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REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO
ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET UNIVERSITAIRE
ESU
UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE LA SAPIENTIA
UCS GOMA
B.P 50 GOMA
FACULTE DE SCIENCES APPLIQUEES
DEPARTEMENT DE GENIE ELECTRIQUE ET
INFORMATIQUE
Travail pratique des réseaux intelligents :
« Le smart
1
grid »
Par : MAPENZI NKINAMUBANZI chrispin
Enseignant : Ir LUTUNDULA parfait
Promotion : Master 1 EE
Juin 2022
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0. Introduction
This work will turn around smart grid, before smart grid be used, there was first grid
(conventional or classic). By definition, electric grid (electrical network) is the set of
infrastructures that will allow electricity to be transported from the production place to main
consumers.
In this work, we will answer to 3 main questions which are:
1. What is smart grid?
2. Why is smart grid important
3. What are advantages of smart grid?
Evolution of Electric Grid
Fig. 1 1. Existing grid
1. Why is smart grid important?
Here are some disadvantages of electric grid which push engineers to think about another
solution, which is smart grid;
Disadvantages of Existing Electric Grid
1. Over strained and interregional bulk power transfer is limited
2. Cannot fully support the integration of renewable energy
3. Low reliability of power and outages
4. Fluctuating Power quality
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5. Lack of Consumer Discipline
6. Increasing levels of Greenhouse gases
7. Almost Zero Customer Participation
8. Low billing and collection
9. Less Efficiency
2. What is smart grid?
Concept, Definitions and Need for Smart Grid
A Smart Grid is an electricity Network based on Digital Technology that is used to supply
electricity to consumers via Two-Way Digital Communication. This system allows for
monitoring, analysis, control and communication within the supply chain to help improve
efficiency, reduce the energy consumption and cost and maximize the transparency and
reliability of the energy supply chain.
The term “Smart Grid” was coined by Andres E. Carvallo on April 24, 2007 at an IDC energy
conference in Chicago.
Definition:
“Smart grid is integration of an electric power system, communication network,
advanced Sensing, metering, measurement infrastructure, complete decision support and
human interfaces software and hardware to monitor, control and manage the creation,
distribution, storage and consumption of energy.”
The areas of application of smart grids include: smart meters integration, demand
management, smart integration of generated energy, administration of storage and renewable
resources, using systems that continuously provide and use data from an energy network.
A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all
users connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently
deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.
System (Generation, Transmission, Distribution) with an advanced two- way
communications system
Enables real-time monitoring and control
Provide greater visibility and transparency
Consequently, enables cost reduction and efficiency improvement
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Smart Grid is based on Digital Technology that is used to supply electricity to consumers via
Two-Way Digital Communication. This system allows for monitoring, analysis, control and
communication within the supply chain to help improve efficiency, reduce the energy
consumption and cost and maximize the transparency and reliability of the energy supply chain.
The flow of electricity from utility to consumer becomes a two-way conversation, saving
consumers money, energy, delivering more transparency in terms of end-user use, and reducing
carbon emissions.
A smart grid distribution system, whose objective is to develop a power grid more
efficient and reliable, improving safety and quality of supply in accordance with the
requirements of the digital age.
Higher Penetration of renewable resources or distributed generation
Extensive and effective communication overlay from generation to consumers
Use of advanced sensors and high speed control
Higher operating efficiency.
Greater resiliency against attacks and natural disasters
Automated metering and rapid power restoration
Provided greater customer participation
Presently the Indian Electricity System faces a number of challenges such as:
Shortage of power
Power Theft
Poor access to electricity in Rural areas
Huge losses in the Grid
Inefficient Power Consumption
Poor reliability
To overcome these problems; smart grid is needed.
3. Benefits of Smart Grid
Self-Healing: A smart grid automatically detects and responds to routine problems
and quickly recovers if they occur, minimizing downtime and financial loss.
Resists Attack: A smart grid has security built in from the ground up.
Motivates and Includes the Consumer: A smart grid gives all consumers
industrial, commercial, and residential-visibility in to real-time pricing, and
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affords them the opportunity to choose the volume of consumption and price that
best suits their needs.
Reduction in AT & C losses
Reduction in CO2 Emission
Enabling Energy Audit
Reduction in Cost Billing
Remote Load Control
Shifting of Peak requirement to non-peak time [Peak Shaving]
Integration of Renewable Energy
Clean Energy Development.
Provides Power Quality
Optimizes Assets and Operates Efficiently
Safety, Reliable and Efficient
Improved National Security
Improved Environmental Conditions
Improved Economic Growth
4. Difference between conventional & Smart Grid,
[Link] Smart Grid Conventional Grid
1. Self-Healing Manual Restoration
2. Digital Electromechanical
3. Pervasive Control Limited Control
4. Two-Way Communication One-Way Communication
5. Distributed Generation Centralized Generation
6. Network Hierarchical
7. Adaptive and Islanding Failures and Blackouts
8. Sensors Throughout Few Sensors
9. Remote Check/Test Manual Check/Test
10. Self-Monitoring Blind
11. Many Customer Choices Few Customer Choices
12. Extensive real time monitoring Lack of real time monitoring
13. Extremely quick reaction time Slow Reaction time
14. Energy Storage No energy Storage
15. Increased customer participation Total control by Utility
Tab 1 [Link] grid><Conventional grid
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Strength: Threats:
Anticipates compromises Dedicated communication
Self-Healing channels
Digitalised Platform Complex technical support
Load Management Hackers attacks on Web applications
Decentralised Controls New regulations
Customised
Renewable Resources
Autonomous
Transparency
Weakness: Opportunities:
Complexity Cyber Security in future
Communications Link Failure Optimal Power Flow Defense
Sensor/Actuator Failure Model
Control System Failure Decentralised Storage.
Lack of Operator Response
Late Human Response
Improper Operator Command
Compatibility Issues
Tab 1 2. SWOT analysis for smart grid
5. Conclusion
All along this research we talk about smart grid, we saw how much smart grids are important
not only for customers but also for producers. With smart grid the communication is in two ways,
the efficiency increase. At the end we summarized it in a swot analysis.
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