STUDENT’S TIME MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL ENGAGEMENT

DURING A GLOBAL PANDEMIC: A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

A Quantitative Research

Presented to

The Faculty and Staff

Of

Ozamiz City National High School

Senior High School

Ozamiz City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the subject

Practical Research 2

Alice Sandra S. Calapini

Shaine Pauline O. Gimeno
Keith M. Ostia
Dawn Joy A. Alagom
Villa Jane O. Dahunan
Chelcie E. Valdehuesa
Researchers

Alfred G. Barrientos
Research Adviser

February 2021
 Abstract

This study is all about the association between time management and academic

performances of students. This study also carried out to determine the factors in time

management that affect the academic performances of the STEM 12 students as well

as to compare the time management behavior of students. Respondents are students

from Ozamiz City National High School. This study considered population of all

graduating STEM 12 students. Descriptive research design is used in conducting this

research study. The research instrument used is questionnaire which is distributed

through social media platforms for safety measures. The respondents were the Grade

12 senior high school Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

students of Ozamiz City National High School.

 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our very great appreciation to Sir. Alfred G.

Barrientos for his valuable and constructive suggestions during the planning and

development of this research work. His willingness to give his time so generously has

been very much appreciated.

We would like to thank our parents for the everlasting support as we do this

research. And last but not the least, our loving God, we couldn’t make it without his

guidance and protection.

 Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

People are struggling with time management due to the said pandemic, but
despite the adversity, time management can already be tricky under new normal
circumstances but currently operating under entirely new parameters. While working
remotely comes naturally to your group this change in our daily lives has proven to
bring new set of challenges for many of us. The COVId-19 pandemic has shifted the
how people manage each personal and professional lives. Being able to accommodate to
these changes will ensure your group can maintain effective time management skills.

The new normal changed people’s priorities and life plans. This pandemic made
new adjustments such as new protocols, working schedules, online classes and etc. it is
important for everyone to meet deadliness and gals, so quality is not compromised.
People especially students need to seek for resources, and tools that they may need
during these unprecedented times that can minimize problems that will occur during this
pandemic.

The lockdown has compelled many educational institutions to cancel their

classes, examinations, internships and to choose the online or modular modes. Initially,
the educators and the students were quite confused and didn’t understand how to cope
up with the situation of this sudden crisis that compelled closure of the educational
activities. But later on, all realized that the lockdown has taught so many lessons to
manage with the emergence of such pandemics. Thus, COVID-19 has created many
challenges and opportunities for the educational institutes to strengthen their
technological knowledge and infrastructure (Pravat, 2020a). The lockdown has given
them a ray of hope for teachers and students to continue their educational activities
through online. The teachers assigned work to students via internet, delivered lecture
through live video conferencing using different apps like Zoom, Google Meet,
Facebook, and Youtube.
 Time is priceless resource and continues to pass by without coming back. The
secret to achieve success in life is effectively managing this resource that everyone’s
possesses equally and paying sufficient emphasis to plan. The high performance
required by competitive conditions forces organizations and directors to use time
effectively and stipulates the search to control time. The rival environment nowadays
encourages people to plan and manage time effectively as early as to start from their
elementary education. The term “time management” became familiar in the 1950’s and
1960’s as referring to a tool to help managers make better use of available time. Time
management as self-management with an explicit focus on time in deciding what to do,
on how much time to allocate to activities, on how activities can be done more
efficiently and on when the time is right for particular activities. Time management as
“behaviors” that aim to achieve an effective use of time while performing certain goal-
directed activities.

Students often complaint they do not have enough time to complete all the tasks
assigned to them. In trying to read all the books and chapters assigned, meet paper
deadlines, and etc. students may become overwhelmed with feelings that there is not
enough time to complete all their work adequately. Aside from that environment’s
flexibility and freedom can derail students who have not mastered time management
skills. Time management has a significant impact on the lives of the students especially
for those who are studying in the higher education institutions where there is no
existence of parent and teacher supervision. There are other quite considerable studies
were carried out to use mathematical and statistical technique.

Therefore, the study is conducted mainly to know the association between time
management and academic performances of students. This study also carried out to
determine the factors in time management that affect the academic performances of the
STEM 12 students as well as to compare the time management behavior of students.
Respondents are students from Ozamiz City National High School. This study
considered population of all graduating STEM 12 students.
Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to know the association between time management to
the academic performances of Grade 12 STEM students of Ozamiz City National High
School during a global pandemic.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the number of Grade 12 STEM students who can manage their time well in
their educational activities during a global pandemic?

2. What are the various factors that affect the time management of Grade 12 STEM
students?

4. Is there a significant relationship between student’s time management and academic

performances of Grade 12 STEM students during a global pandemic?

