transportation in some cities and towns.

Pedicabs are
LAND TRANSPORTATION usually tricycle-like structures with a passenger seat or
➢ Land Transportation refers to activities of seats attached to a bicycle.
physical movement of goods and passengers on
land. This movement takes place on road, rail, RAIL TRANSPORT
rope or pipe. So, land transportation may further
be divided into Road transport, Rail transport Rail transport plays a significant role in the Philippines,
and pipeline transport providing efficient and rapid means of transportation in
certain areas. The country has a limited but expanding
THE DIFFERENT MODES OF LAND TRANSPORT railway network, with the majority of the systems
IN THE PHILIPPINES. ( R-R-T ) concentrated in Metro Manila and nearby provinces. The
• Road transport Manila Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Manila Metro Rail
• Rail transport Transit (MRT) systems are the primary urban rail systems
• Pipeline Transport in Metro Manila. The LRT consists of two lines, LRT-1
and LRT-2, serving different parts of the city and
ROAD TRANSPORT connecting to nearby regions. The MRT, also known as
MRT-3, is an elevated rail system that traverses the major
Buses are a common mode of transportation for both thoroughfare of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA).
short and long distances. They serve both urban and rural These rail systems provide a faster and more efficient
areas, providing an affordable means of travel for mode of transport, particularly during peak hours when
commuters. Buses are operated by various private traffic congestion is common. The LRT and MRT
companies and government agencies. systems are operated by government-owned corporations
and are accessible to the public for a fare. Stations along
the rail lines are strategically located, serving key areas,
Jeepneys are an iconic mode of public transport in the business districts, and transportation interchanges.
Philippines, known for their vibrant colors and unique
designs. They originated from surplus military jeeps left
by the United States after World War II, which were then PIPE TRANSPORT
modified and transformed into passenger vehicles. They
play a vital role in providing affordable and accessible In the Philippines, pipe transport plays a crucial role in
transportation to commuters, particularly in urban and various industries and infrastructure development.
rural areas. Jeepneys operate on fixed routes, picking up • Water Supply
and dropping off passengers along the way • Sanitation and Sewage Systems
Jeepneys have become a symbol of Philippine culture and • Oil and Gas Industry
creativity, representing the ingenuity and resourcefulness • Industrial Applications
of the Filipino people. The government has initiated • Infrastructure Development
programs to replace older jeepneys with more
environmentally friendly and efficient models, such as PIPE TRANSPORT WATER SUPPLY
electric or Euro 4-compliant jeepneys. They often have a
seating capacity for around 20 passengers, with additional ➢ Pipe transport is extensively used for water supply
standing room for more passengers. networks across the country.
➢ In urban areas, pipelines distribute treated water
Taxis have long been a traditional mode of from water treatment plants to households,
transportation in the Philippines, particularly in urban commercial buildings, and industrial facilities.
areas. It provides a convenient and private means of ➢ In rural areas, pipes are used to deliver water
transport for individuals or small groups. They are easily from reservoirs or groundwater sources to
accessible in busy areas such as airports, hotels, shopping communities.
centers, and transportation hubs. Taxis are typically ➢ The Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage
metered, and fares are calculated based on distance System (MWSS) oversees the water supply
traveled and time spent in the vehicle. infrastructure in Metro Manila, while local water
In recent years, ride-hailing services like Grab and Uber districts manage water distribution in other
have gained significant popularity in the Philippines. Ride- regions.
hailing services connect passengers with drivers through
mobile applications, allowing for convenient booking and PIPE TRANSPORT SANITATION AND SEWAGE
cashless transactions. The government has implemented SYSTEMS
regulations to ensure safety standards and fair competition ➢ Pipe transport is essential for sewage systems,
between traditional taxis and ride-hailing services. enabling the efficient removal and treatment of
wastewater.
