hear sounds as well as to help your balance
Some areas--more sensitive than others because they have more
nerve endings.
Have you ever bitten your tongue and wondered why it hurt SO
bad? This happens because the sides of the tongue--very
sensitive to pain, but not so sensitive--hot or cold.
That is why it is so easy to burn your mouth! Try and stay away
from HOT foods!
Your fingertips--extremely sensitive also.
CHOROID Individuals--blind read using Braille by feeling the patterns of
very thin structure consists of a vascular network and many raised dots on their paper.
melanin-containing pigment cells, causing it--appear black object makes a noise, it sends vibrations into the air.
black color absorbs light, so that--not reflected inside the funneled into--ear canal.
eye. vibrations move inward, they hit your eardrum and cause to
vibrate as well.
CILIARY BODY Once all of the vibrations go through--nerve endings they hit the
contains smooth muscles called ciliary muscles, which cilia.
attach--perimeter of the lens by suspensory ligaments. cilia change--vibrations into messages that are sent--brain
lens--flexible, transparent disc through--auditory nerve.
auditory nerve carries--messages from 25,000 receptors in your
IRIS ear--brain.
colored part of the ey brain then makes sense--messages and tells you what sounds
iris--contractile structure consisting mainly of a smooth you--hearing.
muscle surrounding--opening called pupil.
Fun Facts
NERVOUS TUNIC Babies can get earaches because of milk backing up,--causes
bacteria--grow and may cause hearing problems later in life.
When you go up to high elevations, change in pressure causes
your ears--pop.
Children have more sensitive ears than adults. They can
recognize a wider variety of noises.
RETINA Dolphins have--best sense of hearing among animals. They are
covers--posterior of the eye and is composed of two layers: able to hear 14 times better than humans.
an outer pigmented retina and an inner sensory retina Animals hear more sounds than humans.
earache--caused by too much fluid putting pressure on your
eardrums.
TASTE
Have you ever wondered why sometimes--taste something
and it can either taste really good or really bad?
Your tongue and the roof of your mouth--covered with
thousands of tiny taste buds.
eat something, the saliva in your mouth helps break the
food down.
provides your taste buds with a message to your brain
telling you what flavors you--tasting.
Taste buds--largest part in helping--understand which foods
you enjoy.
Your taste buds can recognize four basic kinds of tastes:
sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
FUN FACTS
have almost 10,000 taste buds--our mouths.
Insects have--most highly developed sense of taste.
Fish can taste with their fins and tail as well as their mouth.
girls have more taste buds than boys.
Taste--weakest of the five senses.
TOUCH
nerve endings can help you determine if something is hot or
cold or even if something--hurting you.
body has about twenty different types of nerve endings--send
the messages--brain.
Pain receptors--most important for your safety because they can
protect you by warning your brain that your body--hurt!
FUN FACTS
Have more pain nerve endings than any other type.
least sensitive part of your body--middle of your back.
most sensitive areas of your body--your hands, lips, face, neck,
tongue, fingertips and feet.
Shivering--way your body has of trying to get warmer.
There are about 100 touch receptors in each of your fingertips.