Research Hypothesis

Null hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between student’s time management

and academic performances of Grade 12 STEM students of Ozamiz City National High
School during a global pandemic.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research is designed to provide information about time management and its
association to the academic performances of the Garde 12 STEM students of OCNHS
during a global pandemic. This study is limited to the Grade 12 STEM students of
Ozamiz City National High School. Each of the respondents are surveyed through online
platform such as Facebook Messenger. This study is to be conducted for two months.

Significance of the Study

The results of this research study will be of great benefit to the following:

Students. This study will be a great help to students for they will know the proper
utilization of their time.
Teachers. This study will help teachers to know the factors affecting the academic
performances of the students.

Parents. This study will help parents to accommodate the needs of their children to
affectively utilize their time.

Citizen. This study will help other people to gain information how to deal with an
effective utilization of time.

Definition of Terms

Time. The ongoing sequence of events taking place.

Management. The process of dealing with or controlling things.

Factor. A circumstances that contributes to a result or outcome.

Academic Performances. The measurement of student achievement across various

academic subjects.

Global Pandemic. An epidemic occurring worldwide.

Research Framework

Students

Time Management Academic Performances

Global Pandemic
 In this conceptual framework, there is an assumed moderating variable and two
mediating variables that are taken into consideration for they may influence the
relationship between the independent and dependent variable.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Time Management

Time management plays a vital role in improving student’s academic performance

and achievements. Each and every student should have time management ability which
includes setting goals & priorities, using time management mechanism and being
organized in using time. Time management is only possible through self-motivation;
performance, ability and motivation (Brigitte, Claessens, Eerde, & Rutte, 2005). These
are the few activities performed by today’s students, which act as a barrier between them
and their academic performance. Due to no management of time they gap behind. This
study will help to analyze how well or not students manage their time on academic
performance. It will also help to make some decision about changes we would like to
make to use our time more effectively. There is no one right way to manage our time;
however, it is important to get to know our self, so we can make good decisions about
how to use our time. Likewise, in the process of providing educational services this issue
has been a subject of interest discussed and emphasized in several platforms and an
attempt has been initiated to assess and analyze time and the time management attitudes
and behaviors of students in educational institutes (Denlinger, 2009).

Academic Performance

Academic performance of students is a key feature in education (Rono, 2013). It

is considered to be the center around which the whole education system revolves. Narad
and Abdullah (2016) opined that the academic performance of students determines the
success or failure of any academic institution. Signh, Malik and Signh (2016) also argued
that academic performance of students has a direct impact on the socio-economic
development of a country. Similarly, Farooq, Chaudhry, Shafiq and Behanu (2011),
asserted that students’ academic performance serves as a bedrock for knowledge
acquisition and the development of skills. Additionally, Farooq et al., (2011) emphasized
that the top most priority of all educators is academic performance of students. According
to Narad and Abdullah (2016) academic performance is the knowledge gained which is
assessed by marks by a teacher and/or educational goals set by students and teachers to be
achieved over a specific period of time. They added that these goals are measured by using
continuous assessment or examinations results.

Global Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an

ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December
2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak a Public
Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020 and a pandemic in March
2020. As of 19 March 2021, more than 121 million cases have been confirmed, with more
than 2.69 million deaths attributed to COVID-19, making it one of the deadliest
pandemics in history.

Chapter 3

Methods and Procedures

This chapter introduces the research design, research population and sample,
sampling procedure, research instruments, validity and reliability of instruments, data
collection procedure and data analysis.

I. Research Design

The research design was used in this study is descriptive. Descriptive because the
main objective of this study is to observe and report the necessary information about
time management and its factors affecting the academic performances of Grade 12
STEM students of Ozamiz City National High School during a global pandemic.

II. Research Population and Sample

The population in this study will be the Grade 12 senior high school Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students of Ozamiz City National
High School. On conducting the study, the researchers have chosen 50 Grade 12 STEM
students as sample size for the research study.

III. Sampling Procedure

Simple random sampling was applied in this research study. All Grade 12 STEM
students were given equal chance or probability to be selected.

IV. Research Instruments

Questionnaire was the instrument being used in gathering data by distributing it

through online platforms for safety measures. The questions in the said questionnaire
will be answered by Yes or No and the number of items will be 10 and also has the
respondent’s personal information.

V. Validity and Reliability

It will be validated by establishing a Content Validity to evaluate the quality of

the items of the test. To test the reliability of the instrument, Test-Retest Reliability will
be used to evaluate the consistency of the results.

VI. Data Collection

Data collection will move along by distributing the questionnaires by using

Google Forum. The results will be recorded, tabulated and analyzed.

VII. Data Analysis

Chi-Square Test will be applied on the gathered data. This is to determine the
association between time management and the academic performances of Grade 12
STEM students of Ozamiz City National High School during a global pandemic.
 Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the gathered data collected from the conducted survey,
analysis and interpretation of data are also presented in this chapter.

A. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents by Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

MALE 21 42%
FEMALE 29 58%
TOTAL 50 100%

B. Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Responses

1. Do you manage your time well in this time of pandemic, especially in your academic
responsibilities?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 9 12
FEMALE 10 19
TOTAL 19 31
PERCENTAGE 38% 62%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 7 14
FEMALE 8 21
TOTAL 15 35
PERCENTAGE 30% 70%
According to the results, 30% of the respondents can manage their time well in this time
of pandemic especially in their academic responsibilities while 70% cannot do the same
thing to the respondents who answered yes.

2. Is time a problem for you to copped up with the tasks given to you by your respective
teachers?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 16 5
FEMALE 17 12
TOTAL 33 17
PERCENTAGE 66% 34%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 15 6
FEMALE 19 10
TOTAL 34 16
PERCENTAGE 68% 32%

According to the results, 68% of the respondents having a problem with time copping up
with the task given to them while 32% of the respondents having no problem with time.

3. Have you experienced a lot of unexpected change of plans?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 12 9
FEMALE 19 10
TOTAL 31 19
PERCENTAGE 62% 38%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 14 7
 FEMALE 23 6
TOTAL 37 13
PERCENTAGE 74% 26%

According to the results, 74% of the respondents have experienced a lot of unexpected
change of plans while 26% of the respondents haven’t experienced the change.

4. Do you think you handled your time well?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 5 16
FEMALE 6 23
TOTAL 11 39
PERCENTAGE 22% 78%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 4 17
FEMALE 6 23
TOTAL 10 40
PERCENTAGE 20% 80%

According to the results, 20% of the respondents can handle time well while 80% of the
respondents cannot handle their time well.

5. Does thinking about the time spent on other things than doing school works pressure
you?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 14 7
FEMALE 15 14
TOTAL 29 21
PERCENTAGE 58% 42%
 GENDER YES NO
MALE 13 8
FEMALE 17 12
TOTAL 30 20
PERCENTAGE 60% 40%

According to the results, 60% of the respondents are pressured when thinking about the
time they spent to the other things than doing school works while 40% of the
respondents are not feeling the pressure.

Factors affecting time management questions:

6. Do you have a list that contains all the tasks in one?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 10 11
FEMALE 10 19
TOTAL 20 30
PERCENTAGE 40% 60%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 9 12
FEMALE 12 17
TOTAL 21 29
PERCENTAGE 42% 58%

According to the results, 42% of the respondents have a list that contains all tasks in one
while 58% of the respondents don’t have a list.

7. Do you comply with the due date and deadline requirements of each tasks given to
you?
 GENDER YES NO
MALE 18 3
FEMALE 20 9
TOTAL 38 12
PERCENTAGE 76% 24%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 16 5
FEMALE 20 9
TOTAL 36 14
PERCENTAGE 72% 28%

According to the results, 72% of the respondents can comply with the due date and
deadline requirements of ach tasks that are given to them while there are 28% of the
respondents are having hard time in complying.

8. Do you always procrastinate and let tasks sit until the last minute?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 14 7
FEMALE 22 7
TOTAL 36 14
PERCENTAGE 72% 28%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 16 5
FEMALE 26 3
TOTAL 42 8
PERCENTAGE 84% 16%
According to the results, 84% answered yes while 16% of the respondents answered no.
Therefore, most of the respondents have gone through procrastination in this time of
pandemic.

9. Do you consider the importance of having time management to excel on your

academic performances?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 8 13
FEMALE 20 9
TOTAL 28 22
PERCENTAGE 56% 44%

GENDER YES NO
MALE 6 15
FEMALE 24 5
TOTAL 30 20
PERCENTAGE 60% 40%

According to the results, there are 60% of the respondents that are giving importance of
having time management to be able to excel in academic performances while 40% of the
respondents answered no.

10. Do you also consider the importance of the tasks?

GENDER YES NO
MALE 3 18
FEMALE 23 6
TOTAL 26 24
PERCENTAGE 52% 48%

GENDER YES NO
 MALE 6 15
FEMALE 23 6
TOTAL 29 21
PERCENTAGE 58% 42%

According to the results, 58% of the respondents consider the importance of the task
while 42% of the respondents answered no.

Chapter 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

Initial findings indicate that 30% of the respondents can manage their time well
in this time of pandemic especially to their academic responsibilities. The factors
affecting time management are also been questioned and its shows that most of the
students are having hard time in managing their time that affects their academic
performances. Findings also indicate that there is a significant relationship between
student’s time management and the academic performances.

Conclusions

This research has shown that there is an association between time management
and academic performances of students. This study helps to initiate that every student
must have time management so that the flow of activities everyday will go smoothly and
so that stress and pressure will be lessen. The result shows that most of the Grade 12
Stem students are having a hard time in managing their time in this time of pandemic
which has many destructions.

Recommendations

The researchers of this study would recommend the future researchers to

enhance and dig deeper this study so that they can spread more information about this.
To allow them to take impart of spreading the purpose of this study that would greatly
benefit people and as well as the future researchers.
Appendix
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