Tricycles and Pedicabs are popular modes of ➢ Sewage pipelines collect wastewater from homes,
transport in the Philippines, particularly in urban and businesses, and industries, transporting it to
rural areas. Tricycles are three-wheeled motorcycles with treatment plants or disposal sites.
a sidecar attached, providing seating for passengers. ➢ The Philippine government, through the
Tricycles offer a convenient and affordable means of Department of Public Works and Highways
transportation, especially for areas with limited road (DPWH) and local authorities, works on
infrastructure. They are often privately owned and improving sewage systems to enhance sanitation
operated by individual drivers or organized into local and protect water sources.
tricycle associations. Pedicabs, also known as cycle
rickshaws, are human powered vehicles used for
PIPE TRANSPORT OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
WATER TRANSPORTATION
➢ The Philippines has a growing oil and gas ➢ Water transport is defined as the process of
industry, and pipelines are used to transport moving people, freight and mails by barge, boat,
petroleum products and natural gas. ship, or sailboat over a sea, ocean, lake, canal,
➢ Pipelines transfer crude oil, refined petroleum and river or by other types of water
products, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) transportation. It is an important mode of
between refineries, storage facilities, and transport.
distribution centers. ➢ Water transport is defined as the process of
➢ Subsea pipelines are also employed to transport moving people, freight and mails by barge, boat,
natural gas from offshore gas fields to onshore ship, or sailboat over a sea, ocean, lake, canal,
processing facilities. and river or by other types of water
transportation. It is an important mode of
PIPE TRANSPORT INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS transport.
➢ Water transportation is the cheapest means of
➢ Pipelines are utilized for transporting various transporting bulky and perishable goods over
chemicals and industrial fluids in manufacturing long distances. This mode of transportation is
plants, power plants, and refineries. primarily used for the carriage of people,
➢ Industries such as petrochemicals, perishable and-perishable goods which are
pharmaceuticals, and food processing rely on generally referred to as cargo.
pipe transport for the efficient movement of raw ➢ Water transportation is mainly divided into two
materials and finished products. types - Inland Waterways and Sea Routes. Inland
waterways exist in the form of rivers, canals and
PIPE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE lakes.
DEVELOPMENT ➢ Water transport is any form of transportation
vehicle which is primarily used to travel by water.
➢ The Philippine government invests in pipeline There are many different types of water transport,
infrastructure as part of its development plans. used for both cargo and passengers, which travel
➢ For instance, the New Centennial Water Source- on many different waterways.
Kaliwa Dam Project involves the construction of
a water conveyance system that includes pipelines Advantages of Water Transportation
to supply water to Metro Manila and nearby • ECONOMICAL
provinces. • HUGE STORAGE CAPACITY
➢ Additionally, ongoing infrastructure projects, such • PROTECTED MODE OF TRANSPORT
as road networks and railways, may require • HARMLESS TO THE ECOSYSTEM
pipelines for water crossings, drainage systems, or
• LANGUID AND TIME-CONSUMING
utility corridors.

IMPORTANCE OF LAND TRANSPORTATION

Disadvantages of Water Transportation
• Makes available raw materials to manufacturers • DEPENDABILITY
or producers • PORT ACCESSIBILITY
• Makes available goods to customers • NOT APPROPRIATE FOR PERISHABLE
• Enhance standard of living GOODS
• Helps during emergencies and natural
calamities
• Helps in labor mobility
• Helps in creation of employment

ADVANTAGES OF LAND TRANSPORTATION

• It is a relatively cheaper mode of transport as compared
to other modes.
• Perishable goods can be transported at a faster speed
by road carriers over a short distance.
• It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and
unloading is possible at any destination. It provides door- HISTORY
to-door services. • One of the oldest and reliable mode of transportation
• It helps people to travel and carry goods from one • Eco-friendly (usage of wind to move)
place to another in places are not connected by other • Discovery of new lands Defense of a country
means of transport like hilly areas.
Innovations Made In The Water Transportation Of
LIMITATIONS OF LAND TRANSPORTATION The Philippines
Due to limited carrying capacity road transport is not
economical for long distance transportation of goods. BOAT
• Transportation of heavy goods or goods in bulk by road
One of the main types of water transport is a boat. This is
involves high cost.
the most likely form of vehicle you would use to travel on
• It is affected by adverse weather conditions. Floods,
water, regardless of whether you’re on a canal or in the
rain, landslide, etc., sometimes create obstructions to road
middle of the ocean. However, there are of course a lot of
transport
different types of boats. Boats in the Philippines are also
called Bangka. Motorized and non-motorized boats are • Sea Ambulance - Ambulance boats are boats that
the primary mode of water transportation between islands provide emergency medical assistance and
and across inland and coastal waters. The native Bangka services to areas that are remote and are
is also typically used for fishing, transporting goods, and surrounded by a water body. These ambulance
island hopping tours. boats are very similar to the traditional
ambulances and are equipped with all the
THREE CATEGORIES OF BOATS necessary gadgets including ventilators, surgery
1. Unpowered or human-powered boats equipment, a team of paramedics, and other
2. Sailboats necessary equipment to provide aid to the
3. Motorboats victims. In cases of emergencies, some lifeguard
vessels or lifeboats can also be used as
• Kayak - This is a small narrow human powered ambulances to transport victims or casualties.
boat propelled by the use of double-ended • Yacht - A yacht is a craft used for pleasure and
paddles. They are most commonly used for sport. The name comes from the Dutch word
recreational purposes on small bodies of water. jaght, which translates as ‘hunter’, a fast, light
The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic sailing vessel used in the past by the nation’s navy
word qajaq (IPA: [qajɑq]). In British English, the to chase pirates and other ne'er-do wells. When
kayak is considered to be a kind of canoe. While the English King Charles the Second was carried
technically understandable, in the North by ‘jacht’ from the Netherlands back home, in
American sense this is not the case. 1660, the word soon came to mean a vessel in
which important people were carried, not just any
• Surfboard - A surfboard is a tricky one to
old boat.
categorize as one of the types of water transport,
• Cruise Ship - One of the most well-known and
but it is listed on many websites as being a form
of transport despite not generally being used to go exciting types of water transport is the cruise ship;
from point A to point B in any way. A surfboard they are, obviously, classed as ships – they are
is a narrow plank used to allow surfers to ride a passenger carrying vessels, designed for staying at
wave for fun. sea for an extended period of time. They differ
from liners in that they stop at multiple ports as
• Personal Watercraft - A PWC is also known as
part of a round-trip. On board you’ll find a range
a Jet Ski, which is actually a brand name (owned of amenities including cabins, restaurants, shops,
by Kawasaki) which has become synonymous theatres, cinemas, bars, nightclubs, tattoo shops,
with this kind of vessel. These differ from boats water slides, go-karting tracks and much more.
in that you stand or sit ON them, not in them.
Not every cruise ship has all of these, but this is
They are used for recreation mostly. However, just an example of how incredible cruise ships
law enforcement also use them due to their speed can be.
– and PWC fishing is a fast-growing industry.
• Catamaran - A catamaran is a type of boat which River Ferries
has two hulls. They are generally small-fish boats ➢ The Pasig River Ferry Service is a river ferry
used for fishing or cruising, but this style of boat service that serves Metro Manila, it is also the
has been known to be used for car ferries too only water-based transportation that cruises
given their stability. the Pasig River. The entire ferry network had
• Lifeboat - A lifeboat is a small rigid or inflatable 17 stations operational and 2 lines. The first
boat, generally attached to a larger boat or ship, line was the Pasig River Line which stretched
used for sea rescue when necessary. Ships legally from Plaza Mexico in Intramuros, Manila to
have to have a certain number of lifeboats Nagpayong station in Pasig. The second line
corresponding with the number of people on was the Marikina River Line which served the
board. Lifeboats designed for search & rescue Guadalupe station in Makati up to Santa
operations, flood evacuation, & for water Elena station in Marikina.
transportation.
• Balangay - A balangay, or barangay, is a type of Ferry Services
lashed-lug boat built by joining planks edge-to- ➢ Ferry services play an important role in
edge using pins, dowels, and fiber lashings. They transportation and communication between
are found throughout the Philippines and were the islands. The main ferry ports in the
used largely as trading ships up until the colonial country are Manila, Cebu and Davao.A range
era. The oldest known balangay are the Butuan of ships are used, from large cargo ships to
boats, which have been carbon-dated to 320 AD small pump boats. Some trips last for a day
and were recovered from several sites in Butuan, or two on large overnight ferries. There are
Agusan del Norte. Butuan boats, refers to an numerous shipping companies in the
incomplete remains of planked boats excavated Philippines. Notable companies include
from about 2 m of waterlogged alluvial sediments 2GO Travel (the successor to Superferry and
in Barangay Libertad, Butuan City, Philippines. Negros Navigation) and Trans-Asia Shipping
Lines. Other trips can last for less than 15
minutes on small, open-air pump boats such
as those that cross the Iloilo Strait or between
the Caticlan jetty port and Boracay island.
4 types of Ferries in the Philippines
1. Bangka - are also known as pump boats. A AIR TRANSPORTATION
pump boat (usually variation as pambot in ➢ Air transport is that which transports
local languages) is an outrigger canoe (bangka by air, by means of aircraft, airplanes,
'boat') powered by a small gasoline or diesel etc. Allows the movement of people,
engine. Bangkas are glorified water taxis goods, and mail. Aircraft are the
made of traditional building materials like fastest means of transportation and
wood and bamboo. They are surprisingly therefore the most suitable for
sturdy boats that can withstand rough seas to shipping products within the supply
an extent. Bangkas are the cheapest form of chain that require fast and agile
ferry transport and most often used for short- delivery.
distances. Smaller pump boats might be ➢ Air transportation has evolved
powered by the sort of small single-cylinder significantly since the Wright brothers'
engine used to drive a water pump. Larger first flight in 1903. The development of
ones are often powered by recycled jet engines, the emergence of
automobile engines. commercial airlines, and breakthroughs
2. ROROs - Roll On Roll Off ferries are large in technology have propelled air travel to
ferries that are especially useful if you are new heights. It has become a vital mode
travelling with a vehicle. You do not have to of transportation, connecting people
have a vehicle to use these vessels. These globally and fostering economic growth.
ferries are used for short to medium
distances. HISTORY OF AIR TRANSPORT IN THE
3. Fastcraft - These fast, air-conditioned vessels PHILIPPINES
provide transport between the larger islands ➢ 1930’S
of the Philippines. They provide faster travel
The first Philippine air transport companies
and modern amenities and as a result have a
higher ticket price.
were created primarily as a means of travel
4. Passenger Liners - Passenger Liners run long- and freight delivery between the nation's
distance routes around the islands. They scattered islands.
transport hundreds of travelers similar to ➢ Philippine Aerial Taxi Company (PATCO) Pioneer
airplanes. Lower Deck bunk accommodation in the aviation industry was granted a 25-year charter
is available in the form of economy class by the Philippine legislature in 1931 for both
tickets. With a first-class ticket, you can domestic and international flights. Known as the
expect an air-conditioned stateroom. Philippine Airlines today.
Travelling in the economy is fine as long as ➢ March 1941
the ships aren’t too crowded. First flight of Philippine Airlines bound for
Baguio with 5 passengers on board using their
Ferries in the Philippines Beech 18 aircraft.
• 2GO ➢ Cebu Pacific Air
Established on March 1988 owned and headed
• Asian Marine Transport Corporation
by Lance Gokongwei. Currently, it is the
• Cebu Ferries country’s leading domestic carrier serving the
• USAT Don Esteban most domestic destinations with 34 domestic
• Don Isidro (1939) flights, and 17 international destinations in 12
• Negros Navigation countries, the largest number of flights and
• Starhorse Shipping Lines routes.
• Starlite Ferries
• SuperFerry LISTS OF ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF AIR TRANSPORTATION
TYPICAL DOMESTIC VESSEL
ADVANTAGES
➢ Medium/Long - Distance Ropax Vessel
• High standard of security
➢ Conventional Cargo – Passenger Vessel
• No Physical Limits
➢ Fast Craft
• Fast delivery times
➢ Wooden – hull Banca
➢ Container Vessel • Send almost everywhere your freight
➢ General Cargo Vessel • There is less need for heavy packaging
➢ Tanker
DISADVANTAGES
➢ Short – distance RoRo Vessel
• High Cost
• Risky
• Some Product Limitation
• Capacity for Small Carriage
• Enormous investment
IMPORTANCE
• GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY RAIL TRANSPORTAION
• ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TRADE
• TIME EFFICIENCY ➢ Railways are a form of transportation that uses
• ACCESS TO REMOTE AREAS wheeled vehicles, such as trains, to transport
• EMPLOYMENT AND TOURISM passengers and goods along tracks or rails. The tracks
provide a dedicated pathway for the trains to travel
• KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AND
on, allowing for efficient and controlled movement.
EDUCATION
➢ Rail transportation has been a significant mode of
• HUMANITARIAN AID AND MEDICAL transportation for many years and continues to play a
SERVICES crucial role in the global transportation network as
• CULTURAL ENRICHMENT AND they are commonly used for both freight
UNDERSTANDING transportation and passenger travel, and they are
often a preferred choice for moving heavy or bulky
Cargo and Logistics cargo, such as minerals, coals, and containers.
• the carriage or the transportation of goods
through an air carrier TYPES OF PASSENGER TRAINS:
• moving express shipments around the globe • LOCAL TRAINS - A type of passenger train
• air mail, air freight and air express that primarily serves short-distance travel
• Airports offer strong geographical coverage for within a specific region or metropolitan area.
companies from all over the world. • COMMUTER TRAINS - Operates during
peak hours, connecting suburbs to urban
AIRFREIGHT centers for daily commuting. These
• perishable foodstuffs connects suburbs to the central city, often
• fragile products, covering longer distances
• products of high value, • REGIONAL TRAINS - Links cities and
• Intercontinental urgent mail, towns within a specific geographic region,
• Spare parts and spare parts for land vehicles, often with more stops than intercity trains.
• Materials for fairs and events. • INTERCITY TRAINS - Connecting major
cities across medium distances, with fewer
4 COMMERCIAL AIRLINES IN THE PHILIPPINES stops than regional trains.
• HIGH SPEED TRAINS - Engineered for
• CEBU PACIFIC rapid travel between cities, these trains
• PHILIPPINE AIRLINE reach significantly higher speeds than
• AIR ASIA traditional ones.
• SKYJET • LONG DISTANCE TRAINS - Covers
extensive distances, often providing
TOP 10 BUSIEST AIRPORTS IN THE overnight accommodations for comfortable
PHILIPPINES journeys
• INTERNATIONAL TRAINS - Crosses
1. NINOY AQUINO INTERNATIONAL national borders to connect cities in different
AIRPORT countries.
2. ILOILO AIRPORT
3. MACTAN CEBU INTERNATIONAL TYPES OF FREIGHT TRAINS
AIRPORT • BOXCAR - Enclosed and weatherproof,
4. GENERAL SANTOS CITY AIRPORT boxcars are used for transporting general
5. DAVAO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT goods, packaged items, and materials that
6. PUERTO PRINSESA AIRPORT need protection from the elements.
7. KALIBO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT • FLATCAR - A flat, open platform without
8. LAGUINDINGAN AIRPORT walls or a roof, flatcars are used to transport
9. DANIEL Z. ROMUALDEZ AIRPORT heavy or oversized items like machinery,
10. ZAMBOANGA INTERNATIONAL vehicles, lumber, and steel coils.
AIRPORT • HOPPER CAR - Equipped with hoppers at
the bottom, these cars are used for
transporting bulk materials such as coal,
grain, and minerals.
• TANK CAR - Designed to transport liquids
or gases, tank cars are used for hauling
chemicals, petroleum products, and
hazardous materials.
• INTERMODAL CAR - Are designed to
carry shipping containers or trailers,
allowing for efficient transportation between
trains, trucks, and ships.
ADVANTAGES OF RAILWAYS
• HIGH CARRYING CAPACITY TRANSPORTATION POLICY
• DEPENDABLE
NATIONAL TRANSPORT POLICY
• SAFETY
• BETTER ORGANIZED ➢ The National Economic and
• ABILITY TO TRANSPORT LARGE QUANTITIES OF Development Authority (NEDA) has
GOOD released implementing rules and
regulations (IRR) of the National
DISADVANTAGES OF RAILWAYS Transport Policy (NTP), the policy that
embodies the government’s intended
• Inflexibility
reforms in the transport sector. Among
• High Initial Infrastructure Cost policies pushed under the IRR are the
• Environmental Impact use of ports outside Metro Manila,
• Limited Door-to-Door Service provision of alternative truck routes,
• Capacity Constraints harmonization of traffic ordinances, and
establishment of a seamless intermodal
THE FIRST RAILWAY transport logistics network. The IRR sets
➢ The Manila- Dagupan Railway was the first the direction and parameters of the
railway in the Philippines, built-in 1892. It integrated development and regulation of
connected the capital city of Manila to the city the Philippine transport sector pursuant
of Dagupan in Pangasinan to the NTP, which was adopted by the
NEDA Board in June 2017. The IRR
took effect last January 14, 2020 after it
PANAY RAILWAYS
was announced in a general circulation
➢ The Panay Railways Inc. (PRI) was established in publication on December 30, 2019.
1906 and it linked various towns in Iloilo and
Capiz. The original route covered 117 kilometers ➢ The NTP was formulated to help achieve
and had nineteen permanent and ten flag the government’s vision of a “safe,
stations. However, it ceased its operations in secure, reliable, efficient, integrated,
1985, leaving behind a trail of ruins that offer a intermodal, affordable, cost-effective,
environmentally sustainable, and people-
glimpse into the bygone era.
oriented national transport system that
ensures improved quality of life of the
KEY RAILWAYS IN THE PHILIPPINES people, ” according to NEDA.
• MANILA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM (LRT)
• PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS (PNR) TRANSPORTATION POLICIES
• MANILA METRO RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM (MRT) ➢ Accessibility and Mobility
Enhancing the accessibility and mobility of
Manila Light Rail Transit System consists of three people and goods by improving transport
1. Line 1 (LRT-1) or Yellow Line infrastructure, reducing congestion, and ensuring
2. Line 2 (LRT-2) or Purple Line efficient intermodal connectivity.
3. Line 6 (LRT-6) Under Construction – BACOOR TO ➢ Safety and Security
TAGAYTAY Prioritizing the safety and security of passengers,
goods, and infrastructure through the
implementation of appropriate regulations,
RA. 4156. AN ACT CREATING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
enforcement measures, and emergency response
RAILWAYS, PRESCRIBING ITS POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND systems.
DUTIES, AND PROVIDING FOR THE NECESSARY FUNDS ➢ Environmental sustainability
FOR ITS OPERATION. Promoting sustainable transportation practices by
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving
energy efficiency, and integrating environmental
considerations into transport planning and
operations.
➢ Social inclusivity
Ensuring that transportation services are
accessible and affordable for all segments of
society, including marginalized groups, persons
with disabilities, and senior citizens.
➢ Economic efficiency
Enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of
the transport sector to support economic growth
and development, including the facilitation of
trade and investment.
Transportation policy in the Philippines encompasses efficient modes of transport, such as electric
various aspects of the country's transportation system, vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and bicycles. Initiatives
aiming to address challenges, promote efficiency, safety, are in place to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
and sustainability. from the transportation sector and promote eco-
friendly practices. It's important to note that
Public Transportation transportation policies in the Philippines continue
➢ The government promotes and regulates public to evolve as the government addresses specific
transportation modes such as buses, jeepneys challenges and aims to improve the overall
(locally modified jeeps used for public transportation system. Additionally, local
transportation), taxis, tricycles (motorcycles with governments and transport authorities may
sidecars), and trains. Policies aim to improve the implement specific regulations and policies to
quality and safety of public transportation address regional needs and issues.
services, including vehicle standards, driver
training, and licensing requirements. Initiatives The “No Permit, No Service” Policy, under PPA
are in place to enhance the integration and Memorandum Circular (MC) 19-2021, states that truckers
coordination of different modes of public need to obtain a Certificate of Accreditation (CA) and
transportation Permit to Operate (PTO). Otherwise, they cannot be
Road Infrastructure allowed to transact at port terminals.
➢ Policies focus on the development and
maintenance of road networks, including national TWO PRINCIPAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN
highways, provincial roads, and urban roads. The THE COUNTRY THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
government allocates funds for road construction, THE PROPER USE OF A PHILIPPINES DRIVING
expansion, and rehabilitation projects. Efforts are LICENSE:
made to improve road safety, signage, and traffic
management. Land Transportation Office (Land Transportation
Traffic Management Commission) an agency under the Department of
➢ Policies address traffic congestion and promote Transportation, the office is responsible for the
efficient traffic flow in urban areas. Measures registration and inspection of motor vehicles, issuance of
include traffic rules and regulations, enforcement driver's licenses and student permits, the implementation
of traffic laws, and the use of intelligent of rules and regulations related to land transportation, and
transportation systems. The government adjudication of traffic cases.
encourages the implementation of alternative
traffic schemes, such as carpooling, designated Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
bus lanes, and bike lanes. this agency helps implement traffic laws that rule metro
Public-Private Partnership wide applications. A traffic enforcer from the MMDA can
➢ The Philippines utilizes PPPs to develop and typically be seen in the areas of Manila, the cities of
maintain transportation infrastructure. Policies Quezon City, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon,
encourage private sector involvement in Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasig,
infrastructure projects, such as toll roads, airports, Pasay, Parañaque, San Juan, Taguig, Valenzuela, and the
seaports, and railway systems. PPPs aim to municipality of Pateros.
leverage private sector expertise and investment
to enhance transportation services and expand Registration Classification of a Philippine Driver's License
infrastructure capacity.
Aviation Student Driver's Permit - If you're a newbie driver, here's
➢ Policies govern the operation and safety of a basic requirement. You must apply for a student permit.
airports, airlines, and air travel in the Philippines. It entails attending classes from an accredited driving
The government regulates air transport through school and passing both theoretical and practical exams
licensing requirements, safety standards, and air before you can operate motor vehicles. Here's where you
traffic management. Efforts are made to improve can also get a lecture about warning signs, and discuss
airport infrastructure, promote competition traffic laws you're about to read later.
among airlines, and enhance aviation safety and
security Non-professional driver's license - If you have a non-
Maritime Transportaion professional license, congratulations! Now you're a
➢ Policies focus on the regulation and development licensed driver who can start navigating privately owned
of the country's maritime transportation sector. motor vehicles in municipal streets, and public highways
The government ensures compliance with and endure heavy traffic. Remember, when you're a non-
international maritime standards, vessel safety professional driver, you can only drive private vehicles
regulations, and maritime labor requirements.
Initiatives aim to enhance maritime connectivity,
port infrastructure, and maritime safety and Professional driver's license - if you are to drive public
security. utility vehicles, motor trucks, articulated vehicles, and any
special motor vehicle, you must have a professional
driver's license. This is because it is expected for
professional drivers to have a better grasp of the traffic
Sustainable Transportation rules and regulations, as well as avoid traffic violations as
➢ The Philippines is working towards promoting per Philippine driving laws
sustainable transportation options. Policies
encourage the adoption of clean and energy-
Driving Laws in the Philippines Every Driver Should then they are allowed to ride the motorcycle
Know without fear of apprehension or violation

RA 4136: The Land Transportation and Traffic Code RA 8750: The Seat Belts Use Act of 1999
➢ This republic act encompasses the basis of all the ➢ A global symbol for car safety, wearing seat belts
driving laws in the Philippines. It is also the law is one of the ways how you can protect yourself in
responsible for the creation of the Land case the braking efficiency of a motor vehicle's
Transportation Office. Under the law, all Filipino brakes fails. To strengthen the normal braking
drivers have been mandated to register all motor capabilities of a motor vehicle, the installation of
vehicles in the National Registry Under the law, a dual hydraulic brake system on the front or rear
there are assigned legal speed limits for every wheels is encouraged. However, as a proactive
driver to follow. Should there be a failure to way of protection for many drivers and
comply, there are also corresponding penalty passengers, it's a must to wear them whenever you
fees, ranging from Php 100 to Php 500, to pay. are in a moving vehicle.
All vehicles have to observe the following speed
limit on these areas: RA 1005: Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009
➢ Some violations punishable by penalty fees under ➢ If children are of concern as they ride
RA 4136 are overtaking and passing a vehicle, motorcycles, of course, all passengers become
Obstruction of traffic, right of way and signaling, subject of concern, as well. Hence the RA 1005
reckless driving, turning at intersections, driving or the Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009. In this
or parking on the sidewalk, and even hitching to a republic act, motorbike riders are required to
vehicle wear DTI-prescribed standard helmets as they
travel. Failure of motorists in wearing helmets
RA 10913: Anti-Distracted Driving Act of 2016 may cause them to pay violation fees of Php
➢ Don't text and drive. Have you seen, or heard this 1,500 on the first offense up to Php 10,000 and
reminder before? Unfortunately, a driver who confiscation of their license on the fourth and
forgot to drive carefully led to the creation of this succeeding offenses.
act, which prohibits all Filipino drivers and
foreign license holders from using any electronic RA 8794: An Act Imposing a Motor Vehicle User's
mobile devices and mobile phones while the car Charge on Owners of all Types of Motor Vehicle and for
is moving, or even during a red light. Don't try it Other Purposes or Anti-Overloading Ac
even for a minute, because if you get caught,
you'll be facing Php 5,000 on your first offense. ➢ An Act Imposing a Motor Vehicle User's Charge
However, you can still use gadgets, provided that on Owners of all Types of Motor Vehicle and for
they have a hands-free function such as Bluetooth Other Purposes” was signed into law on June 27,
earphones. The sanctions for the violations of 2000.
this act range from Php 5,000 on the first offense,
up to Php 20,000 with the revocation of your
driver's license

RA 10586: Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013

➢ Don't drink and drive. How about this one? I'm
sure you have seen and heard of this statement.
This law is should be the most taken seriously by
drivers, as this will not only cause vehicular
accidents, but also damage to property, but also
loss of lives. If you are arrested driving under the
influence of alcohol and in possession of
dangerous drugs, then expect that you are subject
to various tests, such as field sobriety tests, breath
analyzers, and for suspected under the influence
of drugs and similar substances, chemical tests.

RA 10666: Children’s Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015

➢ While a seatbelt may protect passengers within a
car, it is not the case for a motorcycle. Because
more passengers turn to motorcycles to avoid
heavy traffic, vehicular accidents involving
motorcycles are on the rise, some of them
involving children. Hence, this driving law
became into effect. Whenever a two-wheeled
vehicle runs faster than 60 kph on public roads,
children are not allowed to ride them. However,
there are exemptions. If the child can
comfortably reach the foot peg of the motor
vehicle, if the child can properly grip around the
waist of the rider, and wears a protective helmet,